The Comedy of Crystal Lake: GIS Analysis of an Unique Historical Event Using Original Survey and Project Maps
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1 The Comedy of Crystal Lake: GIS Analysis of an Unique Historical Event Using Original Survey and Project Maps Dr. Stacy Leroy Daniels IMAGIN: Mapping the Mitten Traverse City, MI, 16 May 2016
2 ARCHIBALD JONES ( ) President of the Benzie Co. River Improvement Co. Responsible for the enterprise that resulted in the lowering of Crystal Lake by 20 ft in The top of Crystal Lake was too far above the beach!
3 The Tragedy / Comedy The Tragedy : (Sad Beginning) In 1873, Crystal Lake was 38 ft above Lake Michigan. An attempt was made to construct a slack-water canal to Lake Michigan. Whitecap waves washed out a temporary dam. The lake level dropped 20 ft; 76 billion gal of water flushed down the outlet. A 21-mile perimeter of barren beach (230 ft wide) was exposed. A perceived failure of an ill-conceived project by an apparent scapegoat? The Comedy : (Happy Ending) The founding of the Village of Beulah, the coming of the railroad, installation of telegraph and telephone lines, development of lakeside resorts, construction of 1,100 cottages, all connected by an infrastructure of perimeter roads and trails. Property value in 2016 was >$600,000,000. An epochal event that had a permanent bearing on the subsequent development of Benzie County and one of the major incidents of the county's early history. An unqualified success by a visionary celebrated as a local hero!
4 Crystal Lake A Big Footprint Length 8.1 mi Width mi (1.9 mi avg.) Area mi 2 (Total) mi2 (Land) mi2 (Lake) 9,854 Acre (34.4%) (#9-11) (Land/Lake) Volume 741,366 Acre-feet (#3) 32,000,000,000 ft 3 242,000,000,000 gal 916,000,000,000 liters Depth 165 ft (max) (#3) 71 ft (mean) Perimeter mi (top #20) Detention 32 yr Centroid 45 N Lat x -86 W Long (# Rank in MI inland lakes)
5 Crystal Lake It Figures Lake MI (22,394 mi²) = 141 Crystal Lakes (15.40 mi²) If all the water in Crystal Lake was spread evenly over all of Benzie County (assuming it was flat and the water didn t soak into the ground), it would cover the land to a depth of 3-8, or just about head-high for a five-year-old! Lake Michigan (1,180 mi 3 ) = 5,442 Crystal Lakes (0.217mi 3 ) If Crystal Lake (~ 615 ft) had been lowered to the level of Lake Michigan ( ft), the level of latter would have risen ~ 0.3 inch (!) or about %!] It would take a faucet flowing at 10 gallons per minute for 51 years to create the volume of water contained in 1 inch at the surface of Crystal Lake! It would take Benzie folks 4,985 yrs to drink Crystal Lake.
6 Where is Crystal Lake? Centroid: N Latitude; W Longitude About halfway between here and there : Halfway between the Equator and the North Pole (and about 1/4 away around the world from the Prime Meridian). Halfway between the NW edge of the Upper Peninsula and the SE edge of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Opposite a very remote spot in the middle of the Indian Ocean between Australia and Antarctica. (There actually is a Halfway Lake in Luce Co., MI.)
7 Crystal Lake - Viewed from Space SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, & ORBIMAGE, Great Lakes, 21 Apr
8 Crystal Lake & Environs Photograph by Marge Beaver, Photography Plus, 2005.
9 Digital Elevation Model Crystal Lake is ringed by high dunes and moraines.
10 Watershed & Subwatersheds
11 Crystal Lake Its Many Levels
12 The Surveyors John James Hubbell and Friends with Surveying Gear. William Burt s Surveying Co.
13 Crystal Lake (1860)
14 Stock Certificate [(*) Original stock certificate found under a tapestry in the Benzonia Library.] $25 invested at 8% and compounded for 137 years ~ $1,000,000!
15 The Pulling of the Plug!
16 Archie at the Crystal Lake Outlet The Crystal Lake Tragedy released more water (~ 76 B gal) or 19 times the quantity of the Johnstown Flood of 1889, but at a lower rate over a longer period of time. (Shown - ruins of the South Fork Dam & Lake Conemaugh.)
17 Outlet Dam ~
18 Map Showing Sources & Courses of the PLATTE & BETSEY RIVERS, BENZIE COUNTY, MICH. Together with Some of the Obstructions and Proposed Improvements, DRAWN for the BENZIE COUNTY RIVER IMPROVEMENT COMPANY, by B.C. Hubbell, DRAFTSMAN, Benzonia, Mich.
19 Automatic & Manual Lake Levels The 100-yr rain event was equivalent to 1,300,000,000 gal.
20 Crystal Lake Outlet Dam 20
21 Historical Marker at Crystal Lake
22 The Level of Crystal Lake Elevation: 600 +/ ft (IGLD1985) (Summer: 01 May - Oct 31; Winter: 01 Nov - 30 Apr 30
23 Crystal Lake Canal Boat (?)
24
25
26 A Brood of Lakelets Winchell, Alexander, Climate of the Lake Region, Harper s New Monthly Magazine 43(254), (Jul 1871). page 284 (color enhanced). Michigan Groundwater Mapping Project, Public Act 148 of 2003, Michigan Lakes,
27 The Acre-Foot 1 ft ft ft 1 Acre = 1/640 mi 2 = 43,560 ft 2 = chain (66 ft) by 1 furlong (660 ft) ~ 4,047 m 2
28 The Bathtub on the Hill Crystal Lake, a very large, shallow bathtub, filled with clear, cold, hard water, (L 8.1 mi x W 1.9 mi w x D 165 ft sits 23 ft above Lake Michigan. A home bathtub (W 36 x L60 would hold ~ 3/8 of water!
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