TOM NEWBY SCHOOL EXAMINATION

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1 1 TOM NEWBY SCHOOL EXAMINATION Subject Geography Examiner Miss M Albertyn Date 15 June 2017 Total marks 75 Session 1 Duration 1½ hours Grade 7 Moderator Mrs W Pienaar Special instructions/ Equipment This Exam has been compiled using notes and information contained in the Tom Newby School book. The marking memorandum has been compiled accordingly. While alternative responses will be given due acknowledgement, the official memorandum will be considered a priority document to ensure uniformity of marking. Instructions Read the questions carefully. Look at the mark allocation. Answer all the questions and work neatly. Rule off after each section. Take your time. Breathe, relax and all of the best! NAME: CLASS: 7 QUESTION A MAPWORK [25] 1. State which map uses a small scale map, and explain why. [2] Map A Map B From:PHILIP S Foundation Atlas page 3

2 2 2. Refer to the map below and answer the questions that follow: From: Oxford Junior Atlas for South Africa page 7 Use the 16 compass points. In which direction will you be travelling from: a) the lighthouse to the airport? (1) b) the hotel to the nearest train station? (1) c) the hut to Elangeni Station? (1) d) the maize fields to the sugar cane fields? (1) e) Klipspringer Station to the airport? (1)

3 3 3. Show your working out. If the road was absolutely straight, what would the distance (in kms) be from: a. the clinic at Whale Bay to Klipspringer Station? (2) b. the hut to Elangeni Station? (2) c. the airport to the hotel? (2) d. the hotel to the synagogue? (2) 4. Why do you think they put bus stops so close to the sugar cane and maize fields? (1) 5. Study the map below and answer the following questions. a) Name the countries with the following co-ordinates: i. 20 S 30 E (1) ii. 25 N 10 W (1) iii E (1) b) Give the co-ordinates for i. Ethiopia (2) ii. Ivory Coast (2) iii. Tunisia (2)

4 4 QUESTION B MATCH THE COLUMNS [8] Match the columns by writing the correct letter next to each number, e.g. 1c 1. magma a. mantle km thick b. shock waves that move outwards 3. dormant c. transform 4. seismic waves d. earthquakes 5. probably made out of iron and e. molten material deep inside the Earth nickel 6. plates move past each other f. divergent 7. lava g. molten material that erupts onto the Earth s surface 8. tectonic plates h. volcanoes i. core QUESTION C [12] 1. Draw a Quake-proof house and label the 4 most important features needed for the house to withstand an earthquake. (5) 2. Around which ocean is the Ring of Fire found and why is it called the Ring of Fire? (2) 3. Name 2 International organizations that assist with food, shelter, medical services and rescue workers after a country has been badly affected by an earthquake. (2) 4. One way to reduce the impact of earthquakes is to build quake proof structures. What do you think are 3 other important things our government should put in place if we started having regular earthquakes in South Africa? (3) QUESTION D TRUE OR FALSE [8] State whether the following statements are true or false. If false, correct the statement. 1. A seismograph is used to measure how strong an earthquake is. 2. Usually, it is the poorest people who suffer the most from natural disasters. 3. 1cm on a map represents 25 km. If the distance measured between two places is 4,7 cm, the distance in kilometres will be 1175 km. 4. Convection currents are circular movements of material in the crust. 5. Grid lines are vertical and horizontal lines drawn on a map.

5 5 SECTION E CASE STUDY [17] Read the news article below about the Haiti earthquake and answer the following questions. 1. Explain what caused the earthquake. (2) 2. Explain the meaning of the following words underlined in the news article. a) Earthquake b) Richter Scale c) Epicentre d) Geologist (4) 3. List 3 ways in which the earthquake affected the people of Haiti. (3) 4. Suggest 3 reasons why the Haiti quake was so destructive. (3) 5. Refer to paragraph 5: Cholera affected many survivors, sadly killing many. Explain what the cause of this was. (1) 6. There is an old saying: Earthquakes don t kill people, buildings do. Explain what you think is meant by this saying (1) 7. Recommend 3 things you think the people of Haiti would have needed in the days after the earthquake. (3) Haiti Quake Tragedy Port-au-Prince, Haiti: 12 January, 2010: Time: 16:53 At 16:53, the poorest nation in the western hemisphere was shaken by a massive earthquake measuring 7,0 on the Richter Scale. It was the worst quake to hit Haiti in over 200 years. The epicentre of the quake was 25km southwest of the capital, Port-au-Prince (population: 2 million). Apart from the strength of the quake, it was also very close to the surface, making its effects worse. The quake struck as many workers and students were leaving the crowded capital city at the end of the day. More than houses and offices and shops collapsed, crushing people inside and on the streets. Wellbuilt buildings as well as poorly made homes collapsed. The National Palace,

6 cathedral, government offices, hotels, hospitals, schools and the prison were all destroyed. It is difficult to know the exact death toll, but it is officially over Thousands of people have been buried in mass graves. One resident cried: buildings were falling down thousands of people were in the streets, crying, carrying bloodied bodies, looking for someone to help them Haiti s First Lady, Elisabeth Préval said, I m stepping over dead bodies the general hospital has collapsed. We need support. We need help. Hours after the quake and several aftershocks, people could hear buildings still crumbling down. What caused this devastating quake? Close to Port-au-Prince, under Earth s surface, the Caribbean plate pushed against the neighbouring North American plate along a fault line. This triggered off a massive earthquake. Geologists estimate that there have been about 12 massive quakes in the Caribbean region in the last 500 years due to plate movement. The days after the quake were made worse as Haiti does not have a public sewage system and many children are not vaccinated against diseases. The drinking water system was also destroyed. Survivors were crammed into refugee camps without sanitation. Cholera affected many survivors, sadly killing many. The International community, including the Red Cross, came to Haiti s aid offering medical teams and supplies, food, water, rescue experts and earth-moving machinery. The residents of Port-au-Prince, along with the world s help, need to start rebuilding. From: Earle,J Social Sciences Today Grade 7 6 QUESTION F PARAGRAPH [5] Injury and loss of lives are examples of the effects of an earthquake. Write a paragraph, explaining what the other effects of earthquakes are. Ensure you include at least 5 facts PLEASE CHECK YOUR WORK! HAVE A WONDERFUL HOLIDAY!

7 7 TOM NEWBY SCHOOL EXAMINATION Subject Geography Examiner Miss M Albertyn Date Total marks 75 Session Duration 1½ hours Grade 7 Moderator Mrs W Pienaar Special instructions/ Equipment This Exam has been compiled using notes and information contained in the Tom Newby School book. The marking memorandum has been compiled accordingly. While alternative responses will be given due acknowledgement, the official memorandum will be considered a priority document to ensure uniformity of marking. MEMO QUESTION A MAPWORK [25] 1. Map A small more area, but in less detail (2) 2a. SW (1) b. SSE (1) c. ESE (1) d. N (1) e. NE (1) 3a. 7,8 / 7,9 / 8 / 8,1 / 8,2 X 1km = 7,8 / 7,9 / 8 / 8,1 / 8,2 km (2) b. 1,5 / 1,6 / 1,7 / 1,8 / 1,9 cm X 1km = 1,5 / 1,6 / 1,7 / 1,8 / 1,9 km (2) c. 4,5 / 4,6 / 4,7 / 4,8 / 4,9 / 5 / 5,1 / 5,2 / 5,3 / 5,4 / 5,5 / 5,6 cm X 1km = 4,5 / 4,6 / 4,7 / 4,8 / 4,9 / 5 / 5,1 / 5,2 / 5,3 / 5,4 / 5,6 km (2) d. 1,3 / 1,4 / 1,5 / 1,6 cm X 1 = 1,3 / 1,4 / 1,5 / 1,6 km (2) 4. e.g. for the workers (any logical answer) (1) 5.1 Zimbabwe (1) 5.2 Mauritania (1)

8 8 5.3 Congo (1) N 40 E (2) N (13-16 )W (2) 5.6 (32-38 )N (8-10 )E (2) QUESTION B MATCH THE COLUMNS [8] 1. e (1) 2. a (1) 3. h (1) 4. b (1) 5. i (1) 6. c (1) 7. g (1) 8. d (1) QUESTION C [12] 1. a. Hollow concrete bricks help to cause minimal damage if they fall in an earthquake. b. Roof made from reinforced cement concrete. c. Foundations made of stones. d. Reinforced steel corner pillars providing strength and flexibility. (4 + 1 for drawing) (5) 2. Pacific Ocean- Many of the world s volcanoes are found there (2)

9 9 3. Red Cross United Nations (2) 4. any logical answer e.g. restricting the height of buildings building wide roads between buildings helps to prevent the spread of fire during an earthquake and also allows buildings to sway without crashing into each other. gas and water pipes as well as electricity cables are well protected. Developing earthquake and tsunami warning systems Having emergency plans that shut down dangerous industries such as power stations and gas supplies. Training rescue workers to help survivors. (any 3) (3) SECTION D TRUE OR FALSE [8] 1. False Richter scale / the movement of the Earth (2) 2. True (1) 3. False 117,5 km (2) 4. False mantle (2) 5. True (1) SECTION E CASE STUDY [17] 1. The Caribbean plate moved past the North American plate This plate movement caused friction leading to an earthquake. (2) 2a. earthquake- when the ground shakes violently caused by sudden movements under Earth s crust (any logical explanation) (1) b. Richter scale- An instrument that measures how strong an earthquake is. (1) c. epicentre-the point directly above the focus on the surface on the surface of the Earth. (1)

10 d. geologist- person who studies rocks and the movements and structure of the Earth (1) 3. More than houses destroyed / offices and shops collapsed / The National Palace, cathedral, government offices, hotels, hospitals, schools and the prison were all destroyed/ the general hospital has collapsed/ People killed (over ) and injured/ Drinking water not available/ Diseases e.g. cholera affecting and killing people. (any 3) (3) 4. The epicentre was close to the capital city/ The strength of the quake (7.0)/ The earthquake struck as people were leaving the city at the end of the day, so it affected more people/ There was no public sewerage system and children are not vaccinated against diseases/ Haiti is a poor country, and not equipped to cope with such a disaster. Very close to the surface / high buildings, narrow roads / weak buildings (any 3) (3) 5. Sewage system was destroyed / no sanitation (1) 6 Very often, after an earthquake strikes, it is the falling buildings that kill people, not the actual quake. (1) 7.Drinking water Medical supplies, Food, Help with rescue efforts Help with rebuilding the city Trauma counselling (any 3) (3) 10

11 11 QUESTION F PARAGRAPH [5] Disease: Clean water supplies can be destroyed and dirt and sewerage can lie around. These problems can lead to diseases like cholera, which can lead to more deaths. Displacement of people: People have nowhere to live as their homes are destroyed. These displaced people look for shelter in tent camps and sometimes have nowhere to sleep. Buildings destroyed Damage to infrastructure: Roads, railway lines, pipelines and services such as electricity, water, gas, sewerage and telephone lines are damaged and destroyed. Flooding is caused by broken dams and burst water pipes. Fires: Broken electrical wires and gas and fuel tank leaks can cause fires. Tsunamis: Tsunamis can kill many people and can cause major damage to settlements and the environment. Economic: Earthquakes damage a country economy. A country s trade with other countries can be affected too. Medical: Earthquakes put pressure on hospitals and medical and rescue services. Usually other countries help a place affected by an earthquake. Organizations like the Red Cross and United Nations help with medical services, food, shelter and rescue workers.