Eugenio Monticone. Nanoscience and Materials Division Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica

Transcription

1 Eugenio Monticone Nanoscience and Materials Division Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica Eugenio Eugenio Monticone Monticone - - Workshop Workshop on on Axion Axion Physics Physics and and Experiments Experiments

2 "Classical" Single photon detector Distinguish only between zero photons and one or more photons (Photomultiplier, APD, SPAD ) Photon source Energy resolving or Photon number resolving (PNR) detector Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

3 Applications of TES as photon number resolving detector Quantum Optics Quantum Information Processing ( e.g. Linear Optics,Quantum Computing, Quantum Key Distribution) Quantum metrology Detector requirements desired: High efficiency (95% at 1550 nm) Low dark counts / errors (Blackbody limited 1550 nm) Number resolving capability ( ev FWHM) Fast recovery time (<< 1ms), Low jitter (< 1 ns) Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

4 TES: a microcalorimeter made by a superconducting film operated in the temperature region between the normal and the superconducting state E nm E = 0.8 ev = J Bilayer proximity effect T~0.1 mk We need TES with C of the order of: C=E / T~ 1 fj/k Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

5 Voltage bias + dr/dt>0 Negative electrothermal feedback Stability of TES in the transition R I bias t (ms) I tes Workig Point I T c ~ 100 mk T R bias << R tes Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

6 20 µm X 20 µm R I bias t (ms) 1 ph I tes Workig Point I T c ~ 100 mk T R bias << R tes T Voltage bias I Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

7 20 µm X 20 µm R 2 phs I bias t (ms) I tes Working Point I T c ~ 100 mk T R bias << R tes T Voltage bias I Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

8 Fabrication of TES High resolution TES Deposition Ti/Au on Si/SiN substrate by e-gun (10-7 mbarr) Optical lithography and ion milling Lift-off technique 20 µm X 20 µm Nb or Al wiring lift-off and rf sputtering Thickness Ti = 40 nm, Au = 58 nm Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

9 Fabrication facilities at INRIM Nanofacility Clean room UHV deposition system Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

10 Laser Electronics & data aquisition I TES Attenuator Optical fiber INRIM: TES module SQUID current sensors (PTB) Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

11 Coupling: alignment through the chip small core fibers 3-axis stage, controlled by DC stepper motor Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

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13 E FWHM = V a n 2 3 3/ kBTc Tc Intrinsic Energy Resolution E FWHM is proportional to the operating temperature T c and is depending on the volume V of the TES and on the normal-tosuperconductor transition sharpness a = T/R dr/dt τ eff = n 2 T c ( n a /(1 )) I Effective TES response time n = 3-5 By reducing the TES area and working at higher T c, faster response times are achievable without loosing in energy resolution Trade-off between response time and energy resolution Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

14 t eff = 3.8 ms With Wiener filter E = (0.113 ± 0.001) ev E = 2 2ln2 x E 2 1 x 1 Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

15 20X20 μm 2 =1570 nm L. Lolli, et al. J. Low Temp. Phys., vol. 167, pp , Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

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17 TiAu TES T c =301 mk m=7 3 phs =1535 nm QE khz means 3.65x10 6 photons/s (473 fw) Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

18 Fabrication of smaller TES Fast TES Deposition Ti on Si/SiN substrate by e-gun (10-9 mbarr) EBL Reactive ion etching Dimension 1 mm - 5 mm square Nb wiring by lift-off and rf sputtering 2mm 2 mm 1mm 1 mm 5 mm 5 mm Thickness Ti = 20 nm-30 nm Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

19 1 mm 1 mm t etf = 147ns ΔΕ FWHM = nm C. Portesi et al, IEEE Trans App Supercond, 25, 3, (2015) Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

20 more and more closer to the origin Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

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22 TES Photon number resolving detectors µm square TES: QE 50%, many photons resolution, slow (~10 µs) Cavities or Antireflection coating 1-2 µm square TES : QE<15% but faster (<1 µs) plasmonic antennas? Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

23 Fotorivelatori superconduttivi ad elettroni caldi per il VIS-IR -Realizzazione di STJ come rivelatori in regime di conteggio di fotoni per applicazioni astrofisiche E45 ( ) Rivelatori superconduttivi a transizione di fase per conteggio di singoli fotoni Quantum Candela ( ) INRIM e NMIJ-AIST ( ) Evaluation of photon statistics with photon number resolving detectors and correlated photon pair sources Progetto premiale P5 ( ) Oltre I limiti classici della misura NEW08 MetNEMS ( ) Metrology with/for NEMS Eugenio Monticone - Workshop on Axion Physics and Experiments /37

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