CrystalSystems. Hexagonal. Tetragonal. Orthorhombic Monoclinic Triclinic. Cubic. Usewith Chapter4 Sedion4'1. and thetjniverse31.
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1 CrystalSystems Cubic Tetragnal sewith Chapter4 Sedin4'1 Hexagnal Orthrhmbic Mnclinic Triclinic Teaching Transparency and thetjniverse31 theenvirnment, Master9 Earth science:gelgt/, Transparency
2 Crystal Systems Sectin What is a crystal? 2. Hw many sides d crystals f each f the six majr crystal systems have? 3. Pyrbmphite is an example f what crystal system? 4. Hw wuld yu use crystal structure t teli a crystal f pyrite frm a crystal f gypsum? 5, Name a mineral in the triclinic crystal system. 6. nder what cnditins can minerals grw t frm well-defined crystal shapes like thse pictured?.9 s t F ql z 7. D mineral crystals tend t appear in ne f the six well-defined shapes shwn in the table? Why r why nt? :E q B s d 8. Hw are atms arranged in crystalline g2 Transparency Wrksheet 9 Earth Scienci,e: Gelg/, the Envirnment, and the niverse Teaching Transparency
3 Scale MhsHardness TeachingTransparency TransparencyMaster 10 Earth Science:Gelgt, the Envirnment,and the ljniverse 33
4 Name Mhs Hardness Scale Sectin What des the prperty f mineral hardness measure? 2. \{hat is the sftest mineral shwn, and what is its hardness n the Mhs scale? 3. What is the hardest mineral shwn. and what is its hardness n the Mhs scale? 4. Explain hw yu culd estimate the hardness f a mineral that des nt appear n the lvlhs scale. 5. Which cmmn bject will scratch feldspar? 6. Which minerals n the Mhs scale will scratch apatite? Which will apatite scratch? (J 7. What is the hardness f a mineral that scratches g)?sum but cannt scratch calcite? Explain yur answer.!" F.a t z d g i 34 Transparency Wrksheet lo Earth Science: Gelgl, the Envirnment, and the ljniverse Teaching Transparency
5 secnn 4.1 What is a Mineral? In yur textbk, read abut mineral identificatin. se each f the terms belw just nce t cmplete the passage. cleavage clr fracture hardness luster specific gravitf streak texture Gelgists use physical prperties t identify minerals. Fr example, the (16) f a mineral is caused by the presence f different trace eleiments. The way a mineral reflects light frm its surface is called (17), which is described as metallic r nnmetallic. Hw a mineral feels t the tuch is called (18). A mineral's (19) is'the clr f a mineral when it is brken up and pwdered. A measure,f hw easily a mineral can be scratched is called (20) Anther prperty describes hw a mineral will break. If a mineral splits easily and evenly alng ne r mre planes, it has the prperty f (21) jagged edges are said t have (22) expressed as (23) f an equal vlume f water at 4"C. In yur textbk, read abut mineral identificatin. Answer the fllwing questins, while minerals that break alng. The density f a mineral is irsually which is the rati f the weight f a substance t the weight O 24. Canall minerals prduce a streak n a prcelain plate? Why r why nt? B Can minerals with cleavage have m're than ne cleavage plane? If s, give an example. :t f qi : 26. What is the difference between density and specific gravrty? I ;.9! 27. Hw many minerals are represented n the Mhs scale f mineral hardness? What is the range f hardness f thse minerals? Study Guide Chapter 4 Earth Science: Gelgt, the Envirnment, and the ljniverse 37
6 secnn 4.1 What is a Mineral?, cntinued Circle the letter f the chice that best cmpletes the statement. 28. Identificatin tests fr minerals are based n.their a. scientific names. c. clr. b. physical and chemical prperties. d. chemical cmpsitin. 29. The appearance f millcy qlrartz is caused by a. its high density. b. its hardness. c. its magnetism. d. trapped bubbles f gas and liquid. 30. A mineral's hardness with respect t ther minerals can be determined by a. its specific gravity. c. the Mhs scale f mineral hardness. b. its cleavage planes. d. its magnetic prperties 31. Minerals break alng planes where atmic bnds are a. weak. b. strng. c. dense. 32. Minerats, such as quartz, that break alng jagged edges are said t have a. cleavage. b. density. c. fracture. d. magnetic d. special prperties. 33. The rati f the weight f a substance t the weight f an equal vlume f water at 4C is its a. chemical cmpsitin. c. specific gravity. b. weight. d. hardness. In yur textbk, read abut special prperties f minerals. Circle the letter f the chice that best cmpletes the statement r answers tjre questin. - O 34. In duble refractin,light is a, bent in tw directins. b. bent in ne directin. c. bscuredbygas bubbles in the crystal. d. changed t magnetic field. t I!l = F 35. Which mineral bubbles when it cmes in cntact with hydrchlric acid because the calcite releases? a. quartz. b. calcite. c. feldspar. d. mica. 36. Ldestne can pick up irn filings. What special prperty des ldestne have? a. a sticky texture ', c. magnetism b. extreme heaviness d. a rtten-egg smell j E t z O 38 chapter 4 Earth Science: Gelg/, the Envirnment, and the ljniverse Study Guide
7 Name Class Date Minerals srcnru 4.1 What is a mineralt In yur textbk, read abut mineral characteristics.,a,nswer the fllwing questins. 1. What is a mineral? 2. Why is salt classified as a mineral, but sugar is nt? 3. Can minerals ccur as liquids? Why r why nt? 4. Canthe chemical cmpsitin f a single mineralvaty? Explain yur answer. 5. What is a crystal? : F 6. Hw des frming in a restricted space affect the structure f a crystal? E E (, 7. What des the definite crystaliine structure f a mineral cnsist fr 8. Why are feldspars cnsidered t be minerals even thugh their cmpsitins canvary? Study Guide Chapter 4 Earth Science: Gelgy, the Envirnment, and the tjniverse 35
8 secrrn4.1 What Is a mineral?, cntinued readabutminerakthatfrmedfrrn magmaand thatfqmedfrm slutin. In yur textbl<" Fr eachstatement,writetrue r false. 9, Minerals can frm frm the cling f magma. 1O. Density differences can frce magma upward int cler layers f Earth's interir. 11. If magma cls slwly, atms d nt have time t arrangethemselves int large crystals. 12. Small crystalsfrm frm rapidly cling magma. 13. When liquid evapratesfrm a slutin, the remaining elements cannt frm crystals. il4. Minerals can frm frm elementsdisslvedin a slutin. 15. If a slutin remains unsaturated, mineral crystalsmay precipitate. = # ii = (J 36 and the niverse Chapter4 Earth Science:Gelgl,the Envirnment, Study Guide
9 secrfn 4.2 Types f Minerals In yur textbk, read abut mineral uses. Answer the fllwing questins. 1. What makes a mineral an re? 2, Is aluminum an re? Explain yur answer' 3. Can the classificatin f a mineral as an re change? If s, hw? 4, Hw are res deep beneath Earth's surface remved? 5. Hw are res near Earth's surface remved? 6. What tw prblems can result frm remving waste material frm res?? In yur textbl<" read abut mineral grups. Cmplete the table by fifling in the fllwing terms: silicates, carbnates, xiiles. Fg : 7, Calcite, dlmite, and rhdchrsite are examples. 8. Readily frm silica tetrahedrns 9. Cmpsed f ne r mre metallic elements with the carbnate cmpund C0, 10. Cmpsed f silicn, xygen, and anther element 11. Cmpunds f xygen and a metal 12. Magnetite and hematite, bth surces f irn, are examples. 13. The mst cmmn minerals, feldspar and quartz, are examples. 14. Primarv minerals limestne and marble Study Guide Chapter 4 Earth Science: Gelgy, the Envirnmerit, and the ljniverse 39
10 secnn 4.2 Types f Minerals, cntinued In yur textbk, re,ad abut mineral uses. se each f the terms belw t cmplete the statements. pen-pit mines re undergrund mining verlurden 15. A(n) is a mineral that cntains a useful substance that 16. An re lcated deep within Earth's crust is remved by 17. can be mined at a prfit. An re near Earth's surface is btained frm large 18. nwanted rck and dirt, knwn as, are dug up alng with valuable re. In yur textbk, read abut gems. se each f the terms belw t cmplete the statements. abrasive emeralds gem trace elements 19. A(n) is a valuable mineral pized fr its rarity and beauty. 20. Becau3e f their relative rareness, rubies and valuable than diamnds. 21. The presence f are mre can make ne variety f a mineral mre clrfrrl and thus mre prized than ther varieties f the same mineral. 22. The mineral crundum, which is ften used as a(n) can als be fund as rubies and sapphires- O r" t E g s l1 = I t! O 40 Chapter 4 Earth Science: Gelgr, the Envirnment, and the niverse Study Guide
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