Di s abil i t y Act i on Pl an Accessi bi l i t y Pr ogr a mme

Transcription

1 Di s abil i t y Act i on Pl an Accessi bi l i t y Pr ogr a mme Executi ve Manage ment Co mmi t t ee 22 May 2013

2 Cont ent s Introducti on: t he UOC s commi t ment t o accessi bility... 2 Mai n a ct i onl i ne s Organi zati on and manage ment of accessi bility at t he UOC Adapt ati on ser vi ces for st udent s Awareness-r ai si ng and t r ai ni ng Occupati onal i nt egr ati on ser vi ces Web accessi bility Physi cal accessi bility

3 I nt r oduct i on: t he U OC s co mmi t me nt t o accessi bi l i t y From the start, the Uni ver si t at Obert a de Cat al unya ( UOC) has been commi tt ed t o t he soci al i ncl usi on of per sons wi t h di sabiliti es. Consequentl y, it has al ways sought t o f acilit at e access t o t he uni versity by anyone seeki ng t o be a part of t he diff er ent gr oups t hat make up i t s co mmuni t y ( st udent s, associ at e l ect ur er s, t eac hi ng st af f, and ad mi ni st r ati ve st af f). Thi s doc u ment r ef er s t o di sa bi l i ti es i n t he br oadest sens e, as opposed t o gover nment -ce rti fi ed di sa bi l i ties. Thi s i s bec aus e t he uni ver si t y ai ms t o f acilit at e t he aut ono my and i ndependence of all i ndi vi dual s by maki ng t he necessar y adapt ati ons t o it s wor kpl aces and i t s st udy met hods and t ool s wi t hout li miti ng it self stri ctl y to t hose r equi r ed f or peopl e whose di sabiliti es have been offi ci all y recogni zed. Wi t h r egar d t o t he student body, t hi s means st arti ng wi t h t he pr emi se t hat t he UOC s pri mar y goal i s t o meet t he l ear ni ng needs of al l st udent s, ma xi mi zi n gt h ei r access t o knowl edge. To achi eve t hi s, t he UOC has e mbr aced an educati onal model based on per sonali zati on and ongoi ng support f or st udents, above and beyond t he usual geogr aphi cal and scheduling constr ai nt s. The model i ntri nsi call y e mbr aces equal opport unit y wi t h r egar d t o access t o educati on and i s r ei nf or ced wi t h t he necessar y measur es t o enabl e t he uni versity t o meet it s student s specifi c educati onal needs. The UOC s commi t ment i s t hus t o f acilit at e educati on by adapti ng it self, t hr ough cust omi zati on and compr ehensi ve support, i n or der t o accommodat e peopl e s vari ous capaci ti es, t her eby ensuri ng t hat all st udent s can att ai n t he skill s t hey need t o ear n t hei r desi r ed degr ee. I n or der t o f urt her its co mmi t ment t o ensuring accessi bility, t he UOC cr eat ed t he Accessi bility Pr ogr amme, r un by t he Offi ce of Pl anni ng and Quality, t o i mpl ement t he gui deli nes and pri nci pl es appr oved on t hi s ar ea by t he Executi ve Manage ment Co mmi t t ee. Fur t her mor e, the programme will coordinate the activities of the f oll owi ng bodi es: - Ac c essi bi l i t y Benc h ma r ks Gr o u p - Co mmi t t ee f or Curri cul ar Adapt ati on The Ac c essi bi l i t y Benchmar ks Gr oup i s r esponsi bl e f or coor di nating t he t asks of t he diff er ent t eams and exchangi ng i nf or mation. It s me mb er s will ser ve as li ai sons f or t hei r r especti ve ad mi ni strati ve or acade mi c depart ment s. I t i s c o mpr i se d of r epr esent ati ves of t he ad mi ni str ati ve and t eachi ng st aff t ea ms. The Co mmi tt ee f or Curri cul ar Adapt ati on i s t asked wi t h handli ng si gni fi cant curri cul ar adapt ati ons on a case- by- base basi s f or t hose st udent s f or who m i t i s dee med necessar y. 2

4 The Di sability Acti on Pl an l ai d out her e wi l l be v al i df rom 2013 t o 2014 and buil ds on t he wor k t hat t he Uni versit y has conduct ed t o dat e i n t hi s ar ea. Specifi call y, si nce 2009, sever al mechani s ms f or debat e and i nt er nal coor di nati on have been est abli shed, whi ch have gi ven ri se t o t he pr oposed acti ons set out her ei n. Pr ecedent s f or t hi s pl an t hus i ncl ude t he r eport s sub mi tt ed t o t he Gover ni ng Council i n 2009 by t he now def unct Accessi bility Co mmi tt ee (repl aced by t he Ac c essi bi l i t y Bench mar ks Gr oup), whi ch anal ysed t he curr ent st at e of t he uni ver sity s handli ng of accessi bility i ssues, and an i niti al acti on proposal ( bot h of whi ch wer e appr oved by t he Gover ni ng Council, on 18 Mar ch and 25 Nove mber 2009, r especti vel y). The first t angi bl e r esults of t hi s debat e wer e t he 2011 and 2012 acti on ti met abl es appr oved by t he St r at egi c Co mmi t t ee on Accessi bi li t y. The pur pose of t hi s Di sability Acti on Pl an i s t o pr ovi de t he uni versity wit h a cl ear framewor k i n whi ch t o carry out its mi ssi on and exe mplif y its val ues, est abli shi ng t he necessar y gui deli nes t o achi eve a mor e i ncl usi ve uni ver si t y t hat pr o mot es t he soci al and occupati onal i nt egr ati on of per sons wit h di sabiliti es. Consequentl y, t he pl an i s di rectl y r el at ed t o t he Uni versit y s Or gani zati onal and Op er ati onal Regul ati ons ( UOC/a/comunitat/nor mes_uoc/nor mes_organitzacio.ht ml #missi o). Specifi call y, it i s r el at ed t o: - The uni ver si t y s mi ssi on, i nsof ar as i t st at es t hat t he UOC seeks t o f acilit at[ e] uni ver sal access t o educati on t hr ough an educati onal desi gn t hat i s based on per sonal i zati on and co mpr ehensi ve ment ori ng. - The guiding principles according to which the missi on i s t o be i mpl ement ed, one of whi ch i s t o provi de lif el ong trai ni ng i n accor dance wi t h per sonal needs. - Art. 32, whi ch r eads, The UOC shall ensur e t hat all gr oups of st udent s and ot her me mber s of t he uni ver si t y co mmuni t y wi t h di sa bi liti es have equal opport uniti es, and it i s co mmi tt ed t o maki ng t he ut most eff ort t o i nt egr at e t hose peopl e who, f or di sa bi li t y r easons of any ki nd, have not yet been abl e t o access it s st udi es. It i s al so r el at ed t o t he UOC s St r at egi c Pl an ( htt p:// cv. uoc. edu/ UOC/ a/i ntrauoc/ docs/ act ualit at/rr hh/ docs/ PLA_ENG. pdf ). Specifi call y, it i s rel at ed t o: - The s ecti on on v al ues, whi ch st at es t hat one of t he UOC s val ues i s Openness and t hat the uni versity i s Open t o peopl e, i deas, cultur es, and t he worl d i n gener al. Open t o t he environ ment i t oper at es i n, t o str engt heni ng it s pr esence i n soci et y, and t o pr omoti ng well-bei ng. Th e UOC i s str ongl y i n f avour of open cont ent, accessi bility, mobility, and fl exi bl e pr ogr a mmes. 3 Ex ecuti ve Manage ment Co mmi tt ee 22 May 2013

5 - Acti on 3 of Oper ati onal Goal 1. 3 under t he st r at egi c pri ori t y on t r ai ni ng: To i mpr ove accessi bility to t he Vi rt ual Ca mpus and enhance t he per sonali zati on and adapt ati on of t hi s ca mpus t o user s needs. Wi t h t he appr oval of t hi s di sa bi l i t y acti on pl an, t he UOC ai ms t o f ul fil i t s l egal obl i gati ons under cur r ent l egi sl ati on: t he t we nt y-f ourt h addi ti onal pr ovi si on of Or gani c Law 6/ 2001, of 21 Dece mber, concer ni ng uni ver siti es ( Ley Or gáni ca de Uni ver si dades, LOU); and t he f ourt h and sevent h additi onal pr ovi si ons of Or gani c Law 4/ 2007, of 12 April, whi ch a me n ds t he L OU. Fi nall y, it shoul d be not ed t hat t hi s pl an al so dr aws on t he pri nci pl es of t he Uni t ed Nati ons Conventi on on t he Ri ght s of Persons wi t h Di sabiliti es and on t he recommendati ons set out by t he Worl d Health Or gani zati on i n it s Worl d Report on Di s abil i t y ( htt p:// www. who.i nt/ di sabiliti es/ worl d_r eport/ 2011/ en/i ndex. ht ml ), whi ch ar e det ai l ed bel o w: Reco mmendati on 1: Enabl e access t o all mai nstream poli ci es, syst ems and ser vi ces - The UOC must adhere t o uni ver sal desi gn crit eri a, ensuri ng t hat all it s ser vi ces ar e gener al l y accessi bl e f r o mt he st art. Reco mmendati on 2: I nvest i n speci fi c pr ogra mmes and ser vi ces f or peopl e wi t h di sa bi l i ti es - Even when uni versal desi gn crit eri a ar e f ollowed, t her e will al ways be a need t o off er specifi c ser vi ces and adapt ati ons f or peopl e wit h di sabiliti es. To enabl e t hi s, t he necessar y r esour ces must be ma d e avai l abl e. Rec o mme n dation 3: Adopt a nati onal di sabi l i ty st r at egy and pl an of act i on - The UOC must have acti on pl ans t o i mprove accessi bility and suffi ci ent i nsti t uti onal co mmi t me nt t o car r y t he m out. Rec o mme ndat i on 4: I nvol ve peopl e wi t h di sabi liti es - The UOC must mai nt ai n const ant and fl ui d cont act wi t h per sons wi t h di sabiliti es t o ensur e that t he uni ver sity i s adequat el y meeti ng t heir needs. Thi s means mai nt ai ni ng cont act wi t h t he gr oup of UOC st udent s, e mpl oyees and t e mpor ar y st af f wi t h di sabi l i ti es, as well as wit h associ ati ons and net works i n t he sect or. Reco mmendati on 5: Impr ove hu man r esource capaci t y 4

6 - The UOC st aff must be tr ai ned t o pr ovi de a suit abl e l evel of ser vi ce t o t he me mb er s of t hi s gr oup. Rec o mme ndat i on 6: Pr ovi de adequat e f undi ng and i mpr ove af f or dabi li t y - The UOC must make i mpr ovi ng accessi bility and ser vi ce f or peopl e wi t h di sa bi li ti es a cl ear pri ori t y. Thi s can be s ho wn by al l ocati ng suf fi ci ent r esour ces t o t he i ssue and by ensuri ng t hat peopl e wit h di sabiliti es have equal opport uni ti es t o access t he uni ver si t y. Reco mmendati on 7: I ncr ease publi c awar eness and under st andi ng of di sability - Awar eness-r ai si ng actions shoul d be carri ed out t o ensur e t hat UOC st aff t ake accessi bi lit y i nt o acc ount when car r yi ng out t hei r duti es. Rec o mme ndat i on 8: Impr ove di sabi l i t y dat a col l ecti on - The pr ocessi ng and manage ment of t he dat a t hat t he UOC has on t hi s gr oup must be i mpr oved t o assur e t he qual i t y of t he ser vi ce it of f er s th e m. Reco mmendati on 9: Str engt hen and support resear ch on di sabi l i t y - The uni versity must promot e r esear ch and i nnovati on ai med at i ncr easi ng knowl edge on how best t o ser ve peopl e wi t h di sabiliti es i n t he cont ext of t he UOC, a di st ance uni ver sit y based on t he i nt ensi ve use of t echnol ogy. 5

7 Mai n a ct i onl i ne s Li ne 1. Li ne 2. Li ne 3. Li ne 4. Li ne 5. Li ne 6. Or gani zati on and manage ment of accessi bi li ty at t he UOC Adapt ati on ser vi ces Awar eness-raising and training Oc c upati onal i nt egr ati on ser vi ces Onli ne accessi bility Phy si cal acc ess i bi l i t y 6

8 Acti ons 1. Organi zati on and manage ment of accessi bility at t he UOC Revi ew how t he dat a on st udent s wi t h specifi c educati onal needs ar e pr ocessed, t o ensur e co mpl i ance wi t h curr ent dat a pr ot ecti on l aw. Responsi bl e body: Legal Of fi ce/i nf or mat i on Sys t e ms depar t me nt Cr eat i on of an i nf or med consent f or mf or t he us e of dat a on di sabi l i ties. Responsi bl e body: Legal Of fi ce/i nf or mat i on Sys t e ms depar t me nt Ensur e t hat t he UOC s st udent ser vi ces ar e abl e t o meet t he se r vi ce needs of st udent s wi t h di sabiliti es i n accor dance wi th t he est abli shed ser vi ce l evel s. Responsi bl e body: St udent depar t me nt Co ns ol i dat e t he Accessi bi li t y Pr ogr a mme wi t hi n t he or gani zati onal st r uct ur e so as t o enabl e it t o t ake on t he f uncti ons appr oved by t he Gover ni ng Counci l. Responsi bl e body: St rat egi c Co mmi tt ee on Acc essi bi lit y St udy t he opti on of obt ai ni ng ext er nal f undi ng t o carry out diff er ent acti ons t o i mpr ove t he uni ver si t y s accessi bi lit y Assess t he r esul t s of the acti ons pr oposed i n t hi s li ne. 7

9 2. Adaptation services for students Wor k wi t h s mall gr oups of st udent s wi t h di sabiliti es and st udent s over t he age of 65 i n or der t o gai n a mor e nuanced under st andi ng of t hei r needs and opi ni ons wi t h r egar d t o t hei r experi ence st udyi ng at t he UOC. Responsi bl e body: Office of Lear ni ng Technol ogi es De a dl i ne: Fi r stse me st er 2013 Obser vati ons: Conduct i nt ervi ews t o det er mi ne t he needs of st udent s over t he age of 65 when i nter acti ng wi t h t he UOC s Vi rt ual Ca mpus. Deadli ne: Second semest er 2013 Observations: Interview and conduct usability tests wi t h st udent s wi t h mot or, heari ng and cogni ti ve di sabi li ti es Col l ect r el i abl e dat a and obt ai n a st ati sti cal pr ofi l e of st udent s wi t h di sabiliti es and st udents over t he age of 65 at t he UOC. Col l ect dat a on t he acade mi c perf or mance of t hi s gr oup of st udents. Responsi bl e body: Of fi ce f or Pl anni ng and Qual i t y Di ssemi nat e i nf or mation about t he ser vi ces t he UOC off ers peopl e wi t h di sabiliti es a mongst the r el evant associ ati ons and or gani zati ons so t hat t hey can pass it on t o thei r me mber s. Deadli ne: June Sub mi t r ul es of pr ocedur e f or t he Co mmi tt ee on Curri cul ar Adapt ati on t o t he St r at e gi c Co mmi t t ee on Ac c e ssi bi li t y f or appr ov al. Responsi bl e body: Commi t t ee on Curri cul ar Adapt ati on Deadl i ne: Nove mber 2013 Obser vati ons: These r ul es of pr ocedur e must cl earl y est abli sh when t he co mmi tt ee will act, at whose r equest, how t hese r equest s will be made, how t he acti on t o be carried out by t he co mmi tt ee will be appr oved, how i t s deci si ons wi ll be co mmuni cat ed, t he bi ndi ng or non- bi ndi ng nat ur e of t hes e deci si ons f or t he r est of t he i nstit uti on, and how t he i nf or mation and document ati on r el at ed t o t he cases handl ed by t he co mmi tt ee wi ll be managed Appr ove a case r eport t empl at e f or t he cases handl ed by t he Co mmi tt ee on Curri cul ar Adapt ati on Responsi bl e body: Commi t t ee on Curri cul ar Adapt ati on 8

10 Obser vati ons: Pr epar e a document f or r ecordi ng and i nf or mi ng i nt er est ed parti es of t he acti ons to be carri ed out i n r elati on t o each case handl ed by t he Co mmi t t ee f or Curr i cul ar Adapt ati on Assess t he r esul t s of the acti ons pr oposed i n t hi s li ne. De adl i ne: Dece mber

11 3. Awar eness-r ai si ng and t r ai ni ng Ensur e t hat t he necessar y trai ni ng/i nf or mati on on how t o act wit h st udent s wi t h di sabi l i ti es i s pr ovi ded t o associ at ed t eachi ng st af f. Responsi bl e body: Ac a d e mi c Ser vi c e s department Of f er t r ai ni ng t hr oughout t he durati on of t he pl an Consoli dat e t he exi st ence of di sability trai ni ng acti ons i n t he cat al ogue f or t he annual i nt er nal tr aini ng pl an and ensur e t hat t hey ar e f oll owed by t hose me mber s of t he uni versity s st aff ( admi ni strati ve and t eachi ng st af f ) who pr ovi de ser vi ces di r ectl y t o user s/ st udent s. Responsi bl e body: Personnel depart ment Thr oughout t he dur ati on of t he pl an Co ns ol i dat e t he exi st ence of t r ai ni ng acti ons on websi t e accessi bility i n t he cat al ogue f or t he annual i nt er nal trai ni ng pl an and ensur e t hat they ar e f oll owed by t he r el evant me mber s of t he uni versit y s st aff. Responsi bl e body: Personnel depart ment Thr oughout t he dur ati on of t he pl an Carry out awar eness-r ai si ng acti ons f or i nt er nal st af f ( ad mi ni st r ati ve and t eachi ng st af f ). Responsi bl e body: Personnel depart ment Thr oughout t he dur ati on of t he pl an Pr o mot e t he inclusion of the principles of universal accessibility and design f or al l i n t eachi ng co nt ent Responsi bl e body: Of fi ce f or Pl anni ng and Qual i t y Thr oughout t he dur ati on of t he pl an Assess t he r esul t s of the acti ons pr oposed i n t hi s li ne. 10

12 Accessi bility Programme 4. Occupati onal i nt egrati on ser vi ces Wor k t o ensur e t he accessi bi li t y of t he co nt ent i n t he Joi n our t eam space. Responsi bl e body: Personnel depar t me nt Ens ur e t he accessi bi li ty of t he I nt r auoc f or t he UOC s own st af f. Responsi bl e body: Commu ni cati on depart ment Incl ude accessi bility crit eri a i n t he desi gn and cr eati on of t he manage ment t ool s used by t he uni versit y s own st af f. Responsi bl e body: I nf or mat i on Sy st e ms depart ment Obser vati ons: I n 2012, specifi cati ons and contr act s wer e a mended t o i ncl ude t he r equi r ement f or UOC pr oj ect s involving ma n age me nt t ool s f or i nt ernal use t o conf orm t o Level Doubl e- A of t he W3C s Web Cont ent Accessi bility Gui deli nes. Gui des wer e al so pr ovi ded li sti ng t he t ool s t o be used t o ensur e t hat appli cati ons achi eve t hi s conf or mance. In 2013, pr ocesses must be i ntroduced t hat ensur e t hat t he uni ver sit y s pr ovi der s t ake acc essi bi l i t y cri t eri a i nt o acc ount when dev el opi ng Assess t he r esul t s of the acti ons pr oposed i n t hi s li ne. 11

13 5. We b accessi bility Dr aft gener al r ul es f or t he cont ent edi t or s used by cont ent manager s. A di ff er ent ver si on shoul d be dr aft ed f or each edi ti ng t ool used, so as t o f acilit at e t he accessi bl e use of each one. Responsi bl e body: Of fi ce of Lear ni ng Tec hnol ogi es Deadl i ne: fi r st dr aft of the gui de, Mar ch 2013; fi nal versi on, December 2013 The uni ver si t y shoul d fi r st det er mi ne whi ch cont ent ma nager sys t e ms ar e used at t he UOC. It shoul d t hen cr eat e a gui de t o one of t hese CMSs, to be followed by guides to the others later Co mpil e a li st of and sel ect aut o mat i c t ool s t o al l o w pr oj ect ma n a g er s t o conduct a mi ni mu m revi ew of t he accessi bility of fr ont ends sent by pr ovi ders, pl aci ng e mphasi s on ease of use and cl arity of t he r esult s obt ai ned. Responsi bl e body: Of fi ce of Lear ni ng Tec hnol ogi es De adl i ne: compil ati on of t ool s, 2013; pr oposal of t ool s t o be used, Dec e mb er 2014 Obser vati ons: I n 2013, t he t ool s will be sought and t est ed wit h pil ot pr oj ect s. Thi s st udy wi ll yi el d a pr oposed li st of t ool s t hat can be used t o conduct t hi s anal ysi s Dr aft gener al r ul es f or editi ng vi deos and any ot her multi medi a cont ent i n gener al. Cri t eri a must be est abl i shed f or det er mi ni ng when i t wi l l not be necessar y t o make t hi s cont ent entirel y accessi bl e. Responsi bl e body: Of fi ce of Lear ni ng Tec hnol ogi es Deadli ne: Fi nal docu ment, Mar ch 2014 Obser vati ons: I n 2013, exi sti ng gui des will be sought out and st udi ed. They wi ll be used t o pr opose t he crit eri a t o be f oll owed by t he UOC. As of 31 Dece mber 2014, all new mul ti medi a cont ent must meet t he accessi bility cri t eri a set out i n t he UOC s o wn gui de Make r eco mmendati ons on fil e t ypes and t hei r accessi bility. Responsi bl e body: Of fi ce of Lear ni ng Tec hnol ogi es Deadli ne: Anal ysi s, Febr uar y 2013; gui des, Dece mber Obser vati ons: Ther e ar e many ki nds of files. The UOC shoul d t hus first det er mi ne whi ch ones ar e curr entl y bei ng used i n it s cl assr ooms. Based on t hi s anal ysi s, t he necessar y gui des f or cr eati ng accessi bl e document s i n each f or mat can be draft ed. At pr esent, t here i s al ready a gui de t hat cover s vari ous f or mat s, such a s Wor d, et c. (ht t p: // www. udl. cat / ser vei s/ seu/ UdLxt ot ho m/ r ec ur sos/ gui es. ht ml ). 12

14 5. 5. Def i ne a met hod f or anal ysi ng accessi bi li t y. Responsi bl e body: Of fi ce of Lear ni ng Tec hnol ogi es Deadl i ne: Defi ned met hod, Mar ch 2014 Obser vati ons: I n 2013, t he met hods t hat mi ght be used t o anal yse a pr oj ect will be st udi ed and a si ngl e met hod t o be f oll owed will be pr oposed. As of 31 December 2014, all new proj ects must followt hi s met hod Def i ne a pr ocess f or r evi ewi ng accessi bi lit y. Responsi bl e body: Of fi ce of Lear ni ng Tec hnol ogi es Deadli ne: Defi ned pr ocess, 2014 Obser vati ons: Once t he met hods and t ool s have been det er mi ned, a pr ocess can be defi ned t o anal yse t he envi r on ment Ma k e s peci fi c i mpr ove ment s t o t hose i nf ormati onal ar eas of t he Vi rt ual Ca mpus r el at ed t o t he enr ol ment pr ocess so as t o ensur e bett er ac c essi bi l i t y. Responsi bl e body: St udent depar t me nt I mpr ove acc essi bi li t y i n t he cl assr oo m. Responsi bl e body: Of fi ce of Lear ni ng Tec hnol ogi es I mpr ove t he accessi bility of t he Quer y Ser vi ce wi t hi n t he fr amewor k of t he Ser vi ce Syst e m Upgr ade pr oj ect. Responsi bl e body: St udent depar t me nt Revi ew of t he websi te s accessi bility and corr ecti on of t he most seri ous pr obl ems. Responsi bl e body: I nf or mat i on Sy st e ms depart ment Obser vati ons: The f or mal aspect s of t he cont ent of t he we bsit e s di ff er ent el e me nt s ( except f or St udy at t he UOC and i ndependent websit es) will be revi ewed t o ensur e maxi mu m Level Doubl e-a Conf or mance. Thi s i ncl udes revi ewi ng t he HTML and CSS, t he use of accessi bl e el ement s, i mages, li nks, col our pat t er ns and accessi bl e edi t or s ( CKEdi t or), and a gui de wi t h r eco mme ndat i ons f or user edi t or s usi ng OpenC MS Assess t he r esul t s of the acti ons pr oposed i n t hi s li ne. 13

15 6. Physi cal accessi bility Ensur e t he conti nuous i mpr ove ment of t he accessi bility of t he UOC s bui l di ngs and f aci li ti es, i n accor dance wi t h cur r ent l egi sl ati on. Responsi bl e body: Deput y Manager f or Admi ni strati on Obser vati ons: Conduct an ongoi ng monitori ng pr ocess t hr oughout t he peri od Assess t he r esul t s of the acti ons pr oposed i n t hi s li ne. 14