Cold Water Coral WHY?
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1 The Cold Water Coral Research by bathymetry, acoustic geophysical and methane data, Santa Maria di Leuca, Northern Ionian Sea Apulian continental slop. Speaker: Kuan-Ting Lin March 15 th 2012 WHY?
2 Where is the study area Santa Maria di Leuca? Google Earth
3 Where is the study area Santa Maria di Leuca? Mediterranean Sea Italy Google Earth
4 Where is the study area Santa Maria di Leuca? Northern Ionian Sea Google Earth
5 The geographical framework of the study area. Google Earth
6 The geographical framework. The oceanographic setting.
7 Why study coral reef on Apulian swell? Warm water coral S 30ᵒ ~ N 30ᵒ Seawater temperature > 20ᵒ C Water depth < 50 m Cold water coral S/N > 30ᵒ Seawater temperature < 20ᵒ C Water depth > 50 m Google Earth
8 How to get the data they need? Research vessel - Urania Operator: CNR-National Research Council Country: Italy Length: 61.3 m
9 How to get the data they need? Research vessel - Universitatis Operator: The Mediterranean Science Commission Country: Italy Length: 44.8 m
10 What data did they get? MultiBeam Echo-Sounder (MBES) Reson Seabat 8160 SingleBeam Echo-Sounder (SBES) Simrad EA400 Sub-Bottom Profiler (SBP) GeoAcoustic Chirp II Side-Scan Sonar (SSS) system Klein3000 Methane data GAS-SCIPACK Video MODUS (Etiope et al., 2010)
11 What data did they get? MultiBeam Echo-Sounder (MBES) Reson Seabat 8160 See the instrument in 3D Frequency: 50 khz Swath: 4 x water depth Depth: 3000 m Beams: 126 beams content/uploads/2011/12/seabat product-leaflet-V6_small.pdf (
12 What data did they get? Frequency: 27 khz Depth: 3000 m ( ackscatter.htm) SingleBeam Echo-Sounder (SBES) Kongsberg-Simrad EA400
13 What data did they get? Sub-Bottom Profiler (SBP) GeoAcoustic Chirp II Frequency: 1 ~12 khz
14 What data did they get? Side-Scan Sonar (SSS) system Klein3000 Frequency: 100 & 500 khz
15 What data did they get? Video MODUS Methane data GAS-SCIPACK
16 Where are the survey lines? MultiBeam Echo-Sounder (MBES) SingleBeam Echo-Sounder (SBES) Sub-Bottom Profiler (SBP) Side-Scan Sonar (SSS) system
17 Where are the survey lines? MultiBeam Echo-Sounder (MBES) SingleBeam Echo-Sounder (SBES) Sub-Bottom Profiler (SBP) Side-Scan Sonar (SSS) system
18 Where did they get the samples? Video MODUS Methane data GAS-SCIPACK
19 What did they get? (A)Illuminated Multi-Beam bathymetry (B)Slope values m
20 What did they get? HS: Headscarps & Scarpments BS: Faint Scarpments/buried failure scars MT: Main Trough FS: Fault Scarpments CR: Central Ridge; BA: Blocky Areas 3D view
21 What did they get? Main area affected by the blocky pattern.
22 What did they get? Steep escarpment 20 m higher than the wavy seafloor (mass deposits)
23 How did they interpret the data? List of the SBP echo types identified along the investigated area. Distinct Indistinct Hyperbolic or wavy echoes Combined echoes
24 How did they interpret the data? List of the SBP echo types identified along the investigated area - Distinct
25 How did they interpret the data? List of the SBP echo types identified along the investigated area. Indistinct
26 How did they interpret the data? List of the SBP echo types identified along the investigated area - Indistinct
27 How did they interpret the data? List of the SBP echo types identified along the investigated area. Hyperbolic or wavy echoes
28 How did they interpret the data? List of the SBP echo types identified along the investigated area - Hyperbolic or wavy echoes
29 How did they interpret the data? List of the SBP echo types identified along the investigated area. Combined echoes
30 How did they interpret the data? List of the SBP echo types identified along the investigated area Combined echoes
31 SBP profile line C10bis How did they interpret the data?
32 How did they interpret the data? SBP profile line C06
33 How did they interpret the data? Where are the CWC? Detailed multibeam bathymetry SBP profile
34 How did they interpret the data? Where are the CWC? Detailed multibeam bathymetry SBP profile
35 How did they interpret the data? Where are the CWC? Detailed multibeam bathymetry SBP profile
36 How did they interpret the data? Where are the CWC? Detailed multibeam bathymetry SBP profile
37 How did they interpret the data? Where are the CWC? Detailed multibeam bathymetry SBP profile
38 Where are the survey lines? Side-Scan Sonar (SSS) system
39 MS06 site How did they interpret the data? - Where are the CWC?
40 How did they interpret the data? - Where are the CWC? (C) Slope image (B) SSS detail MS06 site Cluster of parallel close-set strip > Sediment ridges Coral frameworks
41 Where are the survey lines? Side-Scan Sonar (SSS) system
42 MS04 site How did they interpret the data? - Where are the CWC?
43 (C) Slope image (B) SSS detail MS04 site How did they interpret the data? Where are the CWC? High backscattering patterns > CWC Coral frameworks
44 Where are the survey lines? Side-Scan Sonar (SSS) system
45 MS01 site How did they interpret the data? - Where are the CWC? linear pattern (B) SSS detail: sub-parallel & discontinuous close-set stripes > complex zone of scours
46 MS01 site How did they interpret the data? - Where are the CWC? linear pattern (C) SSS detail: high backscattering patterns > small scale relief
47 MS01 site How did they interpret the data? - Where are the CWC? linear pattern (D) SSS detail: downsloping lineation > debris vs. turbidite deposits
48 Where are the survey lines? Sub-Bottom Profiler (SBP)
49 How did they interpret the data? - Where are the CWC?
50 Where are the survey lines? MultiBeam Echo-Sounder (MBES) Sub-Bottom Profiler (SBP) Central upper slope Mass-transport deposition
51 How did they interpret the data? - Where are the CWC? Central upper slope Mass-transport deposition (A) Slope image (B) 3D view: some failurerelated seafloor morphological features
52 How did they interpret the data? - Where are the CWC? Central upper slope Mass-transport deposition
53 How did they interpret the data? - Where are the CWC? Central upper slope Mass-transport deposition
54 How did they interpret the data? - Where are the CWC? General map & cross section (Etiope et al., 2010)
55 How did they interpret the data? Data of the GAS-SCIPACK instrument survey. (Etiope et al., 2010)
56 Pictures on the research vessel Universitatis Video & sonar images from the GAS-SCIPACK/MODUS system and its control room. (Etiope et al., 2010)
57 How did they interpret the data? Data of the GAS-SCIPACK instrument survey. (Etiope et al., 2010)
58 Conclusions 1. CWCs depth range: 500 ~ 900 m ADW flow: 500 ~ 1000 m 2. CWCs mainly found at: a. mass-movements & mass-transport depostition areas b. Debris deposits along the western flank of the central ridge c. Hard substrata outcropping 3. Only weak methane anomalies & no direct expressions of gas seepage Nutrient-rich currents (Etiope et al., 2010)
59 Thank you for your attention. Question? References High-resolution bathymetry and acoustic geophysical data from Santa Maria di Leuca Cold Water province (Northern Ionian Sea Apulian continental slope) A. Savini, C. Corselli Deep-Sea Research II 57 (2010) Deep-sea survey for the detection of methane at the Santa Maria di Leuca Cold-water coral mounds (Ionian Sea, South Italy) G. Etiope, A. Savini, N. Lo Bue, P. Favali, C. Corselli Deep-Sea Research II 57 (2010)
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