ISSUES MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN THE WESTERN BRANCH OF THE AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM: CASE OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO

Transcription

1 ISSUES MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN THE WESTERN BRANCH OF THE AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM: CASE OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO BY KASEREKA MAHINDA Célestin Geophysist Secrétaire Permanent, Développement des Ressources Géothermiques, Nord Kivu, DRC Scientific Director of Goma Volcano Observatory «GVO» Tél , On behalf of Colleagues and Members of North Kivu Geothermal Team Prof Anselme, Jules S, Yalire M, Espérance K, Roger N, ADDIS ABABA, November 3, 2016

2 CONTENTS: I. Summary II. Introduction - The planet and the population - DRC's position relative to other countries in Africa - Eastern DRC and Geothermal Potential - Seismicity of the DRC III. Lake Kivu Basin and the Virunga region IV. Current scientific observations of the Lake Kivu Basin V. Project/Future

3 SUMMARY: This presentation will focuses mostly on the Lake Kivu basin where a network of seismic observations as well, monitoring of ground deformations and studies of magnetism exists respectively since the years 1953, 2003, Some geochemical data which needed to be updated are available in our data base Due to the preliminary present geophysical, geoch and geological data, the geothermal site of Kisuma, 74 km from west part of Goma ( capital city of the North Kivu) is main focus of our project,

4 La planet Earth Evolution of the population? World RDC More than 72% of the surface the Earth occupied by water. The culture system occupies today ¼ of the planet ,52 billion ,77 billion ,02 billion ,34 billion ,70 billion ,07billion ,44 billion ,84billion ,28billion ,69 billion ,09 billion ,46billion ,80 billion ,24 billion Finding: population growth follows the geometrical projection (2X2X2X2...) while increasing resources to meet human needs following the logic of arithmetic projection ( ).

5 Reference to the Declaration of Human Rights and the Citizen of June 24, 1793, France (only some aspects): The Planet is the common property The air, water, land, energy, forestry, food sources... are the common property of living beings. To deprive them is a barbaric act. The five facilities or basic needs are the Food, Cares, Shelter, Water, Sanitation. All of those things required Energy, The aim of the society is the common happiness; Public assistance is a sacred debt, Society owes subsistence to unfortunate citizens Expression of views/facts is the need of all. The Community must make all for the progress of public reason and put education within the reach of all citizens

6 DRC and neighboring countries Area: 2,345,095 km² Population: hab (July 2016) Density: / km² Life expectancy: 51, 46 (2015) improved infrastructure: 20.5% Access to Electricity: 10% Literacy rate: 63, 82% Death rate: 13.27% DRC surrounded by 9 countries: Republic of Central Africa, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia, Angola, Brazzaville

7 Countries Population Area Density DRC hab (july 2016) km² 37,05 hab/km 2 RCA hab (2015) km 2 8,65 hab/km 2 South Soudan hab (2015) km 2 19,43 hab/km 2 Ouganda hab (2014) km 2 159,50 hab/km 2 Rwanda hab (2015) km 2 425,20 hab/km 2 Burundi hab (2015) km 2 388,48 hab/km 2 Tanzanie hab (2014) km 2 52,52 hab/km 2 Zambie hab (2016) km 2 20,69 hab/km 2 Angola hab (August 1st, 2016) km 2 21,82 hab/km 2 Republic of Congo hab (2015) km 2 13,66 hab/km 2 Source: World Bank, Web site

8 KIRINGYE-KATOBWE IDENTIFIED SITES (update) KANKULEI 72 C SURFACE TEMPERATURE KANKULE II 68,5 C Maziba 40 C Kankule Mahyuza 68.4 C 65.5 C UVIRA 44 C NYANGEZI 40 C KISUMA 39 C Mai ya Moto Site I 93,7 C KAMBO/KASINDI 40 C MUTSORA 43 C MASAMBO 57 C KILE MBE//UGANDA 46 C

9 Location of the hot springs in D.R.Congo Seismological network digital and analogic). Seismicity in R.D. Congo , +: Seismic stations

10 LAKE KIVU BASIN AND VIRUNGA VOLCANIC ZONE

11 Makera Maj ya Moto Rwindi The water sampling Bukomo Nyamulagira Kisuma Tingi Kisuma Spring Sake Mubambiro Nyiragongo Kihira Rukore Lac Vert Kabuno Bay Kaputembo Musholosa Goma Ls Lake Kivu Lc R Rambo Cap Rubona Rukore Mpenge Nyagatembe Mbizi Thermal and mineral water Cold water Lake water Legend Rift limits Main regional faults Kabuno Bay Active volcanic centres Mayhuza Kankule I & II

12 Nyiragongo volcano, Augst 16, 2016 GVO-DRC Nyiragongo volcano, October 29, 2016 GVO-DRC

13 Goma Volcano Observatory «GVO» NETWORK ( )

14 6.5 M M-T Année

15 Short summary of seismic activities in lake Kivu basin 1. Since 1997 the lake Kivu basin became seismically very active. 2. Many earthquakes are felt by local people, very recent with M 4,6 on October 24, 2016 at 23h30 (UT) between Cyangungu/Rwanda and Bukavu/DRC. 3. Very high volcanic activities were observed in the Virunga volcanic region located at the northern end of the lake. 4. On October 24, 2002, an earthquake of magnitude M w =6.2 struck the basin, killing 12 people and causing many damages on the houses. 5. On February 3rd, 2008, another earthquake with magnitude m b = 6.1 occurred near the big city of Bukavu people were killed in D.R. Congo and 39 in Rwanda. - About 1,000 people injured in D.R. Congo and Rwanda. - A lot of damages were recorded on houses,buildings,bridges,dam - Increasing and/or decreasing of some hot springs sources 6. On August 7th, 2015, another earthquake with magnitude m b = 5,8 occurred near the big city of Bukavu and Cyangungu with almost the same effects than the 2008 earthquake

16 Hot spring dried after the February 3rd, 2008 earthquake. Hot spring flow increased after Feb. 3, 2008 earthquake.

17 Glissement des paillotes de l hôtel La Roche dans le lac

18 Collapsed house with two levels at Bukavu city Nkaka catholic church in Rwanda

19 Subsidence at Goma port (37 cm), Gisenyi (5 cm), cm, during the 2002 Nyiragongo eruption

20 CURRENT OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS This paper focuses more on the Lake Kivu basin where a network of seismic observations as well, monitoring of ground deformations and studies of magnetism exists respectively since the years 1953, 2003, From GPS (Hamaguchi, ) The North-South (NS) and East-West (EW) direction of the Western rift branch change of about 1 cm per year in the lake Kivu basin..from the October 2002, February 2008, August 2015 earthquakes a) The earthquake occurred amid the morning service at a church, where the steeple was collapsed or damaged by shakings. b) Large buildings such as school, church and hospital were mainly made with bricks and their earthquake-resistances seemed to be very weak. c) Children taking lake water at the lake shore were attacked by sudden jerk of water disturbance called Tsunami d) Mahyuza hot springs water disappeared for some points and for others the volume of water increased.

21 SEISMOLOGY TEAM Monitoring of magmatic activity of the Virunga volcanoes and the western branch of the East African rift system in real time (acquisition of data every 4 minutes), since October 12, 2016

22 GEOTHERMAL PROJECT WHY DO THE PROJECT TODAY? LEGAL SUPPORT WHAT DO WE? YOU HAVE EXPERTS? HAVE FINANCIAL RESOURCES?

23 NORTH KIVU PROVINCE Area: 59,631 km2 Population 7,500,000 Density 124 hab/km2 Access to Electricity: 3.9%

24 Makera Maj ya Moto Rwindi The water sampling KISUMA SITE S E: Altitude: 1796 m. Bukomo Nyamulagira Kisuma Tingi Kisuma Spring Sake Mubambiro Nyiragongo Kihira Rukore Lac Vert Kabuno Bay Kaputembo Musholosa Goma Ls Lake Kivu Lc R Rambo Cap Rubona Rukore Mpenge Nyagatembe Mbizi Thermal and mineral water Cold water Lake water Legend Rift limits Main regional faults Kabuno Bay Active volcanic centres Mayhuza Kankule I & II

25 Kisuma hot spring, October 24th, 2016 Espérance and Roy-CPDRG S , E , Altitude: 1796 m, temperature 39 C THANKS, ASANTENI, MERCI