Supplement of Ice nucleators, bacterial cells and Pseudomonas syringae in precipitation at Jungfraujoch
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1 Supplement of Biogeosciences, 14, , doi: /bg supplement Author(s) CC Attribution 3.0 License. Supplement of Ice nucleators, bacterial cells and Pseudomonas syringae in precipitation at Jungfraujoch Emiliano Stopelli et al. Correspondence to: Emiliano Stopelli and Franz Conen The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the CC-BY 3.0 licence.
2 Supplemental Figure 1. Neighbour joining phylogenetic tree of the strains of P. syringae isolated from Jungfraujoch, constructed on the basis of partial sequences of the citrate synthase housekeeping gene (cts) and comparison with P. syringae reference strains. More information is provided in section 2.2 of the article. Origin (country, region) Substrate INA 1 HR 2 Ref 3 CFBP1392T Ps pv syringae CFBP1392 United Kingdom Syringa vulgaris -3 + c 72 41A from Prunus armeniaca JFJ JFJ A France (Rhône, 69) Prunus armeniaca NA + JFJ-0007 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a JFJ-0043 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a 90 M301072PT Ps pv japonica 96 CFBP2256 Ps pv atrofaciens M Japan (Tochigi) Hordeum vulgare + c CFBP2256 Greece Triticum aestivum -5 + c JFJ-0050 JFJ-0050 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a JFJ JFJ-0052 H5E1 Ps pv pisi 29 ISPave013 Ps pv avellanea 58 JFJ-0055 Phylogroup 2 JFJ-0054 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a JFJ-0052 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a H5E1 Japan (Wakayama) Pisum sativum NA NA ISPave013 Italy (central) Corylus avellana NA NA JFJ-0055 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a USA0035 PG02e MAFF302273PT Ps pv aceris B728a from Phaseolus vulgaris PsyCit7 PG02a USA0035 USA (Cascade creek) Stream water -5 + c MAFF USA Acer sp -2 + c B728A USA (Wisconsin) Phaseolus vulgaris -3 + c PsyCit7 USA (Visalia, California) Plant in Tech campus -4 + c PSS508 PG02c PSS508 USA (Geneva, New york) Malus pumila, leaf -7 c 71 PSS642 PG02c JFJ-0047 PSS642 USA (Virginia) Unidentified plant NA NA JFJ-0047 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow c CFBP7285 Ps pv actinidae CFBP7285 Italy (Veneto) Actinidia chinensis + c 73 K93001 Ps pv theae K93001 Japan (Kagoshima) Camellia sinensis NA NA 36 M Ps pv actinidae M Japan Actinidia deliciosa + c CFBP37 from Prunus cerasus CFBP37 United Kingdom Prunus cerasus + c M302280PT Ps pv morsprunorum M USA Prunus domestica + c 3B1 3B1 France (Puy de Dôme, 63) cloud water + b 22 JFJ JFJ JFJ-0061 BPIC6T P. avellanea JFJ Ps pv actinidifoliorum Phylogroup 1 JFJ-0045 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow + a JFJ-0039 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow + a JFJ-0061 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow + a BPIC6 Greece (Drama) Corylus NA avellana NA JFJ-0048 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow + a New Zealand (Motueka NelsonActinidia chinensis -4 c T1 Ps pv tomato T1 Canada Solanum lycopersicum NA NA 9 45 CFBP1573PT Ps pv persicae M Ps pv lachrymans 37 DC3000 Ps pv tomato 79 KN203 Ps pv maculicola CFBP1573 Italy snow -3 + c M USA Cucumis sativus c DC3000 United Kingdom Solanum lycopersicum + c KN203 Japan (Ibaraki) Brassica rapa NA NA c 32B74 32B74 France (Puy de Dôme, 63) cloud water + b MAFF PG03 Ps pv miricae MAFF Japan (Tokushima) Myrica rubra NA NA 81 9 MAFF3015 PG03 Ps pv lacrymans JFJ MAFF PG03 Ps pv mori 67 Pph1448A PG03 Ps pv phaseolicolae Phylogroup 3 MAFF3015 Japan Cucumis sativus NA NA JFJ-0008 Jungfraujoch snow (Switzerland) a MAFF Japan (Nagano) Morus alba -3 + c Pph1448A Ethiopia Phaseolus vulgaris + c CFBP2067 PG06 Phylogroup 6 CFBP2067 Mexico Helianthus annuus -5 + c 69 12B8 12B8 France (Puy de Dôme, 63) cloud water b B2 JFJ-0058 CC1629 PG04 CC1513 PG04 Phylogroup 4 13B2 France (Puy de Dôme, 63) cloud water b JFJ-0058 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow + a CC1629 USA (Bozeman, Montana) Avena sativa -3 + c CC1513 France (Col Vieux, 05) Hutchinsia alpina -3 + c 96 JFJ-0011 PmaES4326 PG05 Phylogroup 5 JFJ-0011 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a PmaES4326 NA Raphanus sativus c 30 JFJ USA0102 PG10a 85 JFJ-0051 JFJ-0053 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a USA0102 USA (Pilgrim creek) Stream water -5 + c JFJ-0051 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a 92 CCE0103 PG10a CCE0103 France (Ceillac, 05) Alpine meadow -5 + c 60 JFJ CC1583 PG10a JFJ-0040 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a CC1583 France (Col Vieux, 05) Epilithic biofilm -4 + c CCV0213 PG10g CCV0213 France (Vars, 05) Stream water -10 c JFJ JFJ B TA0003 PG10b 57 TA0019 PG10b Phylogroup 10 JFJ-0044 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a JFJ-0049 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a 36B1 France (Puy de Dôme, 63) cloud water b TA0003 France (Tarn, 48) Stream water + c TA0019 France (Tarn, 48) Stream water -4 + c CLA0275 PG10b CLA0275 France (Lautaret, 05) Litter -4 + c JFJ-0060 USA0032 PG10e JFJ-0060 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a USA0032 USA (Cascade creek) Stream water -5 + c 38B10 38B10 France (Puy de Dôme, 63) cloud water + b 15 CCE0153 PG10f CCE0153 France (Ceillac, 05) Stream water -8 + c CC1586 PG10c CCE0100 PG10d CC1586 USA (Hyalite Lake MT) Lake water -3 + c CCE0100 France (Ceillac, 05) Alpine meadow -4 + c 51 14B14 14B14 France (Puy de Dôme, 63) cloud water b JFJ JFJ-0056 PVCT P. viridiflava from Cichorium BS0002 P. viridiflava from Actinidia PV612 P. viridiflava from Cucumismelo Phylogroup 7 JFJ-0059 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a JFJ-0056 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a PVCT Italy Cichorium intybus + c BS0002 Italy (Brescia) Actinidia deliciosa c PV612 Greece (Tymbaki, Crete) Cucumis melo c 66 FMU107 PG07b FMU107 China Brassica rapa -5 variable c CMW0020 PG09c CMW0020 France (Caumont sur Duranc River water + c TA0006 PG09b CC1524 PG09a CC1532 PG09a 67 CC1417 PG09a Phylogroup 9 TA0006 France (Tarn, 48) Stream water + c CC1524 France (Col de Vars, 05) Stream water -10 c CC1532 France (Bès lake, 48) Lake water -10 c CC1417 USA (Gallatin Cy, MT) Epilithic biofilm c GAW0203 PG08 CMO0085 PG08 Phylogroup 8 GAW0203 France (Gadagane, 84) Irrigation canal water + c CMO0085 France (Montfavet, 84) Rain + c 83.1 PG11 CFBP4407 PG11 Phylogroup USA (Arizona) Plant + c CFBP4407 France (Lot-et-Garonne, 47) Lactuca sativa c GAW0112 PG12a GAW0113 PG12b Phylogroup 12 GAW0112 France (Gadagane, 84) Irrigation canal water c GAW0113 France (Gadagane, 84) Irrigation canal water c CCE0915 PG13a UB246 PG13a JFJ-0046 JFJ-0057 CCV0567 PG13b CLA0302 PG13b Phylogroup 13 CCE0915 France (Ceillac, 05) Litter -10 c UB246 France (Ubaye, 05) Stream water c JFJ-0046 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a JFJ-0057 Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) snow a + CCV0567 France (Vars, 05) Litter -10 c CLA0302 France (Lautaret, 05) Litter c PAO1 P. aeruginosa PAO1 NA Infected wound NA NA Pf-5 P. protegens Pf-5 USA Root surface of cotton NA NA 0.02
3 positive reaction negative reaction No data variable NA variable 1-3 INA refers to ice nucleation activity of suspensions of cells via immersion freezing. The reported values are the freezing onset temperature. INA is considered positive when the onset of freezing occurred at temperatures - 8 C. According to the reference: a- This study, 10 8 cells per ml in 9 NaCl, 200 µl per unit analysed, corresponding to ~ cells. b cells per reaction in water, References: Amato, P., Parazols, M., Sancelme, M., Laj, P., Mailhot, G., and Delort, A. M.: Microorganisms isolated from the water phase of tropospheric clouds at the Puy de Dôme: major groups and growth abilities at low temperatures, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 59, , doi: /j x, 2007; Joly, M., Attard, E., Sancelme, M., Deguillaume, L., Guilbaud, C., Morris, C. E., Amato, P., and Delort, A. M.: Ice nucleation activity of bacteria isolated from cloud water, Atmos. Environ., 70, , doi: /j.atmosenv , 2013; Vaïtilingom, M., Attard, E., Gaiani, N., Sancelme, M., Deguillaume, L., Flossmann, A. I., Amato, P., and Delort, A. M.: Long-term features of cloud microbiology at the Puy de Dôme (France), Atmos. Environ., 58, , doi: /j.atmosenv , c cells per reaction in water, Reference: Berge, O., Monteil, C. L., Bartoli, C., Chandeysson, C., Guilbaud, C., Sands, D. C., and Morris, C. E.: A user's guide to a data base of the diversity of Pseudomonas syringae and its application to classifying strains in this phylogenetic complex, PloS one, 9, e105547, doi: /journal.pone , Capacity to induce a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in tobacco indicative of the presence of a functional type III secretion system that is one of the fundamental traits usually required for pathogenicity of P. syringae to plants.
4 Supplemental Table 1. This table contains all most relevant field data collected at Jungfraujoch and reported in the paper. f V represents the fraction of residual water vapour in a precipitating air mass. More details on the calculation of all these parameters are reported at the Methods section in the article. Date of start sampling Start sampling (UTC) End sampling (UTC) Total bacteria (cells ml -1 ) Fraction living INPs -8 (ml -1 ) f V Wind speed (km h -1 ) Temperature ( C) Pseudomonas syringae (CFU L -1 ) h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h 06.00h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
5 h h h h h h h h h h h h h 12.00h h h h 4.00h h 4.00h h 10.00h h 16.00h h 4.00h h 10.00h h 15.30h h 12.00h h 01.00h h 13.45h h 6.30h h 4.00h h 13.00h
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