Earth Science Unit 1 Review

Transcription

1 Name: Date: 1. The picture below shows a model of the rock cycle. 2. rock cycle diagram is shown below. During which part of the rock cycle does water break rocks apart?. part 1 B. part 2. part 3 D. part 4 What happens to rocks at location 3 in the diagram?. heating and pressing B. melting and cooling. weathering and eroding D. compacting and cementing 3. Shale is a sedimentary rock that can be metamorphosed into slate by. cementation. B. chemical weathering.. sedimentation. D. increased pressure. page 1

2 4. The chart below shows a part of Mohs hardness scale for minerals. 6. In an area where a river has cut deep into Earth, there are several layers of very different rock exposed. The oldest rock layer is most likely to be the layer that is student is testing an unknown mineral for hardness. The unknown mineral is tested against fluorite, but neither mineral scratches the other. Which of the following conclusions can the student accurately make?. below the other layers. B. the thickest layer.. the most rich in fossils. D. igneous intrusive rock.. The unknown mineral and apatite will not scratch each other. B. The unknown mineral and calcite will not scratch each other.. The unknown mineral will scratch apatite. D. The unknown mineral will scratch calcite The diagram below shows a geologic cross section. The diagram above shows a cross section of rocks beside a highway. Which rock type is the oldest?. rock type 1 B. rock type 2. rock type 3 D. rock type 4 Which rock layer most likely contains fossils of the most recently evolved organisms?. 1 B D. 4 page 2

3 Earth scientists use theories and principles to help determine the relative age and formation of rocksand landforms. Superposition ross-cutting Unconformities Younger sedimentary rock layers are generally found on top of older rock layers. Faults and igneous intrusions are younger than the rock they cut through. n eroded surface that separates older rocks below from younger rocks above. page 3

4 8. Which statement about the formation of rocks is true?. Heat and pressure can change igneous rock to sedimentary rock. B. Weathering and erosion can change sedimentary rock into sediment.. Heat and pressure cause metamorphic rock to weather and erode. 9. Your teacher has brought a sample of water to class. The sample contains a mixture of small rocks, sand, and silt (very fine soil) from the Mississippi River. fter a few hours, the sample settles. Which diagram shows how the sample will settle?. D. Weathering and erosion prevent magma from changing into igneous rock. B.. D. page 4

5 10. Which object is composed mostly of minerals? 11. The diagram below shows how a type of rock is formed over time.. rock B. tree branch. plastic fork D. grasshopper This diagram represents the formation of which of the following types of rock?. igneous B. metamorphic. sedimentary D. volcanic page 5

6 12. Dora wrote down some observations of four rock samples she was studying. Based on her observations, which of the following rock samples is most likely a sedimentary rock? 13. The diagram below shows four layers of Earth. Each layer is identified by a number.. B. Which layer of Earth is composed primarily of solid iron?. layer 1 B. layer 2. layer 3 D. layer 4. D. page 6

7 14. Use the information below to answer the following question(s). 15. The rock cycle is a process that alters sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks. The diagram below shows the rock cycle. Which numbered arrow indicates the core of Earth?. rrow 1 B. rrow 2. rrow 3 D. rrow 4 Which process forms igneous rock?. weathering of rock B. cooling of liquid magma. heat and pressure changing solid rock 16. The diagram below shows a cross section of Earth. D. compaction and cementation of loose material Which numbered part of the diagram represents the mantle of Earth?. 1 B D. 4 page 7

8 17. Use the information below to answer the following question(s). The diagram below shows how rocks are formed. What two processes can change sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock?. melting and uplifting B. melting and pressing. heating and pressing D. heating and crystallizing 18. The picture below shows lava flowing out of a volcano and into the ocean. 19. fter a rainstorm, a big pile of rocks blocks part of a mountain road. Which event most likely caused the rocks to move onto the road?. a tsunami B. a blizzard. a landslide D. a hurricane What kind of rock forms when the lava cools after entering the ocean?. Igneous B. Metallic. Sedimentary D. Metamorphic page 8

9 20. Which of the following can cause erosion? 22. The picture below shows a sea arch.. falling leaves B. flowing water. growing grass D. rising temperatures s erosion from ocean waves continues, what will most likely happen to the hole in this landform? 21.. It will become larger. B. It will fill with sediment.. It will remain the same size. D. It will be covered with water. Which process is most responsible for the formation of the Grand anyon?. scouring by continental glaciers B. erosion by wind and water. eruptions by explosive volcanoes D. cracking of Earth s crust by earthquakes page 9

10 23. The picture below shows the result of a geological event that changed a mountain rapidly. 24. The pictures below show the same area before and after an event occurred. Which of the following most likely caused the rapid change of the mountain?. landslide B. snowfall. wind erosion D. volcanic eruption Which of the following events most likely caused the change in this area?. a flood B. a hurricane. a volcanic eruption D. a strong earthquake page 10

11 25. Erosion, transportation, and deposition change the surface of Earth. 26. Use the information below to answer the following question(s). The diagram below shows water moving through the environment. Which number in the diagram represents a landform made by the deposition of eroded sediment?. 1 B D. 4 Which of these statements describes a change to the surface of Earth that is caused by water moving through the environment?. Water transports soil. B. Dew forms on grass.. Ocean tides follow a pattern. D. Tropical storms remain over the ocean. 27. Which best describes Earth s crust?. It is stationary and unable to move. B. It is thicker than the mantle and the core.. It is located between the outer and the inner core. D. It is composed of continental and oceanic plates. page 11

12 28. The table below shows the characteristics of five minerals. haracteristics of Minerals Mineral Shiny or Dull Magnetic 1 Dull No 2 Shiny No 3 Shiny Yes 4 Shiny No 5 Dull No 29. Use the information below to anwser the question. The teacher asks the class to use cups to collect soil samples from the school yard. The students collect the soil from two locations near the sidewalk. student wants to classify the minerals that are shiny and nonmagnetic in the same group. Which minerals belong in this group?. Minerals 1 and 2 B. Minerals 2 and 3. Minerals 2 and 4 D. Minerals 4 and 5 The students record their observations of the soil samples in the table below. Two Soil Samples Sample 1 Sample 2 Hole Depth 10 cm 10 cm Hole Width 6 cm 6 cm Water ontent Moist Dry omposition Pieces of Plant Material and lay Sand lay What explains why the composition of the soil samples is so different?. The students took samples at different times. B. The students collected samples from different layers.. The students used different tools to observe the samples. D. The students used different-sized cups to collect the samples. page 12

13 30. In the 1600s, Danish scientist Nicholas Steno studied the relative positions of sedimentary rocks. He determined that sedimentary rocks typically form layer on top of layer, so if undisturbed, the bottom layer of sedimentary rock is the oldest. Today, this idea is known as the Law of Superposition. This law is one way to estimate the relative ages of sedimentary rocks. The diagram below is a geologic cross-section from Ohio. How could the Law of Superposition be applied correctly to this cross-section?. The youngest sedimentary layer was deposited by glaciers. B. The layers in this cross-section are all igneous, so it will not work.. The sedimentary layer in this cross-section is close to 5,200 years old. D. The youngest sedimentary layer can be found at the very bottom of the cross-section. page 13

14 Problem-ttic format version c Educide Software Licensed for use by Lotesia Hammonds Terms of Use at 09/28/ B D D D 8. B B B 13. D 14. B 15. D 16. B B