the Earth Question 1 A. known B. proven C. inferred D. observed Question 2

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1 the Earth GLO 1 A Model of Question 1 Scientists estimate the age of the Earth to be about 4.6 billion years old, using evidence and theories. Then they construct a model of what the Earth is composed of. A model is based on what is A. known B. proven C. inferred D. observed Question 2 The core of the Earth is made up of two layers. The inner core, which is made up of nickel and iron reaching temperatures of 7000 o C, because of the pressure of the other layers on this inner core, it is A. solid B. liquid C. molten D. crystal the Earth GLO 1 A Model of Question 3 Compared to the other layers of the Earth, the crust, at a temperature of 5 o C is... A. thicker than the upper mantle B. thicker than the lower mantle C. thicker than any other layer D. thinner than all the layers Question 4 The Earth is made up of many different layers. They vary in composition and thickness. The thickest layer is the A. crust B. mantle C. inner core D. outer core Question 5 Scientists study the effect of an earthquake by locating this point, which is the place on the surface that is directly above where the earthquake first began, called the A. focus B. fault line C. epicentre D. shadow zone Question 6 The source of an earthquake can be determined by recording the interval time between the p waves and s waves. The first place that rocks break below the surface in an earthquake is called the... A. focus B. fault line C. epicenter D. shadow zone

2 Question 7 One of the most dangerous side effects of an erupting volcano is a... A. earthquake B. hurricane C. tornado D. tsunami Question 8 In 1935 Charles Richter developed a scale that helped geologists understand the strength or magnitude (intensity) of an earthquake. The scale he developed starts at 0 and each increase of 1 indicates an increase of 10 times the amount of A. damage B. seismic waves C. ground motion D. fault movement Question 9 Volcanoes can cool temperatures around the world. Despite the hot temperatures and the destruction they can create at the source, the lowering of world temperatures following a volcanic eruption can be caused by... A. an ash plume causing mudflows B. a rapid lava flow into the ocean C. an ash layer in the atmosphere D. a large number of tsunamis Question 10 There are a number of volcanoes that border the pacific ocean. These volcanoes are known as the Ring of Fire. The name comes from the fact that these volcanoes erupt with red-hot lava, fire and steam. Most volcanoes in the Ring of fire occur at.. A. conduction zones B. abduction zones C. compression zones D. subduction zones Question 11 Not many volcanologists use a special suit to study lava up close, but those who do are able to get close enough to the magma flow to make observations, take measurements, or collect gas and lava samples. This special suit is coated with A. reflective metal B. reflective plastic C. flammable liquid D. fireproof insulation Question 12 Matt found that when he poured water into a crack in a rock sample and froze it, then allowed it to thaw, the crack was actually wider. The type of weathering he investigated was classified as... A. chemical B. biological C. mechanical D. gravitational

3 Transitions Question 13 The movement of materials from place to place is called A. weathering B. deposition C. glaciation D. erosion GLO 1 Gradual Question 14 On a field trip, the class was amazed, when their teacher pointed out a tree growing in a rock. The roots of the tree had worked their way into the cracks and split the rock in many places. This type of weathering is classified as.. A. chemical B. biological C. mechanical D. gravitational Transitions GLO 1 Gradual Question 15 Abby and Selah were investigating the effects of landforms that have been created by the action of running water. They were told that the Alberta badlands are an example of this type of landform, called... A. fluvial B. bedrock C. striation D. sediment Minerals GLO 2 Rocks and Question 16 Minerals can be identified by certain clues. The clue that identifies the color of the powdered form of the mineral left behind when it is rubbed against a rough surface is called its.. A. streak B. lustre C. shape D. color Question 17 Specific patterns such as cubic, tetragonal, hexagonal, orthohombic, monoclinic and triclinic describe how minerals line up in a regular pattern creating smooth surfaces and sharp edges, making systems of... A. synthetic models B. mineral hardness C. crystal structure D. cleavage types

4 Minerals GLO 2 Rocks and Question 18 The hardness of a mineral is measured with a scale. The scale is used to help identify minerals, because each mineral will scratch all the minerals with a lower scale ranking than its own. Named after a German scientist, the scale is called... A. Fahrenheit s Scale B. Newton s Scale C. Richter s Scale D. Mohs Scale Question 19 Igneous rock can be classified by how it is formed. If it has formed beneath the surface, cooling slowly, it has larger grains and is called A. interior B. intrusive C. exterior D. extrusive Minerals Question 20 GLO 2 Rocks and If a mineral easily splits into two smooth surfaces, like mica, it is described as A. lustre B. fracture C. cleavage D. hardness Question 21 Shale changes to slate and then changes to schist. To change these rocks into other types requires A. time and technology B. time and sediments C. heat and temperature D. heat and pressure Classification GLO 2 Rock Question 22 Evan and Abby were investigating the banks of the river and discovered a large section had been eroded away. They could see layers of different soil types. These visible layers are called... A. cementation B. sedimentation C. calcification D. stratification Question 23 Geologists identify mineral ores locations, which are hidden below the surface of the Earth, using different tools and technologies. Using sensitive instruments, such as a magnetometer, geologists are using this technique... A. geophysical prospecting B. geochemical prospecting C. remote sensing D. exploration

5 Cycle GLO 2 The Rock Question 24 The formation of different types of rocks is described in the Rock Cycle. An important feature of this cycle is that it... A. cannot be reversed B. does not have a set order C. always forms in the same way D. doesn t have any shortcuts or detours Question 25 The rocks and minerals that cover the first 50 meters or so of the Earth s surface include sand, gravel, stones, and boulders. This material is called A. overburden B. underburden C. shield cover D. common rock cover Continental Drift GLO 3 Theory of Question 26 Alfred Wegner determined that the continents at one time all fit together to form one large supercontinent, called Pangaea. Their interlocking shapes and other evidence helped him form the Theory of Continental Drift. The other evidence included all of the following, except... A. Glossopteris fossils B. Folded mountains C. Glacial deposits D. Gold deposits Question 27 Alfred Wegner also proposed a theory of how he thought mountains formed. He thought that when the drifting continents collided, the edges of these continents... A. pushed and flowed B. eroded and striated C. crumpled and folded D. cracked and disintegrated Slide will change automatically Tectonics GLO 3 Plate Question 28 The ocean floor has been mapped out in detail and provided interesting patterns. Scientists noted that volcanoes and earthquakes tended to occur in the A. deep trenches of the ocean B. vast plains of the ocean floor C. same areas around the world D. continents that fit together Question 29 Mountain ranges were discovered along the ocean floor. These mountain ranges are called A. abyss B. ridges C. trenches D. pillow lava

6 Tectonics Question 30 A place where two tectonic plates slide past each other is called a A. transform boundary B. diverging boundary C. converging boundary D. subduction boundary GLO 3 Plate Question 31 Plates moving toward each other occur at a A. transform boundary B. diverging boundary C. converging boundary D. subduction boundary Building Question 32 GLO 3 Mountain The down fold in the rock that is folded when pressure is placed on it is called A. compression B. fault block C. anticline D. syncline Question 33 This factor (observation) might be the best way to determine the age of a mountain. A. type of fault B. shape of peak C. kinds of rocks D. difference between syncline and anticline Evidence GLO 4 Fossil Question 34 Scientists who study early life forms by interpreting animal and plant fossils are called A. geologists B. geophysicists C. paleontologists D. archaeologists Question 35 When an organism is buried under many layers of sediment, pressure and heat build up, leaving a thin film of carbon residue on the rock surfaces. This residue forms the outline of the organism and is called... A. petrified residue B. carbonaceous film C. trace fossil residue D. carbon-dated remains

7 Evidence GLO 4 Fossil Question 36 When an organism falls into soft sediment, like mud, its hard parts dissolve leaving a cavity called a... A. trace layer B. chamber C. mould D. cast Question 37 There is more than one way for living organisms to become fossilized. A cavity or track that was left behind by a living organism providing evidence that it existed, is a type of fossil called a A. trace fossil B. track fossil C. cavity fossil D. evidence fossil GLO 4 Interpreting Fossils Question 38 Geological columns are formations in sedimentary rock that help scientists to determine the age of the fossils they find. Fossils found in column 7 will be A. older than those found in 2 and 8 B. younger than those found in 10 and 6 C. older than those found in 4 and 3 D. younger than those found in 2 and 9 Question 39 The general time periods that organize the history of the Earth are called... A. eras B. years C. periods D. centuries GLO 4 Interpreting Fossils Question 40 Scientists have inferred that there might be some relationship between dinosaurs and birds from some of the Archaeopteryx fossils they discovered a few impressions of A. wings B. feathers C. webbed feet D. hollow bones This is the last question