Emission Limb sounders (MIPAS)

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Emission Limb sounders (MIPAS) Bruno Carli ENVISAT ATMOSPHERIC PACKAGE MIPAS Michelson Interferometric Passive Atmospheric Sounder GOMOS Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation

1 Emission Limb sounders (MIPAS) Bruno Carli ENVISAT ATMOSPHERIC PACKAGE MIPAS Michelson Interferometric Passive Atmospheric Sounder GOMOS Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars SCIAMACHY Scanning Imaging Absorption spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography ENVISAT Data Assimilation Summer school SCIAMACHY - ESRIN, August 2003 MIPAS GOMOS 1

2 MIPAS MIPAS is a Fourier Transform (FT) Spectrometer that measures the middle infrared (MIR) emission of the atmosphere at the limb. MIPAS MIPAS is a Fourier Transform (FT) Spectrometer that measures the middle infrared (MIR) emission of the atmosphere at the limb. FT 2

3 MIPAS MIPAS is a Fourier Transform (FT) Spectrometer that measures the middle infrared (MIR) emission of the atmosphere at the limb. Spectral range: cm -1, λ = µm Spectral resolution 0,025 cm -1 unapodized Spectral resolution FWHM cm -1 Vibrational spectra of molecules MIPAS MIPAS is a Fourier Transform (FT) Spectrometer that measures the middle infrared (MIR) emission of the atmosphere at the limb. Spontaneous thermal emission (blackbody) of the atmosphere Continuous (day and night) measurements are possible 3

4 MIPAS MIPAS is a Fourier Transform (FT) Spectrometer that measures the middle infrared (MIR) emission of the atmosphere at the limb. In a limb view the line of sight (LOS) penetrate the atmosphere down to a minimum altitude (tangent altitude) and exits again to space. A typical limb sequence is made of a set of measurements made with different tangent altitudes (typically 3 km increments). MIPAS MIPAS is a Fourier Transform (FT) Spectrometer that measures the middle infrared (MIR) emission of the atmosphere at the limb. Limb measurements are selectively sensitive to the atmospheric composition at tangent altitude. The vertical distribution of atmospheric constituents can be retrieved from a limb sequence of measured spectra. 4

5 MIPAS Functional Description Front End Optics (FEO) Telescope Elevation Scan Unit Azimuth Scan Unit Baseplate 5

6 Interferometer (INT) Beamsplitter Corner Cube Interferometer characteristics Cooled instrument Optical compensation of alignment errors Double sided interferograms Double input and double output 6

7 Spectral Performance: Instrument Line Shape (ILS) 1,2 1 0,8 measured ILS simulated ILS 0,6 Relative Units 0,4 0, , , , , , , , , ,2-0,4 Wavenumber [cm-1] Detector characteristics HgCdTe detectors Four detectors for each output of the interferometer The full band coverage is attained with five channels 7

8 Radiometric Performance: NESR 0 (Noise Equivalent Spectral radiance) 1,00E-07 A AB Requirement Simulation Hot B Measurement Hot Simulation Cold Measurement Cold NESR 1,00E-08 C D 1,00E Wavenumber 8

9 O MIPAS on ENVISAT 9

: 17 (68km, 60km, 52km, 47km, (42 6) km in 3 km steps # limb seq.

10 MIPAS Observation Principle MIPAS measurement scenario (nominal mode) Characteristics: sweep duration: 4.45 s (full resolution) sweeps per limb seq.: 17 (68km, 60km, 52km, 47km, (42 6) km in 3 km steps # limb seq. per orbit: ~ 75 (deep space cal. every 5 sequences) azimuth scan range: ~ +/-15 0 rearward geometries: global coverage, poles visible 10

11 MIPAS measurement scenario MIPAS coverage in one orbit 11

12 MIPAS coverage in one day MIPAS coverage in three days 12

13 ESA-ESRIN, Frascati, Rome, Italy Ozone vertical distribution as a function of latitude and longitude ppm 12 h measurements long long long 3D global ozone distribution km kmkm 5 0 ppm 13 18th 29th August 2003

14 MIPAS objectives Studies Atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric dynamics Climatology Applications Climate change Ozone losses MIPAS possible products MIPAS can simultaneously observe most molecular constituents of the Earth s atmosphere 14

15 MIPAS Near Real Time products Target species O 3 H 2 O N O 2 NOO 2 CH 4 HNO 3 p,t 100 Thermosphere 90 Altitude [km] O 3 layer Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere Complementary ENVISAT measurements Species GOMOS MIPAS SCIA Species GOMOS MIPAS SCIA Aerosol Air density Clouds Pressure Temperature BrO CCl 4 CFC 11 CFC 12 CFC 22 CF4 CH4 ClO CLONO2 CO CO 2 C 2H 2 Clear colours: operational C 2H 6 HCHO HNO 3 HNO 4 HOCl H 2O H2O2 NO Shaded colours: further scientific targets GOMOS: Stratosph. MIPAS: upper Troposph. - lower Mesosphere SCIA:Troposph. - lower Mesosph. NO2 NO3 N2O N2O5 O2,O2*,(O2)2 O3 OCS OClO SO 2 15

MIPAS ESA products Level 0: Level 1B: raw data transmitted from the satellite fully calibrated, geo-located radiance spectra, annotation data (calibration

16 MIPAS ESA products Level 0: Level 1B: raw data transmitted from the satellite fully calibrated, geo-located radiance spectra, annotation data (calibration data, algorithm settings, PCDs, ) Level 2: vertical profiles of p, T, O 3, H 2 O, CH 4, N 2 O, NO 2 & HNO 3, profile variance/covariance data, annotation data 16

17 Preliminary L2 Performances Results of orbit #504 retrievals Temperature [K] Altitude [km] Orbital coordinate [deg] 17

18 Preliminary L2 Performances VMR (ppmv) Results of orbit #504 retrievals Water vapour Ozone N 2 O Altitude [km] CH 4 HNO 3 NO 2 Orbital coordinate [deg] Annual variations 5 April July September December March March

19 # April 2002 Temperature # July 2002 # Sept.2002 # December 2002 # March 2003 # March 2003 H2O # April 2002 # July 2002 # Sept.2002 # December 2002 # March 2003 # March

20 O3 #504 5 April 2002 # July 2002 # Sept.2002 # December 2002 # March 2003 # March 2003 HNO3 #504 5 April 2002 # July 2002 # Sept.2002 # December 2002 # March 2003 # March

21 CH4 #504 5 April 2002 # July 2002 # Sept.2002 # December 2002 # March 2003 # March 2003 N2O #504 5 April 2002 # July 2002 # Sept.2002 # December 2002 # March 2003 # March

22 NO2 # April 2002 # July 2002 # Sept.2002 # December 2002 # March 2003 # March

COMBINED OZONE RETRIEVAL USING THE MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER FOR PASSIVE ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING (MIPAS) AND THE TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER (TES)

COMBINED OZONE RETRIEVAL USING THE MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER FOR PASSIVE ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING (MIPAS) AND THE TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER (TES) Claire Waymark, Anu Dudhia, John Barnett, Fred Taylor,