Japan, 2011 (LA Times)
|
|
- Roy Ellis
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Japan, 2011 (LA Times)
2 Learning Objectives In this first chapter, we will learn the basic terminology and approach to natural disasters. Your goals in studying this chapter are to: Understand the definitions of disaster, risk, mitigation, and related terms. Understand the statistical trends of disasters over time. Understand the economic effects of disasters. Pompeii, Italy (BYUI)
3 Basics, Definitions, and Statistics What is a Disaster? The legal definition of disaster is a natural or man-made emergency whose response needs exceed the available resources of the affected community. Disasters are not just emergencies that make the news! Large-scale disasters are sometimes also called catastrophes. There were 4,215 traffic-related fatalities in California in 2003, yet this was not called a disaster because it did not exceed the affected communities abilities to respond. The deaths are certainly personal tragedies, but they do not meet the requirements of disaster. For comparison, all of the deaths associated with the September 11, 2001 attacks totaled 2,992. In addition, the attacks caused billions of direct and indirect economic losses. That qualifies this human-caused event as a disaster. A single homicide is a crime and a tragedy, and an attack on innocent people with political intent is terrorism. But both may not be a disaster. On the other hand, the San Simeon, California earthquake of December 2003 that resulted in only 2 fatalities, but caused hundreds of millions in property losses, was a disaster. As stated above, disaster professionals define a disaster as a natural or man-made emergency whose response needs exceed available resources. That makes the definition scalable, depending on the size of the affected community. When local government resources are exceeded, the state Governor s Office of Emergency Services (State OES) is contacted and the Governor is requested to declare a State Disaster. When State resources are exceeded, State OES contacts the U.S. Department of Homeland Security s Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the President is requested to declare a National Disaster. This Presidential Declaration triggers funding resources for the public, the state, and local governments to use for clean-up, repair, recovery, and mitigation. In another example, the Haiti earthquake of 2010 obviously overwhelmed that nation s ability to respond, and so was an international disaster. At a smaller scale, the 2005 landslide at the LaConchita neighborhood in southern California overwhelmed the neighborhood s capacity to respond, and so was a local disaster, but was not a state disaster. We must, therefore, always take the scale of an event into account when we discuss it as a disaster. A hazardous natural condition is called a natural hazard. Types of hazards include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the other things we will study this semester. They do not become disasters until they affect people.
4 Exposure If a river overflows its bank in an uninhabited area with no roads and no buildings, it is a flood, but not a flood disaster. If a major earthquake occurs in the desert where no one lives, it is still an earthquake, but not an earthquake disaster. In dealing with hazards, then, we are concerned about the location of people, buildings, and infrastructure relative to hazards. The number of these things in harm s way is our hazard exposure. Probability Probability is the likelihood of a specific type of event occurring in a specific place, at a specific magnitude, and during a specific time frame. Because the natural events that cause disasters are not common, calculating their probabilities can be complex. Probability is only one component of risk. Risk and Mitigation Risk is calculated as the product of extent, effects, probability, and importance of the outcome. Notice that if any of these factors is zero, risk is zero. If any factor has a high value, risk is increased. For example, for a tornado in an uninhabited place the effects and importance are zero, meaning this tornado poses no risk. On the other hand, the tornado that destroyed the town in the above photo obviously caused serious effects and its outcome was quite important; therefore, tornado risk for this type of tornado in this location was high. Mitigation is activities to reduce losses from future disasters, including prevention and protection. There are two ways to deal with disasters. (Modified from 1. We can increase emergency response capability. Thus, more damage needs to occur for those capabilities to be exceeded. Large incidents become manageable emergencies. 2. Projects can be undertaken to prevent or lessen the impacts of future incidents, and thus reduce the need for larger and larger response capability. Homes can be moved from areas suffering repeated floods. Buildings and infrastructure can be built to reduce expected damage in earthquakes. Wood shake shingles on homes in fire-prone areas can be replaced with asphalt shingles or tile. These actions are examples of mitigation.
5 Mitigation can be defined more specifically as any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to human life and property from hazards. As mitigation activities are undertaken, the effects, extent, or importance associated with disasters can be decreased. (From the South Dakota Office of Emergency Management website at Mitigation Is Not A "Quick Fix." The interest in initiating change most readily occurs in the immediate post-disaster time period. Public perception is high and a need for action is most acute. This diminishes rapidly with the passage of time and the realizations that implementing long-term solutions do not happen over-night. This, coupled with public concern over the price of such action (financial, economic, political, and social), often places a damper on completing those actions in a timely manner or even at all. Nonetheless, the price of inaction outweighs the cost of corrective action. The expense of reconstruction continues to escalate annually. A community that is well-prepared for disasters through preparation and mitigation is said to be resilient they endure the disaster better and recover faster than they would have otherwise. This is also a good lesson for individuals and families! Resilient families and individuals are well-prepared for disasters. Mitigation Approaches Mitigation actions are most often thought of as taking the form of structural or non-structural measures. Implementation of mitigation actions can take either form or a combination thereof. There are primarily four basic approaches to mitigation: 1. Altering the Hazard -- Modifying the hazard to eliminate or reduce the frequency of its occurrence. Triggering avalanches under controlled conditions and cloud seeding to force premature precipitation to reduce a storm's energy are typical examples. 2. Averting the Hazard -- Redirecting the impact away from a vulnerable location by using structural devices or land treatment to shield people and development from harm. Dikes, levees, and dams all represent physical efforts implemented to keep the risk away from the people. 3. Adapting to the Hazard -- Modifying structures and altering design standards of construction. Identified problems area such as high wind, earthquake, land sliding or subsidence, and heavily forested terrain all require special building standards and construction practices in order to reduce vulnerability to damage. 4. Avoiding the Hazard -- Keep people away from the hazard area or limiting development and population in a risk area. Enforcement actions such as zoning regulations, building codes and ordinances are intended to restrict, limit, or deny access to specially identified risk areas. The risks posed by natural hazards can be determined by scientific study. Some kinds of hazards and disasters can be predicted (tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, volcanic eruptions, landslides, etc.) while others cannot (earthquakes).
6 The Statistics of Disasters The natural disasters we study in this course are the result of mankind s interactions with the natural systems around us plate tectonics, magmatic systems, river systems, coastal systems, slope systems, and the atmosphere. On the one hand, we are concerned with how often hazardous events occur, and on the other we are concerned with how often these events become disasters. Consider the following two graphs. The earthquake graph is typical of most kinds of natural hazardous events. Before turning the page, answer to yourself: What do these graphs tell me about 1) how many earthquakes (events) occur over time is there any trend? and 2) how will the population trend affect the number of disasters that occur as a result of those earthquakes? What will graphs of deaths per year and costs of natural disasters look like? Think about these carefully before continuing Quakes per year, M7.0 and greater (source: USGS Nat l. Earthquake Info. Center).
7 As this graph shows, the number of natural disasters is increasing over time. That should come as no surprise when you consider that global population is increasing and people are spreading into more areas around the world. That naturally exposes more people to risk as time goes by more die, and the costs of disasters increases. TheEconomist.com NASA
8 Earthquakes raise some valuable questions and illustrate the roles of public perception, increasing global communications, and increasing scientific instrumentation in understanding natural disasters. From the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC): Q: Why are we having so many earthquakes? Has earthquake activity been increasing? A: Although it may seem that we are having more earthquakes, earthquakes of magnitude 7.0 or greater have remained fairly constant throughout this century and, according to our records, have actually seemed to decrease in recent years. A partial explanation may lie in the fact that in the last twenty years, we have definitely had an increase in the number of earthquakes we have been able to locate each year. This is because of the tremendous increase in the number of seismograph stations in the world and the many improvements in global communications. Tsunami damage, northern Japan (USAID)
9 Think of it this way: How many big events happen in the world today without showing up almost instantly on the internet? Now consider the same big events happening in the 1920 s would you have heard about them soon or at all? Because of instant global communications, we are aware of more events, including disasters, than any generation before us. Naturally, that causes us to think that there must be more earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and hurricanes than ever before. The actual statistics show otherwise. Not only are we aware of more events, but because of increasing scientific instrumentation, we also record more natural events than ever before. With earthquakes, for example, there were only a dozen or so seismometers in the world a century ago. Today, there are thousands. How, then, can we compare the number of earthquakes over that long period of time, when we re obviously recording quakes today that went unrecorded decades ago? The answer lies in what can be recorded. Earthquakes of magnitude 7.0 and greater are recorded by all the seismometers on earth; therefore, if we want to compare the number of earthquakes in recent years to the distant past, we must consider only magnitude 7.0 and greater earthquakes. (In case you re wondering, the total number of earthquakes of all magnitudes follows the same trend as the 7 and greater quakes). That s why the chart on the previous page looks at only large quakes. Beware: there are books and websites out there that ignore this simple reality, and show incorrect trends. Always turn to the authorities for accurate information and explanations (USGS.gov, NOAA.gov, NASA.gov, etc.). Seismometer locations in eastern Idaho and the Yellowstone region. Each red dot is a seismometer. Recording small earthquakes requires a fairly dense network of instruments.
10 Magnitude Versus Frequency Large hazardous events (of all kinds) are less frequent than small events, as illustrated by the earthquake chart below. This makes sense from a practical point of view. A large volcanic eruption, for example, requires accumulation of a large amount of magma, which of course takes a longer time than a small eruption that involves only a small amount of magma. Similarly, the conditions to form a category 5 hurricane require specific, rare factors to come together at the same place at the same time, but a smaller hurricane forms more easily. And so in this course while we study mostly large events, we are personally more likely to experience much smaller versions of them. USGS/NEIC
11 Data Example: Volcanic Eruptions There were 5530 volcanic eruptions worldwide between 1900 and 2009; 238 of those were considered significant by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Several of the significant eruptions caused death, injury, loss of homes, and/or economic loss. The eruptions with the greatest number of deaths, and 23080, occurred respectively in 1908 and Data sources: Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program: Apply what you have learned so far: Given that this chart only lists known (or recorded) eruptions, what might explain the upward trend since the 1940 s?
12 Now consider the following charts. The top one shows events that were large enough to be considered significant. The second shows deaths from significant eruptions per year. As expected, the number of events has no trend, but surprisingly the number of deaths does not, either; in fact, it suggests a slight decrease. This is partly because we have learned how to predict volcanic eruptions and identify volcanic hazards. In simpler terms, we re getting better at getting out of the way. This illustrates another important point: our ability to predict and mitigate hazards of different kinds depends on the type of hazard. NOAA NOAA
13 Before going to the next page, carefully consider this question: From what you have studied so far, what do you think is the trend of flood disasters over time? Consider the nature of floods, the relationships between cities and rivers, our interactions with river systems (in ways we do not interact with quakes and eruptions), and population growth. Now go to the next page and see if your prediction was correct! St. Mark s Square, Venice, Italy, 2012 source: the Atlantic.com
14 Data Example: Floods Hopefully, you re not surprised by this graph! Cities and towns have historically been built along rivers for the supply of drinking and farming water and the trade, communications, and fertile soils they provide. As populations grow, we spread into more and more areas, including flood plains, and we modify river systems. As you will learn in future chapters, urban development also increases the severity of flooding. And so flood disasters are increasing with time. (
15 The Economic Effects of Disasters It may not seem obvious at first, but the answer to this question is quite up for debate: Are disasters good for the economy? As populations increase and more people move into harm s way, this question is gaining interest. In this discussion capital refers to human, natural, or physical resources. Human capital is the labor force the people available to work. Natural capital refers to water, fuels, land, crops, lumber, metals, and so forth. Physical capital refers to roads, utilities, factories, stores, railroads, and so forth. Disasters change the mix of human and physical capital, but in different ways depending on the details of the disaster. A plague, for example, can reduce the number of people available to work while leaving physical facilities and resources untouched. A hurricane, on the other hand, can destroy physical facilities while leaving the evacuated labor force intact. Earthquakes, large volcanic eruptions, and floods, on the other hand, tend to destroy both human and physical capital. Below is the summary of arguments on both sides. Yes, Disasters Are Good for the Economy source 1. Reconstruction stimulates the construction sector. 2. Facilities and infrastructure destroyed in a disaster are usually rebuilt to higher standards and with improved technology, leading to higher productivity and efficiency. This leads to long-term economic improvement. 3. Reconstruction money (grants) stimulates short-term growth throughout the affected community, not just in the construction sector. 4. Because we are getting better at forecasting atmospheric disasters (tornadoes and hurricanes) and death tolls from those disasters are smaller than in the past, meaning the human resources toll is smaller, reconstruction and improved infrastructure and facilities result in a net economic benefit. 5. When a disaster reduces labor capital, there are more physical and natural capital available per person, resulting in increased economic output and wealth per capita. No, Disasters Are Bad for the Economy source 1. When a disaster results in large-scale relocation of people and resources, the affected area s economy shrinks (example: Hurricane Katrina). 2. As a general principle, societies cannot be made wealthier by destroying resources. Otherwise, Beirut would be one of the wealthiest places on earth. 3. Disasters make resources scarce labor, capital, physical facilities, and natural resources thereby reducing economic output. 4. When physical capital is destroyed but labor capital is unaffected, economic output falls and per capita wealth decreases. Be prepared to discuss this topic as we explore case studies throughout the semester.
16 We will apply these foundational definitions, concepts, statistics, and ideas to natural hazards of various kinds throughout the semester. Tolbachik volcano eruption, Kamchatka, 1975, by Vadim Gippenreiter Next: Plate Tectonics
Core Curriculum Supplement
Core Curriculum Supplement Academic Unit / Office EAS Catalog Year of Implementation 2018-2019 Course (Prefix / Number) GEOL / 1370 Core Proposal Request Add to Core Curriculum Course Title Natural Disasters
More informationLesson 8. Natural Disasters
Lesson 8 Natural Disasters 1 Reading is NOT a spectator sport! 2 Reading requires active participation! 3 PREDICT Try to figure out what information will come next and how the selection might end. 4 Natural
More informationRunning Head: HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN OUTLINE FOR MISSISSIPPI 1
Running Head: HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN OUTLINE FOR MISSISSIPPI 1 Hazard Mitigation Plan Outline for Mississippi Name: Institution: HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN OUTLINE FOR MISSISSIPPI 2 Hazard Mitigation Plan
More informationWord Cards. 2 map. 1 geographic representation. a description or portrayal of the Earth or parts of the Earth. a visual representation of an area
Name: Date: Hour: Word Cards 1 geographic representation a description or portrayal of the Earth or parts of the Earth Example: A map is a representation of an actual location or place. 2 map a visual
More information5.2. IDENTIFICATION OF NATURAL HAZARDS OF CONCERN
5.2. IDENTIFICATION OF NATURAL HAZARDS OF CONCERN To provide a strong foundation for mitigation strategies considered in Sections 6 and 9, County considered a full range of natural hazards that could impact
More informationNatural Processes. Were you prepared for the fast approaching storm? Were you able to take shelter? What about pets, livestock or plants?
Have you ever been caught in a storm? You are outside on a summer night and all of a sudden here come the wind, lightning and heavy rain. It starts raining so hard that you can hardly see in front of you.
More informationAssessing Hazards and Risk
Page 1 of 6 EENS 204 Tulane University Natural Disasters Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Assessing Hazards and Risk This page last updated on 07-Jan-2004 As discussed before, natural disasters are produced by
More information"The Big One" by sea and not by land
"The Big One" by sea and not by land By Los Angeles Times, adapted by Newsela staff on 03.24.14 Word Count 629 Surfer Lee Johnson emerges from the water at San Onofre State Beach, Calif., with the twin
More informationThey include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, landslides, and other processes and occurrences. They are included in the broader concept of.
They include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, landslides, and other processes and occurrences. They are included in the broader concept of. In general, natural processes are labeled hazardous only
More information4.1 Hazard Identification: Natural Hazards
data is provided in an annex, it should be assumed that the risk and potential impacts to the affected jurisdiction are similar to those described here for the entire Sacramento County Planning Area. This
More informationHurricane Katrina kills hundreds
www.breaking News English.com Ready-to-use ESL / EFL Lessons Hurricane Katrina kills hundreds URL: http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/0508/050831-katrina-e.html Today s contents The Article 2 Warm-ups
More informationPacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative
Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative PALAU September is expected to incur, on average,.7 million USD per year in losses due to earthquakes and tropical cyclones. In the next 5 years,
More informationInitiative. Country Risk Profile: papua new guinea. Better Risk Information for Smarter Investments PAPUA NEW GUINEA.
Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative PAPUA NEW GUINEA September 211 Country Risk Profile: papua new is expected to incur, on average, 85 million USD per year in losses due to earthquakes
More informationPacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative
Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative TIMOR-LESTE September Timor-Leste is expected to incur, on average, 5.9 million USD per year in losses due to earthquakes and tropical cyclones.
More informationOregon APA Legal Issues Workshop December 7, Tricia Sears, DLCD With information from Bill Burns, DOGAMI
Oregon APA Legal Issues Workshop December 7, 2018 Tricia Sears, DLCD With information from Bill Burns, DOGAMI How this Topic Arrived WE FREQUENTLY HEAR CONCERNS ABOUT LIABILITY AND TAKINGS. Current federal
More information5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS OF CONCERN
5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS OF CONCERN 2016 HMP Update Changes The 2011 HMP hazard identification was presented in Section 3. For the 2016 HMP update, the hazard identification is presented in subsection
More informationBUILDING STRUCTURES ON OR NEAR STEEP SLOPES
BUILDING STRUCTURES ON OR NEAR STEEP SLOPES Benefits of Building Structures on or Near Steep Slopes Why would you ever do this? In some instances, it is the steep slope that people want to be near. Like
More informationM 7.1 EARTHQUAKE 5KM ENE OF RABOSO, MEXICO EXACT LOCATION: N W DEPTH: 51.0KM SEPTEMBER 19, 1:14 LOCAL TIME
M 7.1 EARTHQUAKE 5KM ENE OF RABOSO, MEXICO EXACT LOCATION: 18.584 N 98.399 W DEPTH: 51.0KM SEPTEMBER 19, 2017 @ 1:14 LOCAL TIME Photo: Eduardo Verdugo / AP Photo: Alfredo Estrella/ Agence France-Presse/
More information5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS OF CONCERN
5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS OF CONCERN 2016 HMP Update Changes The 2011 HMP hazard identification was presented in Section 3. For the 2016 HMP update, the hazard identification is presented in subsection
More informationPacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative
Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative VANUATU September 211 Country Risk Profile: VANUATU is expected to incur, on average, 48 million USD per year in losses due to earthquakes and
More informationThe Inevitability and Consequences of Mega-Disasters in a Crowded World
The Inevitability and Consequences of Mega-Disasters in a Crowded World John J. Clague Centre for Natural Hazard Research Simon Fraser University NOAA Katrina 2005 Outline Hazard, risk, disasters, and
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS OF CONCERN
IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS OF CONCERN To provide a strong foundation for mitigation strategies considered in Section 6, the Village considered a full range of hazards that could impact the area and then
More informationNatural Disasters Spring, LECTURE #8: Earthquake Disasters: Monitoring & Mitigation. Date: 1 Feb 2018 (lecturer: Dr.
GEOL 0820 Ramsey Natural Disasters Spring, 2018 LECTURE #8: Earthquake Disasters: Monitoring & Mitigation Date: 1 Feb 2018 (lecturer: Dr. Shawn Wright) I. Exam I - Reminder Feb 6 th next class details:
More informationNATURAL HAZARDS MODULE
NATURAL HAZARDS MODULE Table of Content Vocabulary... 86 Background Infromation... 87 Introduction... 89 Group activity... 90 Worksheets: Oral history... 93 Written history... 95 Mordern planning... 96
More informationMULTI-HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT AND DECISION MAKING
MULTI-HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT AND DECISION MAKING JULINDA KEÇI Epoka University Logo of the institution CONTENT: Introduction Multi Hazard Risks Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment Quantitative Assessment Event
More informationThe Science and Policy of Natural Hazards
Image courtesy of USGS. 12.103 Image courtesy of NOAA. The Science and Policy of Natural Hazards Image courtesy of USGS. Image courtesy of NOAA. Topics Four categories of hazards will be investigated in
More informationPacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative
Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment And Financing Initiative TUVALU is expected to incur, on average,. million USD per year in losses due to earthquakes and tropical cyclones. In the next 5 years, has
More informationGENERAL. CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE GUIDELINES Background of the Guidelines Purpose of the Guidelines...
GENERAL CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE GUIDELINES... 1 1.1 Background of the Guidelines... 1 1.2 Purpose of the Guidelines... 3 CHAPTER 2 APPLICATION OF THE GUIDELINES... 3 2.1 Potential Users
More informationJeopardy. Final Jeopardy $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500
Jeopardy Earthquakes Volcanoes Tsunamis Wildfires Landslides/ Droughts $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Final
More informationEmergency Preparedness Questions
Emergency Preparedness Questions 1. A family emergency plan should NOT include which of the following? a) Information about your children's school(s) b) The name and phone number of an out-of-town contact
More information5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS OF CONCERN
5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS OF CONCERN 2015 HMP Update Changes The 2010 HMP hazard identification was presented in Section 6. For the 2015 HMP update, the hazard identification is presented in subsection
More informationProcesses and Impact of Natural Hazards
The Big Island of Hawaii is the largest of the Hawaiian Islands. It is also home to a very active volcano. The Kilauea volcano has been active since 1983. The lava that flows from the Kilauea volcano has
More informationGlobal Atmospheric Circulation. Past climate change and natural causes. Global climate change and human activity
GCSE Geography Edexcel B Revision Checklist Paper 1. Global Geographical Issues Topic 1. Hazardous Earth Key Idea I know/ understand The world s climate system Global Atmospheric Circulation Past climate
More informationInterpretive Map Series 24
Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Interpretive Map Series 24 Geologic Hazards, and Hazard Maps, and Future Damage Estimates for Six Counties in the Mid/Southern Willamette Valley Including
More informationUnited States Multi-Hazard Early Warning System
United States Multi-Hazard Early Warning System Saving Lives Through Partnership Lynn Maximuk National Weather Service Director, Central Region Kansas City, Missouri America s s Weather Enterprise: Protecting
More informationGeologic Hazards. Montour County Multi-jurisdictional. General. Earthquake
Geologic Hazards General s are very rare in Pennsylvania and have caused little damage with no reported injuries or causalities. s that do occur in Pennsylvania happen deep within the Earth s crust. This
More informationSTEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK. Hazard Analysis Report
STEUBEN COUNTY, NEW YORK Hazard Analysis Report Prepared by: April 1, 2014 Background On April 1, 2014 the Steuben County Office of Emergency Management conducted a hazard analysis using the automated
More informationM-6.2 EARTHQUAKE NORCIA, ITALY AUGUST 24, 01:36:33 UTC
M-6.2 EARTHQUAKE NORCIA, ITALY AUGUST 24, 2016 @ 01:36:33 UTC EARTHQUAKE REPORT - NORCIA, ITALY M-6.2, 24 August 2016 The M-6.2 earthquake had a shallow depth (10 km) and struck approximately 10 km SE
More informationEarthquake Hazards. Tsunami
Earthquake Hazards Tsunami Measuring Earthquakes Two measurements that describe the power or strength of an earthquake are: Intensity a measure of the degree of earthquake shaking at a given locale based
More informationCOMMUNITY EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM FLOODS INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION Floods are one of the most common hazards in the United States. A flood occurs any time a body of water rises to cover what is usually dry land. Flood effects can be local, impacting a neighborhood
More informationUse of Geospatial data for disaster managements
Use of Geospatial data for disaster managements Source: http://alertsystemsgroup.com Instructor : Professor Dr. Yuji Murayama Teaching Assistant : Manjula Ranagalage What is GIS? A powerful set of tools
More information5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS OF CONCERN
5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS OF CONCERN To provide a strong foundation for mitigation actions considered in Sections 6 and 9, County focused on considering a full range of s that could impact area, and
More informationSEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT IN ARMENIA
SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT IN ARMENIA Hovhannes Khangeldyan Head of National Crisis Management Center Rescue Service Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Armenia Tokyo, 2016 ARMENIA: GEOGRAPHICAL
More informationWESTERN STATES SEISMIC POLICY COUNCIL POLICY RECOMMENDATION Earthquake and Tsunami Planning Scenarios
WESTERN STATES SEISMIC POLICY COUNCIL POLICY RECOMMENDATION 18-1 Earthquake and Tsunami Planning Scenarios Policy Recommendation 18-1 WSSPC strongly encourages states, provinces, territories, First Nations,
More informationHow to Use This Presentation
How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select View on the menu bar and click on Slide Show. To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or
More informationPhases of Disaster Response. John Yeaw, Gavin Vanstone, Haochen Wu, Jordan Tyler
Phases of Disaster Response John Yeaw, Gavin Vanstone, Haochen Wu, Jordan Tyler BP Oil Spill One of the worst man made disasters in human history The BP oil spill occurred in April of 2010 when the Deepwater
More informationWHAT HAPPENS WHEN A TORNADO STRIKES THE COMMUNITY? Carroll County Sheriff s Office Emergency Management
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A TORNADO STRIKES THE COMMUNITY? Carroll County Sheriff s Office Emergency Management WHAT IS EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT? Carroll County Sheriff s Office Emergency Management Agency is responsible
More informationNatural Disasters & Assessing Hazards and Risk. Natural Hazards and Natural Disasters
Page 1 of 9 EENS 3050 Tulane University Natural Disasters Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Natural Disasters & Assessing Hazards and Risk This page last updated on 09-Jan-2018 Natural Hazards and Natural Disasters
More informationKNOWLEDGE NOTE 5-1. Risk Assessment and Hazard Mapping. CLUSTER 5: Hazard and Risk Information and Decision Making. Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized KNOWLEDGE NOTE 5-1 CLUSTER 5: Hazard and Risk Information and Decision Making Risk Assessment
More informationDisaster Risk Assessment: Opportunities for GIS and data management with Open DRI
Disaster Risk Assessment: Opportunities for GIS and data management with Open DRI Jacob Opadeyi Department of Geomatics Engineering and Land Management, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine,
More information5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF NATURAL HAZARDS OF CONCERN
5.2 IDENTIFICATION OF NATURAL HAZARDS OF CONCERN To provide a strong foundation for mitigation strategies considered in Sections 6 and 9, County considered a full range of natural s that could impact area,
More information3.1: Identifying Hazards. Introduction
3.1: Identifying Hazards 44 CFR 201.4(c)(5)(i)(ii) The State mitigation strategy shall include the following elements: A Plan Maintenance Process that includes: An established method and schedule for monitoring,
More informationWest Carroll Parish Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Public Meeting. August 25, 2015 Oak Grove, LA
West Carroll Parish Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Public Meeting August 25, 2015 Oak Grove, LA Agenda Hazard Mitigation Planning Process SDMI Staff Risk Assessment SDMI Staff Update on Previous/Current
More informationVirtual Design Center Deliverable 4-2: Three Levels of Assessment
Virtual Design Center Deliverable 4-2: Three Levels of Assessment Project Name Operation Montserrat Test Questions 1. Which of these is an immediate result of the movement of tectonic plates: a) Ocean
More informationFloods. Floods COMMUNITY EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM FLOODS CONTENT INSTRUCTOR GUIDANCE
Floods Floods Introduce this topic by explaining that floods are one of the most common hazards in the United States. A flood occurs any time a body of water rises to cover what is usually dry land. Display
More informationMulti-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan. Table C.10 The Richter Scale. Descriptor Richter Magnitude Earthquake Effects
Geologic Hazards Earthquake Earthquakes are very rare in Pennsylvania and have caused little damage, with no reported injuries or causalities. Earthquakes that do occur in Pennsylvania happen deep within
More informationCOMMUNITY EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM
COMMUNITY EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM INSTRUCTOR GUIDE 40 hour curriculum DEVELOPED FOR: FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE UNITED STATES FIRE ADMINISTRATION DEVELOPED BY: HUMAN
More informationAlso, when Cascade volcanoes do erupt, high-speed avalanches of pyroclastic flows
INTRODUCTION A volcano is a vent through which molten rock escapes to the Earth s surface. Unlike other mountains, which are pushed up from below, volcanoes are built by surface accumulation of their eruptive
More informationBossier Parish Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Public Meeting. August 10, 2016 Bossier City, LA
Bossier Parish Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Public Meeting August 10, 2016 Bossier City, LA Agenda Hazard Mitigation Planning Process SDMI Staff Risk Assessment SDMI Staff Update on Previous/Current Mitigation
More informationIncreasingly technological
QU: How can tectonic events be managed? AIM: To explain the approaches to tectonic hazard prediction, monitoring and event modification. Hazard Modification, Mitigation and Adaption Modify the loss Modify
More informationVolcanoes. Introduction
Volcanoes Introduction Display Slide V-0 Explain that a volcano is a vent through which molten rock escapes to the Earth s surface. Unlike other mountains, which are pushed up from below, volcanoes are
More informationRisk-based land use and spatial planning
Risk-based land use and spatial planning Miho OHARA International Centre for Water Hazards and Risk Management (ICHARM) Public Works Research Institute PWRI), Japan Under the auspices of UNESCO Introduction
More informationFloods Lecture #21 20
Floods 20 Lecture #21 What Is a Flood? Def: high discharge event along a river! Due to heavy rain or snow-melt During a flood, a river:! Erodes channel o Deeper & wider! Overflows channel o Deposits sediment
More informationPerception of Earthquake Risk and Postdisaster
Perception of Earthquake Risk and Postdisaster Reconstruction: Comparative Study of Two Residential Neighborhoods on Different Socio-economic Status in Tehran Seyed Ali Badri University of Tehran, sabadri@ut.ac.ir
More information3l NATURAL HAZARDS AND UNSTABLE GROUND
Page 1 of Section 3l 3l NATURAL HAZARDS AND UNSTABLE GROUND 3l.1 Introduction A natural hazard is the result of natural processes that form, shape and change the environment and interact or potentially
More informationAim: To be able to describe and explain techniques used to predict or reduce the impacts of volcanic eruptions in NAMED locations.
C/W Qu: Can we predict volcanoes? 18/10/12 Aim: To be able to describe and explain techniques used to predict or reduce the impacts of volcanic eruptions in NAMED locations. Starter: Read and correct the
More informationNatural Disasters. in Florida. Severe Thunderstorms
Natural Disasters in Florida SC.6.E.7.7 Investigate how natural disasters have affected human life in Florida. Severe Thunderstorms While the typical afternoon thunderstorm in Florida may not appear to
More informationHurricane Dennis menaces U.S. coast
www.breaking News English.com Ready-to-use ESL / EFL Lessons Hurricane Dennis menaces U.S. coast URL: http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/0507/050711-dennis-e.html Today s contents The Article 2 Warm-ups
More informationNatural Disasters. Why Are There Earthquakes? 197 words. The Power of the Earth 221 words. Big Waves! 188 words
ARTICLE-A-DAY Natural Disasters 6 Articles Check articles you have read: Why Are There Earthquakes? 197 words The Power of the Earth 221 words Big Waves! 188 words The Volcano That Keeps Erupting 228 words
More informationWorld Geography. WG.1.1 Explain Earth s grid system and be able to locate places using degrees of latitude and longitude.
Standard 1: The World in Spatial Terms Students will use maps, globes, atlases, and grid-referenced technologies, such as remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and Global Positioning Systems
More informationA GEOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR DISASTER DECLARATIONS ACROSS THE LOWER 48 STATES
A GEOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR DISASTER DECLARATIONS ACROSS THE LOWER 48 STATES A summary report produced by the Southern Climate Impacts Planning Program (SCIPP) Author: James Hocker Southern Climate
More informationCoastal Resiliency: Planning for Natural Variability and Recovering from Extreme Events
Coastal Resiliency: Planning for Natural Variability and Recovering from Extreme Events Stephanie Showalter, J.D., M.S.E.L. Director, National Sea Grant Law Center University of Mississippi Coastal Hazards
More informationMontserrat Eruption = Monster rat
Montserrat Eruption 1997 = Monster rat Small island in the Caribbean sea Montserrat is a small... Soufriere Hills volcano Key facts: Date: 25 th June 1997 (small eruptions began in July 1995) Size: 4.5
More informationUnit 4. This unit will enable you to improve coordination and communication with State and local agencies when hazardous weather threatens.
Unit 4 This unit will enable you to improve coordination and communication with State and local agencies when hazardous weather threatens. In this unit we will discuss the role of Emergency Managers in
More informationNew A-Level Physical Geography
Half Term 1 3.1 Physical Geography: 3.1.5 Hazards: Plate Tectonics This optional section of our specification focuses on the lithosphere and the atmosphere, which intermittently but regularly present natural
More informationBaldwin County, Alabama
2015 Baldwin County, Alabama Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan I. Comprehensive Plan A multi-jurisdiction plan City of Bay Minette City of Daphne Town of Elberta City of Fairhope City of Foley City of Gulf
More informationERTH20001 Dangerous Earth Lecture Summaries
ERTH20001 Dangerous Earth Lecture Summaries Introduction to Natural Hazards Natural Hazards: Geological and climatic events that pose a threat to human populations, property and activities. Typically uncontrollable
More informationSouth Carolina Standards & Learning Science Grade: 3 - Adopted: 2014
Main Criteria: South Carolina Standards & Learning Secondary Criteria: Subjects: Science, Social Studies Grade: 3 Correlation Options: Show Correlated South Carolina Standards & Learning Science Grade:
More informationHazardous Weather and Flooding Preparedness. Hazardous Weather and Flooding Preparedness
Hazardous Weather and Flooding Preparedness 1 A Cooperative Effort 2 Administrative Information Emergency exits and procedures Location of restrooms Mobile devices Procedure for questions Course materials
More informationWhat Are Disasters? The Rescue Kids Trio!
The Rescue Kids Trio! What Are Disasters? This manual was made possible through funding by the Council of Local Authorities for International Relations. Disasters and emergency preparedness Emergency preparedness
More informationINDIANA ACADEMIC STANDARDS FOR SOCIAL STUDIES, WORLD GEOGRAPHY. PAGE(S) WHERE TAUGHT (If submission is not a book, cite appropriate location(s))
Prentice Hall: The Cultural Landscape, An Introduction to Human Geography 2002 Indiana Academic Standards for Social Studies, World Geography (Grades 9-12) STANDARD 1: THE WORLD IN SPATIAL TERMS Students
More informationRISK ASSESSMENT COMMUNITY PROFILE NATURAL HAZARDS COMMUNITY RISK PROFILES. Page 13 of 524
RISK ASSESSMENT COMMUNITY PROFILE NATURAL HAZARDS COMMUNITY RISK PROFILES Page 13 of 524 Introduction The Risk Assessment identifies and characterizes Tillamook County s natural hazards and describes how
More informationEarthquake Hazards. Tsunami
Earthquake Hazards Tsunami Review: What is an earthquake? Earthquake is the vibration (shaking) and/or displacement of the ground produced by the sudden release of energy. The point inside the Earth where
More informationLocal Weather History
Local Weather History 52 40- to 2+ 50-minute sessions ACTIVITY OVERVIEW P RO J E C T Students design and conduct a survey to learn about the history of weather disasters in the local area, and then compare
More informationNatural Hazards. Earthquakes (Geologic hazard)
Earthquaes (Geologic hazard) The shaing of the ground that results from the fracturing and displacement of roc, that is produced by a fault, or that results from subsequent movement along the fault. Earthquaes
More informationSource:
Source: http://www.pastforward.ca/perspectives/columns/10_02_05.htm At 16:53, on Wednesday, January 12th, 2010, a devastating 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti's capital, Port-au-Prince. The earthquake left
More informationCURRENT AND FUTURE TROPICAL CYCLONE RISK IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC
CURRENT AND FUTURE TROPICAL CYCLONE RISK IN THE SOUTH PACIFIC COUNTRY RISK PROFILE: SAMOA JUNE 2013 Samoa has been affected by devastating cyclones on multiple occasions, e.g. tropical cyclones Ofa and
More information3/3/2013. The hydro cycle water returns from the sea. All "toilet to tap." Introduction to Environmental Geology, 5e
Introduction to Environmental Geology, 5e Running Water: summary in haiku form Edward A. Keller Chapter 9 Rivers and Flooding Lecture Presentation prepared by X. Mara Chen, Salisbury University The hydro
More informationWhy Hydrological Services are Important to Business
Why Hydrological Services are Important to Business Dr. David Green Program Manager, Disasters Earth Science Division David.s.green@nasa.gov May 8, 2018 2 Communities and Areas of Intensive Risk Socio-Economic
More informationHazard Warnings and Warning Systems
Hazard Warnings and Warning Systems Lecture Objectives: -Know the main features and limitations of our national warning system -learn the key features of an effective warning system Sorensen, J.H. (2000)
More informationModule 2, Investigation 1: Earthquake Hazards
Module 2, Investigation 1: Earthquake Hazards Introduction Welcome! In the last module, you assumed the role of a volcanologist and learned how volcanoes are described and monitored. You will now assume
More informationWhat are the social, technical, environmental and economic benefits and opportunities of accessing and sharing geodetic data?
What are the social, technical, environmental and economic benefits and opportunities of accessing and sharing geodetic data? Graeme Blick Group Manager Positioning and Resilience Land Information New
More informationPhysical Geography: Patterns, Processes, and Interactions, Grade 11, University/College Expectations
Geographic Foundations: Space and Systems SSV.01 explain major theories of the origin and internal structure of the earth; Page 1 SSV.02 demonstrate an understanding of the principal features of the earth
More informationThe L.A. Earthquake Sourcebook
The L.A. Earthquake Sourcebook If searched for the ebook The L.A. Earthquake Sourcebook in pdf format, then you have come on to the faithful website. We furnish complete option of this ebook in doc, DjVu,
More informationRISK OF PRINCIPAL DISASTERS IN INDIA AND IMPACTS OF DISASTERS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
RISK OF PRINCIPAL DISASTERS IN INDIA AND IMPACTS OF DISASTERS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT At the Himachal Pradesh Institute of Public Administration Shimla 05. 05.2012 Improve Disaster Management with the
More informationOrting Community College Proposal
Orting Community College Proposal Cedric, Celina, Francine, Sarah, Samuel GEO CORP Located in Washington, 42 miles south of Seattle. Situated between two rivers on fertile plains. Built on lahar deposits.
More informationEarthquakes. These icons indicate that teacher s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page.
Earthquakes These icons indicate that teacher s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page. This icon indicates the slide contains activities created in Flash. These activities are not
More informationNatural hazards risk factors a card sort
Student tasks 1. Cut up the cards below. 2. Read all of the risk factors and explanations carefully. Match each risk factor to its correct explanation. 3. Identify and explain which risk factor you feel
More informationEarthquake Hazards. Tsunami
Earthquake Hazards Tsunami Review: What is an earthquake? Earthquake is the vibration (shaking) and/or displacement of the ground produced by the sudden release of energy. The point inside the Earth where
More informationHurricanes 1. Thunderclouds. cool, dry air falls. warm, moist air rises
Hurricanes 1 Hurricanes are gigantic tropical storms that can be hundreds of kilometres wide. They bring along very strong winds and a lot of rainfall. They often cause flooding near the coasts and sea
More information