An Earthquake is a rapid vibration or shaking of the Earth s crust created by a release in energy from sudden movement of a part of a plate along a

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "An Earthquake is a rapid vibration or shaking of the Earth s crust created by a release in energy from sudden movement of a part of a plate along a"

Transcription

1

2

3 An Earthquake is a rapid vibration or shaking of the Earth s crust created by a release in energy from sudden movement of a part of a plate along a fault.

4

5 Energy released radiates in all directions from its source, the focus. So the Focus is the point at which the first movement occurs during an earthquake. (Where the earthquake originates from).

6 The epicenter is the point on Earth s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.

7

8

9 Energy propagates in the form of seismic waves. So seismic waves are the energy that is released from the earthquake.

10 A Fault is a fracture or break in rock (in the lithosphere) where movement is occurring or has occurred. Faults can be active or inactive, and can be associated with either current or old plate boundaries.

11 Label the focus, epicenter and fault for each pictures.

12 Where do Earthquakes occur?

13 Earthquakes Occur at Different Depths: Shallow depths along transform boundaries Shallow to Medium depths (up to 30km bgs) along divergent boundaries Deep depths (up to 700km bgs) along subduction boundaries

14

15

16 What causes an Earthquake??

17

18

19

20

21 So, how does energy released by slippage at a fault travel through the ground?

22 Energy from an Earthquake travels in seismic waves.

23

24 2 Main Types of Waves: Body Waves earthquake waves that travel from a earthquake through the Earth. Surface Waves earthquake waves that travel along the Earth s surface.

25 Body Waves P waves (Primary Waves) compression waves that squeeze and stretch rock materials as they move Can travel through any material - solid rock, magma, ocean water, air S waves (Secondary Waves) shear waves that cause the particles of rock material to move at right angles to the direction the waves are traveling. Can travel through solid material only (CANNOT travel through liquids or gas) S waves travel a little more than ½ the speed of a P wave (so, s-waves are slower than P waves)

26 P Wave (Compression Waves) move like a slinky S Wave (Shear Waves) seem more like a worm or snake

27

28 S-Wave Motion Side-to-Side Motion

29

30 Surface Waves earthquake waves that travel along Earth s surface Travel more slowly than P or S waves and can move: side to side (Love Wave) Elliptical pattern (Rayleigh Wave) Can cause considerable damage even far from the earthquake s epicenter

31 Surface Waves earthquake waves that travel along Earth s surface Two Types: Love & Rayleigh

32 How the seismic waves move through Earth s Interior: Depths of Earth s Interior are different densities, wave velocities corresponds to interior of Earth Velocity of waves increases when waves travel through dense material Velocity of waves decreases when waves travel through less dense material.

33 So think back to our layers of the Earth Solid = inner core, lithosphere, (upper parts of mantle), crust Liquid/melted = outer core, Asthenosphere, (lower parts of mantle)

34 How the seismic waves move through Earth s Interior: Boundary of core and mantle is at 2,900km below the surface Here P waves are slowed and S waves stop. So material below 2,900km must be liquid (because S waves CANNOT travel through liquids) The inner core and outer core boundary is at a depth of 5,200 km, here P waves increase in speed again (because inner core is solid like the lithosphere)

35 How the seismic waves move through Earth s Interior: Terms that describe layers of Earth in reference to earthquakes Moho boundary where dense mantle rock meet less dense crust rock. (32km under continents, 5-10km oceans) Transition Zone middle mantle at depth of km (separates upper mantle from denser lower mantle) Shadow Zone -the wide belt on other side of Earth opposite the focus where seismograph stations do not receive waves. (because waves are bent/refracted as they pass through layers/materials of different densities).

36 Transition Zone Terms that describe layers of Earth in reference to earthquakes Moho Shadow Zone (shaded area)

37 Label which is S wave & which P wave (Compression) is P wave. S wave (Shear)

38 Draw how S & P waves would travel through layers, also label the Moho, Transition Zone and Shadow Zone: 1 st Remember P waves travel through: S waves travel through: Solid ONLY Any material

39 Draw how S & P waves would travel through layers, also label the Moho, Transition Zone and Shadow Zone: Focus

40 Locating and Measuring Earthquakes

41 Geologists use a seismograph to detect and record waves of an earthquake. Richter Scale assigns a single number to quantify the energy contained in an earthquake. (It s the scale the measures the magnitude of the earthquake.

42 Seismograph

43

44

45 Seismograph: A device that records earthquake waves. Seismogram: The picture drawn by a seismograph.

46

47

48 Which type of wave would reach the seismograph first (because it travels faster than others)? P Wave (it travels faster and through all materials) Label which is the P wave and which is the S wave on the seismograph to below and to the right. P wave S wave

49

50 The Richter Scale measures the magnitude of an earthquake. It is a base-10 logarithmic scale based on the waves measured by a seismograph. Example: An earthquake that measures 5.0 on the Richter scale has a shaking amplitude 10 times larger.

51

52

53 To locate the epicenter of an earthquake scientist must know the distances from at least three (3) different stations

54

55

56

57 How far is the epicenter of an earthquake from a seismic station, if the difference between the arrival time of the P and the S wave is 5 minutes?

58

59 Draw the circles showing distances from each seismograph station to the epicenter of the earthquake to determine where the epicenter actually occurred. Epicenter of this earthquake is? (Reno 200 miles, Chicago 2,000 miles, Phoenix 700 miles) (miles)

60 Hazard and Damage Caused by Earthquakes: Most buildings can withstand fairly violent up-anddown shaking Few buildings can survive side-to side shaking (so many collapse) Liquefication is when loose soil temporarily takes on some of the properties of liquid building on top of this loose soil that undergoes liquification or settling may cause collapse in buildings

61 Hazard and Damage Caused by Earthquakes: A large Earthquake can be followed by a series of smaller earthquakes called aftershocks. Aftershocks can still cause damage and be fairly strong and their frequency diminishes quickly over time. When large earthquakes occur they may rupture (break) gas lines, which could cause fires. Underwater earthquakes and landslides can sometimes cause huge ocean waves called tsunamis. Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand (Indian Ocean) killed over 200,000 people on December 26, 2004.

62 Preventing Earthquake Damage What can we do?? Implement and enforce good engineering practices and building codes so that buildings can withstand a certain amount of shaking (especially in earthquake prone areas) Try to predict when, where, and at what magnitude an earthquake will occur. (By using data from past, and plotting earthquake foci along a fault to see where the fault has not moved, thus being where stress is building).

63

Name Date Class. radiate in all directions, carrying some of the. of plate boundaries have different usual patterns of.

Name Date Class. radiate in all directions, carrying some of the. of plate boundaries have different usual patterns of. Chapter Outline Earthquakes CHAPTER 6 Lesson 1: Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries A. What is an earthquake? 1. A(n) is the rupture and sudden movement of rocks along a fault. A fault is a fracture surface

More information

AIM: What are the features of Earthquakes and where are they located? Do Now: What are some words that are associated with earthquakes?

AIM: What are the features of Earthquakes and where are they located? Do Now: What are some words that are associated with earthquakes? Notepack # 11 November 8, 201 AIM: What are the features of Earthquakes and where are they located? Do Now: What are some words that are associated with earthquakes? What are Earthquakes? The shaking or

More information

INTRODUCTION TO EARTHQUAKES

INTRODUCTION TO EARTHQUAKES INTRODUCTION TO EARTHQUAKES Seismology = Study of earthquakes Seismologists = Scientists who study earthquakes Earthquake = Trembling or shaking of the earth s surface, usually as a result of the movement

More information

Dangerous tsunami threat off U.S. West Coast

Dangerous tsunami threat off U.S. West Coast Earthquakes Ch. 12 Dangerous tsunami threat off U.S. West Coast Earthquakes What is an Earthquake? It s the shaking and trembling of the Earth s crust due to plate movement. The plates move, rocks along

More information

Section Forces Within Earth. 8 th Grade Earth & Space Science - Class Notes

Section Forces Within Earth. 8 th Grade Earth & Space Science - Class Notes Section 19.1 - Forces Within Earth 8 th Grade Earth & Space Science - Class Notes Stress and Strain Stress - is the total force acting on crustal rocks per unit of area (cause) Strain deformation of materials

More information

1 How and Where Earthquakes Happen

1 How and Where Earthquakes Happen CHAPTER 12 1 How and Where Earthquakes Happen SECTION Earthquakes KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What is elastic rebound? What are the similarities and differences between

More information

22.5 Earthquakes. The tsunami triggered by the 2004 Sumatra earthquake caused extensive damage to coastal areas in Southeast Asia.

22.5 Earthquakes. The tsunami triggered by the 2004 Sumatra earthquake caused extensive damage to coastal areas in Southeast Asia. The tsunami triggered by the 2004 Sumatra earthquake caused extensive damage to coastal areas in Southeast Asia. An earthquake is a movement of Earth s lithosphere that occurs when rocks in the lithosphere

More information

Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Lesson 4 2

Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Lesson 4 2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Lesson 4 2 Apr 15 8:52 PM What are seismic waves? How are earthquakes measured? How is an earthquake located? Apr 15 8:54 PM 1 What are seismic waves An earthquake is the

More information

Section 19.1: Forces Within Earth Section 19.2: Seismic Waves and Earth s Interior Section 19.3: Measuring and Locating.

Section 19.1: Forces Within Earth Section 19.2: Seismic Waves and Earth s Interior Section 19.3: Measuring and Locating. CH Earthquakes Section 19.1: Forces Within Earth Section 19.2: Seismic Waves and Earth s Interior Section 19.3: Measuring and Locating Earthquakes Section 19.4: Earthquakes and Society Section 19.1 Forces

More information

Internal Layers of the Earth

Internal Layers of the Earth Lecture #4 notes Geology 3950, Spring 2006; CR Stern Seismic waves, earthquake magnitudes and location, and internal earth structure (pages 28-95 in the 4 th edition and 28-32 and 50-106 in the 5 th edition)

More information

Moho (Mohorovicic discontinuity) - boundary between crust and mantle

Moho (Mohorovicic discontinuity) - boundary between crust and mantle Earth Layers Dynamic Crust Unit Notes Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust Continental Crust Thicker Less Dense Made of Granite Oceanic Crust Thinner More Dense Made of Basalt Moho (Mohorovicic

More information

What causes an earthquake? Giant snakes, turtles, catfish, and spiders?

What causes an earthquake? Giant snakes, turtles, catfish, and spiders? What causes an earthquake? Giant snakes, turtles, catfish, and spiders? What causes an earthquake? The movement of Earth s plates creates enormous forces that squeeze or pull the rock in the crust as if

More information

Page 1. Name:

Page 1. Name: Name: 6185-1 - Page 1 1) Which statement correctly compares seismic P-waves with seismic S-waves? A) P-waves travel faster than S-waves and pass through Earth's liquid zones. B) P-waves travel slower than

More information

EQ Monitoring and Hazards NOTES.notebook. January 07, P-wave. S-wave. surface waves. distance

EQ Monitoring and Hazards NOTES.notebook. January 07, P-wave. S-wave. surface waves. distance Earthquake Monitoring and Hazards Reading a Seismogram General guidelines: P-wave First disruption of trace = Second disruption of trace = surface waves Largest disruption of trace = Not the distance to

More information

UNIT - 7 EARTHQUAKES

UNIT - 7 EARTHQUAKES UNIT - 7 EARTHQUAKES WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE An earthquake is a sudden motion or trembling of the Earth caused by the abrupt release of energy that is stored in rocks. Modern geologists know that most earthquakes

More information

Module 7: Plate Tectonics and Earth's Structure Topic 4 Content : Earthquakes Presentation Notes. Earthquakes

Module 7: Plate Tectonics and Earth's Structure Topic 4 Content : Earthquakes Presentation Notes. Earthquakes Earthquakes 1 Topic 4 Content: Earthquakes Presentation Notes Earthquakes are vibrations within the Earth produced by the rapid release of energy from rocks that break under extreme stress. Earthquakes

More information

Chapt pt 15 er EARTHQUAKES! BFRB P 215 ages -226

Chapt pt 15 er EARTHQUAKES! BFRB P 215 ages -226 Chapter 15 EARTHQUAKES! BFRB Pages 215-226226 Earthquake causes An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth s crust caused by a release of energy The movement of the Earth s plates causes most earthquakes

More information

Unit Topics. Topic 1: Earth s Interior Topic 2: Continental Drift Topic 3: Crustal Activity Topic 4: Crustal Boundaries Topic 5: Earthquakes

Unit Topics. Topic 1: Earth s Interior Topic 2: Continental Drift Topic 3: Crustal Activity Topic 4: Crustal Boundaries Topic 5: Earthquakes The Dynamic Earth Unit Topics Topic 1: Earth s Interior Topic 2: Continental Drift Topic 3: Crustal Activity Topic 4: Crustal Boundaries Topic 5: Earthquakes Topic 1: Earth s Interior Essential Question:

More information

Earthquakes 11/14/2014. Earthquakes Occur at All Boundaries. Earthquakes. Key Aspects of an Earthquake. Epicenter. Focus

Earthquakes 11/14/2014. Earthquakes Occur at All Boundaries. Earthquakes. Key Aspects of an Earthquake. Epicenter. Focus Earthquakes Earthquakes Caused by friction and movement between Earth s tectonic plates A release of force Often caused by a catch between two plates As plates slide by, they stick to each other When the

More information

Earthquakes. Forces Within Eartth. Faults form when the forces acting on rock exceed the rock s strength.

Earthquakes. Forces Within Eartth. Faults form when the forces acting on rock exceed the rock s strength. Earthquakes Vocabulary: Stress Strain Elastic Deformation Plastic Deformation Fault Seismic Wave Primary Wave Secondary Wave Focus Epicenter Define stress and strain as they apply to rocks. Distinguish

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 8 Earthquakes and Earth s Interior 8.1 What Is an Earthquake? Earthquakes An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy

More information

What is an Earthquake?

What is an Earthquake? Earthquakes What is an Earthquake? Earthquake - sometimes violent shaking of ground caused by movement of Earth s tectonic plates; creates seismic waves Often followed by smaller earthquakes (aftershocks);

More information

Slide 1. Earth Science. Chapter 5 Earthquakes

Slide 1. Earth Science. Chapter 5 Earthquakes Slide 1 Earth Science Chapter 5 Earthquakes Slide 2 Forces in Earth's Crust A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume is stress 3 types of stress acting on rock layers Tension pulls on the

More information

Earthquakes. Earthquakes and Earth s Interior Earth Science, 13e Chapter 8. Elastic rebound. Earthquakes. Earthquakes 11/19/2014.

Earthquakes. Earthquakes and Earth s Interior Earth Science, 13e Chapter 8. Elastic rebound. Earthquakes. Earthquakes 11/19/2014. and Earth s Interior Earth Science, 13e Chapter 8 Stanley C. Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College General features Vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy Associated with movements

More information

Chapter 13 Earthquakes and Earth s Interior

Chapter 13 Earthquakes and Earth s Interior Chapter 13 Earthquakes and Earth s Interior The crust of the Earth is made up of floating tectonic plates- huge continent-sized chunks of solid rock floating on molten rock. Rock masses along the boundaries

More information

Multi-station Seismograph Network

Multi-station Seismograph Network Multi-station Seismograph Network Background page to accompany the animations on the website: IRIS Animations Introduction One seismic station can give information about how far away the earthquake occurred,

More information

11/30/16 EARTHQUAKES ELASTIC LIMIT FAULT FORCE AND PLATES WHAT DO YOU NOTICE?

11/30/16 EARTHQUAKES ELASTIC LIMIT FAULT FORCE AND PLATES WHAT DO YOU NOTICE? ELASTIC LIMIT EARTHQUAKES Bend sitck but do not break it. What do you notice? No bend until it breaks. Describe the energy and forces at work. (Kinetic, potential etc) 8 TH GRADE FAULT FORCE AND PLATES

More information

C) 10:20:40 A) the difference between the arrival times of the P -wave and the S -wave

C) 10:20:40 A) the difference between the arrival times of the P -wave and the S -wave 1. The arrival time of the first earthquake P-wave at a seismograph station was 10:11:20 (hours:minutes:seconds). If the epicenter of the earthquake is 8000 km away, what was the approximate arrival time

More information

they help tell Earth s story! Regents Earth Science With Ms. Connery

they help tell Earth s story! Regents Earth Science With Ms. Connery they help tell Earth s story! Regents Earth Science With Ms. Connery EARTHQUAKE VOCABULARY earthquake fault convergent divergent transform (or transverse) seismic energy epicenter focus Richter scale magnitude

More information

Earthquakes. Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics. Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics. Chapter 6 Modern Earth Science. Modern Earth Science. Section 6.

Earthquakes. Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics. Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics. Chapter 6 Modern Earth Science. Modern Earth Science. Section 6. Earthquakes Chapter 6 Modern Earth Science Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics Section 6.1 Modern Earth Science Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics Earthquakes are the result of stresses in Earth s s lithosphere.

More information

Earthquakes & Volcanoes

Earthquakes & Volcanoes Earthquakes & Volcanoes Geology - the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change geo = Earth; ology = study of Earth s Layers Plate Tectonics - the

More information

Earthquakes.

Earthquakes. Earthquakes http://quake.usgs.gov/recenteqs/latestfault.htm An earthquake is a sudden motion or shaking of the Earth's crust, caused by the abrupt release of stored energy in the rocks beneath the surface.

More information

Forces in Earth s Crust

Forces in Earth s Crust Name Date Class Earthquakes Section Summary Forces in Earth s Crust Guide for Reading How does stress in the crust change Earth s surface? Where are faults usually found, and why do they form? What land

More information

Earthquakes and Earthquake Hazards Earth - Chapter 11 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College

Earthquakes and Earthquake Hazards Earth - Chapter 11 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College Earthquakes and Earthquake Hazards Earth - Chapter 11 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College What Is an Earthquake? An earthquake is the vibration of Earth, produced by the rapid release of energy.

More information

Topic 5: The Dynamic Crust (workbook p ) Evidence that Earth s crust has shifted and changed in both the past and the present is shown by:

Topic 5: The Dynamic Crust (workbook p ) Evidence that Earth s crust has shifted and changed in both the past and the present is shown by: Topic 5: The Dynamic Crust (workbook p. 65-85) Evidence that Earth s crust has shifted and changed in both the past and the present is shown by: --sedimentary horizontal rock layers (strata) are found

More information

Earthquake Investigation

Earthquake Investigation Exploration A Earthquake Investigation 1. Obtain a piece of plastic putty and knead it into a rectangular shape. 2. Push the ends of the putty toward the middle. Draw and describe what it looks like below.

More information

Earthquakes and Earth s Chapter. Interior

Earthquakes and Earth s Chapter. Interior Earthquakes and Earth s Chapter Interior 8.1 What Is an Earthquake? An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy Focus and Epicenter Focus is the point within Earth

More information

5. EARTHQUAKES AND EARTH S INTERIOR

5. EARTHQUAKES AND EARTH S INTERIOR LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: 5. EARTHQUAKES AND EARTH S INTERIOR EARTHQUAKE An earthquake is ground shaking caused by sudden and rapid movement of one block of rock slipping past another along

More information

5. What is an earthquake 6. Indicate the approximate radius of the earth, inner core, and outer core.

5. What is an earthquake 6. Indicate the approximate radius of the earth, inner core, and outer core. Tutorial Problems 1. Where Do Earthquakes Happen? 2. Where do over 90% of earthquakes occur? 3. Why Do Earthquakes Happen? 4. What are the formulae for P and S velocity 5. What is an earthquake 6. Indicate

More information

Earthquakes Modified

Earthquakes Modified Plate Tectonics Earthquakes Modified Recall that the earth s crust is broken into large pieces called. These slowly moving plates each other, each other, or from each other. This causes much on the rocks.

More information

Directed Reading A. Section: Inside the Earth. 1. The Earth is composed of several. THE COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH. compounds make up the core?

Directed Reading A. Section: Inside the Earth. 1. The Earth is composed of several. THE COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH. compounds make up the core? Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Inside the Earth 1. The Earth is composed of several. THE COMPOSITION OF THE EARTH 2. A substance composed of two or more elements is a(n) a. mix. c. compound.

More information

2.3 Notes: Earthquake Damage Can Be Reduced

2.3 Notes: Earthquake Damage Can Be Reduced 2.3 Notes: Earthquake Damage Can Be Reduced Earthquakes can cause severe damage and loss of life Each year, there is about one earthquake with a magnitude of or higher-this is an extremely earthquake.

More information

Slinky Lab- Simulating the Motion of Earthquake Waves.

Slinky Lab- Simulating the Motion of Earthquake Waves. Name Date Period Slinky Lab- Simulating the Motion of Earthquake Waves. Background: You will utilize a slinky to model earthquake waves, learn the speed, direction and behavior of different waves which

More information

SEISMOLOGY. - The study of earthquakes waves and how they move through the body and around the surface of the earth.

SEISMOLOGY. - The study of earthquakes waves and how they move through the body and around the surface of the earth. EARTHQUAKES SEISMOLOGY - The study of earthquakes waves and how they move through the body and around the surface of the earth. Seismic Waves - vibrations generated in the earths interior that carry energy

More information

Earthquakes. Photo credit: USGS

Earthquakes. Photo credit: USGS Earthquakes Earthquakes Photo credit: USGS Pancaked Building - 1985 Mexico City Earthquakes don t kill people - buildings do! An earthquake is the motion or trembling of the ground produced by sudden displacement

More information

LECTURE #5: Plate Tectonics: Boundaries & Earthquake Science

LECTURE #5: Plate Tectonics: Boundaries & Earthquake Science GEOL 0820 Ramsey Natural Disasters Spring, 2018 LECTURE #5: Plate Tectonics: Boundaries & Earthquake Science Date: 23 January 2018 I. Reminder: Exam #1 is scheduled for Feb 1st one week from Thursday o

More information

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes. Lecture #2

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes. Lecture #2 A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes Lecture #2 Earthquakes Are Always Happening ~ 1,000,000 / yr Most are small o Detected only by instruments Large EQ ~ 20 / yr cause extensive damage ~ 1 catastrophic EQ / year

More information

21. Earthquakes I (p ; 306)

21. Earthquakes I (p ; 306) 21. Earthquakes I (p. 296-303; 306) How many people have been killed by earthquakes in the last 4,000 years? How many people have been killed by earthquakes in the past century? What two recent earthquakes

More information

Earthquakes and Earth s Interior

Earthquakes and Earth s Interior - What are Earthquakes? Earthquakes and Earth s Interior - The shaking or trembling caused by the sudden release of energy - Usually associated with faulting or breaking of rocks - Continuing adjustment

More information

Earthquakes. Building Earth s Surface, Part 2. Science 330 Summer What is an earthquake?

Earthquakes. Building Earth s Surface, Part 2. Science 330 Summer What is an earthquake? Earthquakes Building Earth s Surface, Part 2 Science 330 Summer 2005 What is an earthquake? An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy Energy released radiates in all

More information

Seismic Waves. 1. Seismic Deformation

Seismic Waves. 1. Seismic Deformation Types of Waves 1. Seismic Deformation Seismic Waves When an earthquake fault ruptures, it causes two types of deformation: static; and dynamic. Static deformation is the permanent displacement of the ground

More information

GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 13

GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 13 UNDERSTANDING EARTH, SIXTH EDITION GROTZINGER JORDAN GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 13 Earthquakes 2010 W.H. Freeman and Company Three different types of seismic waves are recorded by seismographs Key Figure

More information

UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards

UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards Session 3 Understanding Earthquakes and Earthquake Hazards Lecturer: Dr. Patrick Asamoah Sakyi Department of Earth Science, UG Contact Information:

More information

Earthquakes Earth, 9th edition, Chapter 11 Key Concepts What is an earthquake? Earthquake focus and epicenter What is an earthquake?

Earthquakes Earth, 9th edition, Chapter 11 Key Concepts What is an earthquake? Earthquake focus and epicenter What is an earthquake? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Earthquakes Earth, 9 th edition, Chapter 11 Key Concepts Earthquake basics. "" and locating earthquakes.. Destruction resulting from earthquakes. Predicting earthquakes. Earthquakes

More information

Earthquakes How and Where Earthquakes Occur

Earthquakes How and Where Earthquakes Occur Earthquakes How and Where Earthquakes Occur PPT Modified from Troy HS Is there such thing as earthquake weather? Absolutely NOT!!! Geologists believe that there is no connection between weather and earthquakes.

More information

Earthquakes Chapter 19

Earthquakes Chapter 19 Earthquakes Chapter 19 Does not contain complete lecture notes. What is an earthquake An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy Energy released radiates in all directions

More information

Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics

Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics Earthquakes Earthquake = vibration of the Earth produced by the rapid release of energy. Seismic Waves Focus = the place within the Earth where the rock breaks, producing an earthquake.

More information

Forces in the Earth s crust

Forces in the Earth s crust EARTHQUAKES Forces in the Earth s crust How does stress in the crust change Earth s surface? Where are faults usually found, and why do they form? What land features result from the forces of plate movement?

More information

Recall Hypsometric Curve?

Recall Hypsometric Curve? Structure and Composition of the Earth (Why?) Recall Hypsometric Curve? Continental crust is very different from oceanic crust. To understand this, we need to know more about the structure & composition

More information

Earthquake. What is it? Can we predict it?

Earthquake. What is it? Can we predict it? Earthquake What is it? Can we predict it? What is an earthquake? Earthquake is the vibration (shaking) and/or displacement of the ground produced by the sudden release of energy. Rocks under stress accumulate

More information

Plate Tectonics and Earth s Structure

Plate Tectonics and Earth s Structure Plate Tectonics and Earth s Structure Chapter Eight: Plate Tectonics Chapter Nine: Earthquakes Chapter Ten: Volcanoes Chapter Nine: Earthquakes 9.1 What is an Earthquake? 9.2 Seismic Waves 9.3 Measuring

More information

Objectives. Vocabulary

Objectives. Vocabulary Forces Within Earth Objectives Define stress and strain as they apply to rocks. Distinguish among the three types of faults. Contrast three types of seismic waves. Vocabulary stress strain fault primary

More information

4 Deforming the Earth s Crust

4 Deforming the Earth s Crust CHAPTER 7 4 Deforming the Earth s Crust SECTION Plate Tectonics BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What happens when rock is placed under stress?

More information

LAB 6: Earthquakes & Faults

LAB 6: Earthquakes & Faults Name School LAB 6: Earthquakes & Faults An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. The surface where they slip is called the fault or fault plane. The location

More information

ES Ch 19 Earthquakes 1

ES Ch 19 Earthquakes 1 Chapter 19 - Earthquakes Objectives 1. Define stress vs. strain as they apply to rocks. 2. Define faults. 3. Contrast types of seismic waves-3 types according to their type of movement, speed, location

More information

Earthquakes. Pt Reyes Station 1906

Earthquakes. Pt Reyes Station 1906 Earthquakes Pt Reyes Station 1906 Earthquakes Ground shaking caused by the sudden release of accumulated strain by an abrupt shift of rock along a fracture in the earth. You Live in Earthquake Country

More information

Recall Hypsometric Curve?

Recall Hypsometric Curve? Structure of the Earth (Why?) Recall Hypsometric Curve? Continental crust is very different from oceanic crust. To understand this, we need to know more about the structure & composition of Earth. But

More information

CONTENT. A. Changes in the Crust Facts Changes Construction and Destruction. B. Continental Drift What is it? Evidence

CONTENT. A. Changes in the Crust Facts Changes Construction and Destruction. B. Continental Drift What is it? Evidence Name Earth Science Date Period TOPIC THE DYNAMIC EARTH CONTENT A. Changes in the Crust Facts Changes Construction and Destruction B. Continental Drift What is it? Evidence C. Theory of Plate Tectonics

More information

Seismic Waves NOTES.notebook. January 05, lithosphere. limit. elastic. fault. movement. Fault. fault. all. Seismic waves focus. interior.

Seismic Waves NOTES.notebook. January 05, lithosphere. limit. elastic. fault. movement. Fault. fault. all. Seismic waves focus. interior. Seismic Waves Earthquake Earthquake: Release of the built up stress in the once the is passed Release of this energy is called Most earthquakes occur along a Fault : crack in the Earth s crust where can

More information

A. rift valley B. deep trench C. volcanic cone D. uplifted mountain. A. a volcanic island arc B. a large watershed area

A. rift valley B. deep trench C. volcanic cone D. uplifted mountain. A. a volcanic island arc B. a large watershed area DC Practice Test Dynamic Crust PRCTICE TEST Zimm's Earth Science 2013 1. Which feature would most likely be forming at converging continental tectonic plate boundaries?. rift valley. deep trench C.

More information

on the earthquake's strength. The Richter scale is a rating of an earthquake s magnitude based on the size of the

on the earthquake's strength. The Richter scale is a rating of an earthquake s magnitude based on the size of the Earthquakes and Seismic Waves An earthquake is the shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface. The point beneath Earth s surface where rock under stress breaks

More information

Earth and Space Science Semester 2 Exam Review. Part 1. - Convection currents circulate in the Asthenosphere located in the Upper Mantle.

Earth and Space Science Semester 2 Exam Review. Part 1. - Convection currents circulate in the Asthenosphere located in the Upper Mantle. Earth and Space Science 2015 Semester 2 Exam Review Part 1 Convection -A form of heat transfer. - Convection currents circulate in the Asthenosphere located in the Upper Mantle. - Source of heat is from

More information

Chapter 15. Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics. what s the connection? At the boundaries friction causes plates to stick together.

Chapter 15. Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics. what s the connection? At the boundaries friction causes plates to stick together. Chapter 15 Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics what s the connection? As with volcanoes, earthquakes are not randomly distributed over the globe At the boundaries friction causes plates to stick together.

More information

An entire branch of Earth science, called, is devoted to the study of earthquakes.

An entire branch of Earth science, called, is devoted to the study of earthquakes. Lesson One Essential Question Where do earthquakes take place? What causes earthquakes? What are three different types of faults that occur at plate boundaries? How does energy from earthquakes travels

More information

Chapter 18 Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Chapter 18 Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages Chapter 18 Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages Alpine/Valley Glaciers on Mt. Rainier, WA Types of Glaciers Continental Ice Sheet Unconfined, blankets topography, large. Modern Ex: Antarctica, Greenland

More information

Earthquakes = shaking of Earth because of a rapid release of energy

Earthquakes = shaking of Earth because of a rapid release of energy There are more than 30,000 earthquakes worldwide each year! Earthquakes = shaking of Earth because of a rapid release of energy usually because of movement of tectonic plates Most earthquakes last for

More information

Earthquake Lab Introduction: Purpose: Method: Equipment needed: Fundamental Concepts and Key Terms:

Earthquake Lab Introduction: Purpose: Method: Equipment needed: Fundamental Concepts and Key Terms: Earthquake Lab Introduction: Seismology is that branch of the geological sciences which is concerned with the study of earthquakes. Purpose: The purpose of this exercise is to introduce some fundamental

More information

Geology 101 Study Guide #4

Geology 101 Study Guide #4 Geology 101 Study Guide #4 Our last unit is the study of the earthquakes, the Earth s interior and plate tectonics. We live in a region which has been added on to North America through plate tectonics.

More information

Chapter 11: Earthquakes. Grade 6 Earth Science Mr. Norton

Chapter 11: Earthquakes. Grade 6 Earth Science Mr. Norton Chapter 11: Earthquakes Grade 6 Earth Science Mr. Norton Table of Contents Chapter 10: Earthquakes Section 1: Forces Inside Earth Section 2: Features of Earthquakes Section 3: People and Earthquakes Chapter

More information

Outcome C&D Study Guide

Outcome C&D Study Guide Name: Class: Outcome C&D Study Guide Identify the layers of Earth s interior Lithosphere the upper most layer of the earth that includes the crust and the hard outer mantle. It is fractured into tectonic

More information

Earth s Interior HW Packet HW #1 Plate Tectonics (pages )

Earth s Interior HW Packet HW #1 Plate Tectonics (pages ) Name Earth s Interior HW Packet HW #1 Plate Tectonics (pages 676 683) 1. Is the following sentence true or false? According to the theory of plate tectonics, Earth s plates move about quickly on top of

More information

Science Starter. Describe in your own words what an Earthquake is and what causes it. Answer The MSL

Science Starter. Describe in your own words what an Earthquake is and what causes it. Answer The MSL Science Starter Describe in your own words what an Earthquake is and what causes it. Answer The MSL WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE AND HOW DO WE MEASURE THEM? Chapter 8, Section 8.1 & 8.2 Looking Back Deserts Wind-shaped

More information

Warm-up #15. How does magma move throughout the mantle? What is another example of this movement in nature?

Warm-up #15. How does magma move throughout the mantle? What is another example of this movement in nature? Warm-up #15 How does magma move throughout the mantle? What is another example of this movement in nature? Earth s Structure Lithosphere = crust & upper mantle; tectonic plates Asthenosphere = lower mantle

More information

Earthquakes and How to Measure Them

Earthquakes and How to Measure Them Earthquakes and How to Measure Them Earth Systems Georgia Performance Standards: SES2c. Relate certain geologic hazards to plate tectonic settings. Created by: Christy Dion Paulding County High School

More information

Topic 12 Review Book Earth s Dynamic Crust and Interior

Topic 12 Review Book Earth s Dynamic Crust and Interior Topic 12 Review Book Earth s Dynamic Crust and Interior Define the Vocabulary 1. asthenosphere 2. continental crust 3. Convection current 4. Convergent plate boundary 5. Divergent plate boundary 6. earthquake

More information

Name Class Date. 1. What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?. a. core b. lithosphere c. asthenosphere d. mesosphere

Name Class Date. 1. What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?. a. core b. lithosphere c. asthenosphere d. mesosphere Name Class Date Assessment Geology Plate Tectonics MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. 1. What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?. a. core b. lithosphere

More information

Dynamic Earth A B1. Which type of plate boundary is located at the Jordan Fault? (1) divergent (3) convergent (2) subduction (4) transform

Dynamic Earth A B1. Which type of plate boundary is located at the Jordan Fault? (1) divergent (3) convergent (2) subduction (4) transform Dynamic Earth A B1 1. The edges of most lithospheric plates are characterized by (1) reversed magnetic orientation (2) unusually rapid radioactive decay (3) frequent volcanic activity (4) low P-wave and

More information

9.3. Earthquakes. Earthquakes at Divergent Boundaries

9.3. Earthquakes. Earthquakes at Divergent Boundaries 9.3 Earthquakes Preview the headings on these two pages. What can you say about where earthquakes occur? As the plates that make up Earth s crust move, the rough edges lock together. Over time, pressure

More information

Topic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice

Topic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice Name: Topic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice 1. Earth s outer core is best inferred to be A) liquid, with an average density of approximately 4 g/cm 3 B) liquid, with an average density of approximately 11

More information

Plate Tectonics IDEA THAT EARTH S SURFACE IS BROKEN INTO PLATES THAT MOVE AROUND. Fault = fracture in the crust where the movement has occurred

Plate Tectonics IDEA THAT EARTH S SURFACE IS BROKEN INTO PLATES THAT MOVE AROUND. Fault = fracture in the crust where the movement has occurred Warm-up #14 A mountain range found 100 meters above sea level is measured to be 1,000 meters high from its tallest peak. From the top, the first 500 meters are incredibly steep. After this point, the mountain

More information

9 June 15. Horst Rademacher. Lect 4: Seismic Waves. Summer Session 2015

9 June 15. Horst Rademacher. Lect 4: Seismic Waves.  Summer Session 2015 9 June 15 2 Summer Session 2015 Horst Rademacher HH Lect 4: Seismic Waves http://seismo.berkeley.edu/summersession/eps20/ Class Organization Thursday s class (June 11) 10am-12:30pm My office hours: Tuesdays

More information

I. Locations of Earthquakes. Announcements. Earthquakes Ch. 5. video Northridge, California earthquake, lecture on Chapter 5 Earthquakes!

I. Locations of Earthquakes. Announcements. Earthquakes Ch. 5. video Northridge, California earthquake, lecture on Chapter 5 Earthquakes! 51-100-21 Environmental Geology Summer 2006 Tuesday & Thursday 6-9:20 p.m. Dr. Beyer Earthquakes Ch. 5 I. Locations of Earthquakes II. Earthquake Processes III. Effects of Earthquakes IV. Earthquake Risk

More information

The continents are in constant! movement! Earth Science!

The continents are in constant! movement! Earth Science! The continents are in constant movement Earth Science Transitional Science 10 Note and Activity Package for Chapter 12 Note: If you lose this package it is your responsibility to print out a new copy from

More information

NAME HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT #4 MATERIAL COVERS CHAPTERS 19, 20, 21, & 2

NAME HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT #4 MATERIAL COVERS CHAPTERS 19, 20, 21, & 2 NAME HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT #4 MATERIAL COVERS CHAPTERS 19, 20, 21, & 2 Assignment is due the beginning of the class period on December 14, 2004. Mark answers on a scantron sheet, which will be provided.

More information

Physical Geography. Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism. Chapter 12 GEOGRAPHY Earthquakes and Volcanoes. What are Earthquakes?

Physical Geography. Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism. Chapter 12 GEOGRAPHY Earthquakes and Volcanoes. What are Earthquakes? Physical Geography GEOGRAPHY 1710 DAVID R. SALLEE Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Chapter 12 Earthquakes and Volcanoes Earthquakes? The shaking or trembling caused by the sudden release of energy Usually associated

More information

20.1 Earthquakes. Chapter 20 EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES. Earthquakes and plate boundaries 500 UNIT 6 EARTH S STRUCTURE

20.1 Earthquakes. Chapter 20 EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES. Earthquakes and plate boundaries 500 UNIT 6 EARTH S STRUCTURE Chapter 20 EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES 20.1 Earthquakes In Chapter 19, you read about the San Andreas Fault, which lies along the California coast (Figure 20.1). This fault passes right through San Francisco

More information

Study Guide for Test: Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes & Volcanoes

Study Guide for Test: Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes & Volcanoes Name: KEY Date: Period: Study Guide for Test: Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes & Volcanoes Copy of Class Notes at http://feldmannscience.weebly.com. Access website by computer or mobile device! Tutoring offered

More information

Theory of Plate Tectonics

Theory of Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Theory of Plate Tectonics Lithosphere is made of sections called plates that move around called continental drift Plates move because they float on the asthenosphere Most plates consist

More information

Chapter 6: Earthquakes

Chapter 6: Earthquakes Section 1 (Forces in Earth s Crust) Chapter 6: Earthquakes 8 th Grade Stress a that acts on rock to change its shape or volume Under limited stress, rock layers can bend and stretch, but return to their

More information

10/18/2011. Chapter 8. Elastic Rebound Theory. Introduction. Earthquakes. and the Earth s Interior. Introduction. Introduction.

10/18/2011. Chapter 8. Elastic Rebound Theory. Introduction. Earthquakes. and the Earth s Interior. Introduction. Introduction. Chapter 8 Introduction Earthquake the sudden release of energy, usually along a fault, that produces shaking or trembling of the ground Earthquakes and the Earth s Interior Fig. 8.1 b, p. 191 Introduction

More information