UNIT 3: THE CONTINENTS

Transcription

1 UNIT 3: THE CONTINENTS

2 TOPICS 1. The continents 2. Europe 3. Africa 4. America 5. Asia 6. Oceania 7. Antarctica 8. Relief of Spain

3 1. The continents The Earth consist of six continents: Europe, Africa, Asia, America, Oceania and Antarctica. Each continent has its own special features. There are also five oceans: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean and Antarctic Ocean.

4

5 2. Europe Europe is the smallest continent on the Earth after Oceania. It is surrounded by the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Most of Europe is flat: the Great European Plain run across the centre of the continent from west to east. The coast of Europe have many inlets and outlets.

6 2. Europe Islands: o Iceland o British Isles o Balearic Islands o Corsica o Sardinia o Sicily o Crete

7

8 2. Europe Peninsulas: o Iberian o Italian o Balkan o Scandinavian o Jutland

9

10 Mountains: o Pyrenees o Alps o Carpathians 2. Europe o Scandinavian Mountains o Balkans o Apennines o Caucasus o Ural Mountains. Peaks: o Elbrus (5.633m) in Caucasus o Mont Blank (4.810m) in Alps o Aneto (4.404m) in Pyrenees.

11 CAÚCASO URALES

12 2. Europe Lakes: are medium-sized or small: o Ladoga o Onega o Vänern. Inland seas: o Black Sea o Caspian Sea.

13 Mares interiores: CASPIO NEGRO

14 2. Europe Rivers can be classified according to which sea or ocean they flow into. Atlantic Ocean: these rivers are short with regular flow: Vistula, Oder, Elbe, Rhine, Seine and Thames. Mediterranean Sea: these rivers are short with irregular flow: Rhône, Po, Ebro. Caspian Sea: Volga Black Sea: Danube

15

16 3. Africa Africa form a compact landmass It is surrounded by the following seas and oceans: Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean.

17 3. Africa Islands: o Madeira o Canary o Madagascar

18 RED SEA / MAR ROJO

19 Mountain ranges: o Atlas 3. Africa o Drakensberg Mountains Valley: o Rift Valley (a large valley with lakes which was form by the action of geological rift or fault ) Peaks: o Kilimanjaro (5.895) o Kenya (5.194 m.)

20

21 3. Africa Deserts: o Sahara o Kalahari

22

23 3. Africa Rivers can be classified according to which sea or ocean they flow into: Atlantic Ocean: Niger, Congo Mediterranean Sea: Nile Indian Sea: Zambeze, Limpopo

24

25 3. Africa Lakes: o Malawi o Tanganyika o Victoria o Chad

26

27 Capes: o Cape Verde o Cape of Good Hope Gulf: o Gulf of Guinea Peninsula: o Somalia Peninsula 3. Africa

28 CABO VERDE PENÍNSULA DE SOMALIA GOLFO DE GUINEA CABO DE BUENAESPERANZA

29 4. America It is surrounded by the following oceans: Arctic Ocean (north), Atlantic Ocean (east), Pacific Ocean (west), Antarctic Ocean (south). It has three extensive regions: North America, Central America and South America.

30 4. America North and Central America Islands: o Greenland o Newfoundland o Cuba o Jamaica o Hispaniola.

31

32 4. America North and Central America Mountain Ranges: o Rocky Mountains o Appalachian Mountains o Sierra Madre

33

34 Rivers: 4. America North and Central America Arctic Ocean: McKenzie Atlantic Ocean: St Lawrence, Mississippi, Río Bravo. Pacific: Columbia, Colorado

35

36 4. America North and Central America Lakes: o Great Bear Lake o Great Slave Lake o Winnipeg o Great Lakes (Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie)

37

38 4. America North and Central America Peninsulas: o Alaska o Labrador o Florida Sea: o Caribbean Sea

39 Península de Alaka Península de Labrador Península de California Península de Florida Península de Yukatán Mar Caribe

40 4. America North and Central America Gulfs: o Mexico o California Isthmus: o Isthmus of Panamá Strait: o Bering Strait

41 Estrecho de Bering Golfo de California Golfo de México Isthmo de Panamá

42 4. America South America Islands: o Galapagos o Falkland Islands Mountain Range: o Andes Peaks: o Aconcagua (6.959 m.)

43

44 4. America South America Rivers: Atlantic Ocean: Amazon, Orinoco, Parana Lakes: o Titicaca

45

46 4. America South America Capes: o San Roque o Horn Strait: o Magellan Strait

47 Cabo de San Roque Estrecho de Magallanes Cabo de Hornos

48 5. Asia Asia is the biggest continent on Earth. Its frontiers are: o Arctic Ocean (north) o Pacific Ocean (east) o Indian Ocean (south) o Ural Mountains and Caspian Sea (west).

49 5. Asia Island: o Japan o Philippines o Borneo o Sumatra o Java o Sri Lanka.

50

51 Mountain Range: o Himalayas Peak: o Everest (8.848 m.) 5. Asia

52

53 Rivers: 5. Asia Arctic Ocean: Obi, Yenisey, Lena Pacific Ocean: Amur, Hwang-go, Yangtze, Mekong Indian Ocean: Ganges, Indus, Tigris, Euphrates.

54

55 5. Asia Lakes: o Baikal Inland Seas: o Black Sea o Caspian Sea o Aral Sea o Dead Sea (-395m.: the lowest place on the Earth)

56 MAR MUERTO

57 5. Asia Plateaux: Central Siberian Plateaux. Plain: Western Siberian Plain

58 Llanura de Siberia Occidental Meseta de Siberia Central

59 5. Asia Coastal Seas: o Red Sea o Arabian Sea o South China Sea o Philippine Sea o East China Sea o Sea of Japan o Sea of Okhotsk o Bering Sea

60 MARES De Bering De Ojock De Japón Rojo De China Oriental Arábigo De Filipinas Del Sur de China

61 5. Asia Peninsulas: o Arabian Pen. o Hindustan Pen. o Indochinese Pen. o Korean Pen. o Kamchatka Pen.

62 De Kamchatka De Corea De Arabia De Indostán De Indochina

63 5. Asia Strait: Bering Strait. Gulf: Persian Gulf.

64 Golfo Pérsico Estrecho de Bering

65 6. Oceania It is the smallest continent. It is situated to the South-East of Asia. It is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean. It comprises: o Australia o New Zealand o New Guinea o Melanesia omicronesia o Polynesia.

66 Nueva Guinea Nueva Zelanda

67

68 6. Oceania Australia Occupies 89% of Oceania. The main types of relief are: Extensive plateau to the west, with big deserts. Plains in the centre of the island: The Great Artesian Basin. The Great Dividing Range into the east. Peak: Kosciusko (2.230 m.)

69 6. Oceania Australia Gulfs: Gulf of Carpentaria and the Great Australian Bight. River: Murray, with its main tributary, the Darling. Lake: lake Eyre.

70

71 7. Antarctica It comprises a huge continental mass and may islands. Almost the whole area is covered in a layer of ice. It is practically uninhabited due to its low temperatures all the year. There are international agreements to save the area from political and economical exploitation. Some countries have there scientific basis.

72

73 THE END By José Luis Alcaide Juárez Geography & History teacher IES Puerta de la Axarquía