Tomorrow s cities: active elements and architecture

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1 Tomorrow s cities: active elements and architecture Laure-Emmanuelle Perret-Aebi PVPS@PVSEC-26 / Singapore

2 Photovoltaic Research in Switzerland A c o m p e t e n c e c e n t e r CSEM PV-center in Neuchâtel, next to PVLAB EPFL Applied research From lab to industry

3 Photovoltaic Research in Switzerland A c o m p e t e n c e c e n t e r Thin-film and coatings High efficency c-si cells Polymers, lamination & reliability BIVP Systems & storage Special products

4 Photovoltaic N e w o p p o r t u n i t i e s Annual market of 45 GW (300 millions m2), growing market Module costs divided by 20 in 30 years 70 to 180 Euro/m2. New opportunities with very low cost solar cells!

5 Photovoltaic in buildings A n i n c r e d i b l e p o t e n t i a l In Switzerland, 30% of our electricity needs would be covered by using PV modules (10% efficiency) on well oriented roof (130km 2 ) Lausanne, EPFL

6 Photovoltaic in buildings A n i n c r e d i b l e p o t e n t i a l In Switzerland, 30% of our electricity needs would be covered by using PV modules (10% efficiency) on well oriented roof (130km 2 ) Roof and facades are very interesting and necessary! Geneva (Switzerland)

7 Photovoltaic in buildings n o t a n y m o r e a n o p t i o n Positive energy buildings is becoming the standard

8 Photovoltaic in buildings I n t e g r a t i o n & A e s t h e t i c More than a challenge, a necessity!

9 Photovoltaic in buildings A m u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y c h a l l e n g e Attractive dedicated modules designed with architects, builders, installers colored modules, optical effect, size, shape, dummies Multi-functional building elements building skin, insulation, ventilated façade, windows.

10 Photovoltaic in buildings A m u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y c h a l l e n g e But also Identification of the operational barriers Holistic strategies - from industry to implementation Legislations and regulators, architects, suppliers, integrators, builders Cultural, societal, emotional barriers

11 Photovoltaic in buildings N i c e a n d a t l o w c o s t Transforming and modifying a standard PV module without touching the core technology is a efficient way to modify overall aesthetics without increasing the module costs.

12 Transforming PV modules C o l o u r & I m a g e Substrate

13 PV instead of tiles f r o m l a b t o f a b Silicon thin-film solar tiles (Archinsolar project) 60W /m 2 Silicon m- crystaline (Issol) 130W/m 2 TÜV certified

14 Terra-cotta PV A n e x a m p l e o f t e c h n o l o g i c a l t r a n s f e r Thin-film terra-cotta Mat or shiny finish Sizes: full size ( 1100 x 1400) and small size available

15 Photovoltaic in buildings T e r r a - c o t t a s o l a r r o o f Thin-film terra-cotta on the rooftop of a house in a protected area

16 Photovoltaic in buildings D e m o n s t r a t i o n p r o j e c t i n S w i t z e r l a n d Simulation of the future c-si terra-cotta roof of a farm in a protected area

17 And what about white?

18 White photovoltaic module A r c h i t e c t u r a l e l e g a n c e

19 White photovoltaic module f o r b u i l d i n g f a c a d e >10% efficiency

20 White photovoltaic modules H o w d o e s i t w o r k

21 White photovoltaic modules H o w d o e s i t w o r k

22 White photovoltaic modules H o w d o e s i t w o r k UV visible Infra-Red IR response for different silicon solar cells technologies HJT solar cells have a particularly high response in the IR part of the spectra 55% of its current comes from IR ( nm).

23 White photovoltaic modules H o w d o e s i t w o r k HJT solar cells reach a V o close to 730 mv ( standard c-si cell 630 mv) Even without the visible part of the spectra, the overall conversion efficiency can be over 10%!

24 White photovoltaic modules H o w d o e s i t w o r k nm BROAD BAND FILTER NARROW BAND FILTER nm 0.6 y nm nm 700 nm nm x 10 Very stable color at every angle of vision (use of broad-band filters)

25 White photovoltaic modules H o w d o e s i t w o r k Sample V oc (V) FF (%) J sc (ma/cm 2 ) Eff. (%) Reference White D (%) Cell area (cm 2 ) Module area (cm 2 ) 400 Homogeneous white appearance Module efficiency above 11%

26 Photovoltaic in buildings c o s t c o m p a r i s o n Glass Euro / m2 PV techno. Euro/m2 Active Glass Euro /m2 Laminated glass Safety glass for façade Safety glass with various shapes Coloured safety glass Coloured safety glass with various shapes Source: Issol SA Average cost active glass: 280 euro/m 2. Cables, invererts etc: 120euro/m 2 Total average cost of installed active glass : 400 euro /m 2

27 Architectural city A p r o j e c t f o r N e u c h â t e l Technical & communication working together from the beginning Creative and innovative concept based on emotion to demonstrate and talk about PV with : PV façade and roofs Communication tools for professional and large audience Temporary & long term actions Touristic route Expert Rendez-vous Kids actions Digital concept

28 Architectural city A p r o j e c t f o r N e u c h â t e l

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31 Architectural city U r b a n f u r n i t u r e s

32 Technology and Art A n e m o t i o n a l e x p e r i e n c e

33 Acknowledgements CSEM and PVLab (EPFL): Christophe Ballif, Julien Bailat, Patrick Heinstein, Karin Söderström, Gregory Bugnon, Pierrick Duvoisin, Jordi Escarré-Palou, Heng-Yu Li, Gianluca Cattaneo, Vincenzo Mussolino, Pierre-Jean Alet, Christian Rod, Valentin Chapuis, Christophe Antonin, Urs Fuerholz, Sylvain Nicolay, Matthieu Despeisse, Aïcha Hessler We especially thanks for their financial support, the Banque Cantonal Neuchâteloise (BCN), the Swiss National Sicence Foundation (SNF) NRP 70 program, the Swiss Federal Office for Energy (SFOE) and ÜserHuus for their financial support.

34 Visit our poster 4_ g/m2 modules 21%, passing 200 cycles from - 70 C 85 C and 1000h in DH ( 85 C/85% RH)

35 Thank you for you attention