Section 5.1 Organizing the Elements (pages

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1 ,f Name Class Date The Peridic Table Sectin 5.1 rganizing the Elements (pages This sectin explains hw Mendeleea rganized elements int a peridic table, It als discusses the predictins he made abut undiscaered elements and hw the discaery f thse elementsupprted his aersin f the table f the table. Reading Strategy (page 1261 Identifying Main Ideas As yu read, cmplete the table by identifying the main idea fr each tpi Fr mre infrmatin n this reading strategy, see the Reading and Study Skills in the Skills and Reference Handbk at the end f yur textbk. Tpic Mendeleev's prpsal Main ldea Mendeleev's predictin Evidence suppfting Mendeleev's table The Search fr rder (page 1261 j 1. Is the fllwing sentence true r false? The first elements t be * identified were mainly gases. E 2. As the number f knwn elements grery s did the need t rganize -s them int grups based n their 3. Circle the letter f each categry that the French chemist Antine Lavisier used t classify eldments. E ^E a. gases b. metals E ct liquids d. nnmetals (l) E, Mendeleev's Peridic Table (pages e1 E 4. Is the fllwing sentence true r false? Mendeleev needed t i rganize infrmatin abut 63 elements. I :- 5. Mendeleev's strategy fr classifuing elements was mdeled n a(n).9 t,!-e 6. Circle the letter f each type f infrmatin Mendeleev knew abut each element. a. name b. number f prtns relative mass d. prperties Physical Science Reading and Study Wrkbk. 47

2 Name Class Date The Peridic Table 7. Mendeleev arranged the elements int rws in rder f s that elements with similar prperties were in the same clumn. 8. Is the fllwing sentence true r false? A peridic table is an arrangement f elements in clumns, based n a set f prperties that repeat frm rw t rw. Hli, i.i.,,,, :l i : : i : i : l ; Li7 ibe9.4 :ib11 i:c12 ;1r1r4,,16 :Ft9 ;t Na23,'1 us24'i,:, N273i s;zg P31 GrupVIII (Cu63) i Zn65, - 68 i - 72i As75, Sc78 i Br80i* (AgI08) 'j C!l2i: [nll3i S"-ll8i Sb122L le-125 C s l 3 3 i B a 3 7 ' D i 1 3 3, C c l 4 0 ; _ / \: : : -i. -: \-/i,, j-,, Er178 i[-a-180,ta182 W184 L n i i (Au t99) i "* 2,i,,'tl24 i rz7 i, gizs i i- ;- ithz3t tljz4 I 127 ',:i j r _.,,,.,1 - j :,, s 195, lr 197, :,,, Pr 198, Au 199, 9. Mendeleev published the table abve tn Why did Mendeleev leave sme lcatins in his peridic table blank? L0. Circle the letters f tw elements that have similar prperties. a. zinc (Zn) b. chlrine (Cl) nitrgen (N) d. brmine (Br) LL. Hw did Mendeleev decide where t place arsenic (As) and selenium (Se)? A\ \-rl -t, m cf, Is the fllwing sentence true r false? Mendeleev was the first scientist t arrange elements in a peridic table. L3. Describe a test fr the crrectness f a scientific mdel. c : ' E L4. Mendeleev used the Icated near the spaces in his table t predict prperties fr undiscvered elements. 15. The clse match between Mendeleev's predictins and the actual prperties f new elements shwed 16. Circle the letter f each element that was discvered after Mendeleev published his peridic table that supprted Mendeleev's predictins and prvided evidence validating the table. a. gallium germanium b. scandium d. aluminum -.. (cr Physical Science Reading and Study Wrkbk.

3 Name Class Date The Peridic Table Sectin 5.2 The Mdern Peridic Thble (pages ) This sectin explains the rganizatin f the mdern peridic table and discusses the general prperties f metals, nnmetals, and metallids. Reading Strategy (page 13) Previewing Befre yu read, cmplete the table by writing tw questins abut the peridic table n pages As yu read, write answers t yur questins. Fr mre infrmatin n this reading strategy, see the Reading and Study Skills in the Skills and Reference Handbk at the end f vur textbk. Questin Questins Abuthe Peridic Table Answer (l) cl) Q) la The Peridic Law (pases 1l-1sl L. Is the fllwing sentence true r false? In the mdern peridic table, elements are arranged by increasing number f prtns. 2. Explain why the number f elements per perid varies. 4 q) ct -. q 3. Prperties f elements repeat in a predictable way when atmic numbers are used t arrange elements int grups. This pattern f repeating prperties is called the -. Atmic MasS (page 1s4) 4. Label the fur types f infrmatin supplied fr chlrine in the diagram. U ct ) ct- /t\ v/ a. b. d. Physical Science Reading and Study Wrkbk. 49

4 Name Class Date The Peridic Table 5. Define atmic mass. 6. Circle the letter f each sentence that is true abut a carbn-72 atm. a. It has 6 prtns and 6 neutrns. b. Scientists assigned a mass f 6 atmic mass units t the carbn-l2 atm. It is used as a standard fr cmparing the masses f atms. d. An atmic mass unit is defined as ne twelfth the mass f a carbn-12 atm. 7. Is the fllwing sentence true r false? Mst elements exist as a mixture f tw r mre istpes. 8. The mass f an atm f chlrine-37 is than the mass f an atm f chlrine-3s. 9. Is the fllwing sentence true r false? All values are equally imprtant in a weighted average. Classes f Elements (pases rs-1s6) 10. Name the three cafegries int which elements are classified based n their general prperties. a. b. LL. Is the fllwing sentence true r false? A11 metals react with xygen in the same way. L2. An imprtant prperty f transitin elements is their ability t frm cmpunds L3. Circle the letter f each sentence that is true abut nnmetals. a. Nnmetals are pr cnductrs f heat and electric current. b. Many nnmetals are gases at rm temperature. Sme nnmetals are extremely reactive and thers hardly react at all. d. Nnmetals that are slids tend t be malleable. Variatin Acrss a Perid (page r38) L4. Acrss a perid frm left t right, the elements becme metallic and nnmetallic in their prperties. L5. Circle the letter f each Perid 3 element that is highly reactive. a. sdium b. silicn chlrine d. argn ra\ \:_r/ E m e -. ia : ' ( - :1. q 50 Physical Science Reading and Study Wrkbk.

5 Name Class Date The Peridic Table Sectin 5,3 Representative Grups (pages ) This sectin discusses hw the number f aalenc electrns fficts the prperties f elements. lt als describes prperties f elements in Grups LA thrugh 8A. Reading Strategy (page 1se) Mnitring Yur Understanding As yu read, recrd an imprtant fact abut each element listed in the table. Fr mre infrmatin n this reading strategy, see the Reading and Study Skills in the Skills and Reference Handbk at the end f yur textbk. Element Magnesium lmprtant Fact Aluminum Chlrine 4 d) ) cl) q) cl q) ct- u CL Y/ Valence Electrns (pase lse) 1. An electrn that is in the highest ccupied energy level f an atm is a(n) electrn. 2. Elements within a grup have the number f valence electrns. The Alkali Metals (pase 14) 3. The reactivitv f alkali metals frm the tp f Grup 14. t the bttm. 4. Sdium is stred under il because it The Alkaline Earth Metals (pase Differences in reactivity amng alkaline earth metals are shwn by the way they react with Find and match tw prperties t each element listed. Alkaline Earth Metal Prperty 6. magnesium a. Helps build strng teeth and bnes 7. calcium b. Helps plants prduce sugar Is used t make lightweight bicycle frames d. Is the main ingredient in limestne Physical Science Reading and Study Wrkbk. 51

6 Name Class Date The Peridic Table The Brn Family (pase List the fur metals in Grup 3,A.. a. 9. Circle the letter f each sentence that is true abut aluminum. a. It is the mst abundant metal in Earth's crust. b. It is ften fund cmbined with xygen in bauxite. It is mre reactive than sdium and magnesium. d. It is a gd cnductr f electric current. The Carbn Family (page List the tw metallids in Grup 4,A.. b. d. a. b. LL. Except fr wateq, mst f the cmpunds in yur bdy cntain The Nitrgen Family (page 143) L2. List the nnmetals in Grup 5A. a. b. 1"3. Name tw elements in the nitrgen family that are cntained in fertilizer. a. b. The xygen Family (page i43) L4. List the nnmetals in Grup 64'. a. - a 15. Name the mst abundant element in Earth's crust. The Halgens hage List the fur nnmetals in Grup 7A. a. 17. Halgens have similar different b. d. The Nble Gases (pase 14s) prperties. L8. Name three characteristics f nble gases. a, prperties but b. 1,9. Hw can an element that des nt react easily with ther elements be useful? -t - )> + q 52 Physical Science Reading and Study Wrkbk.

7 :4 Name Class Date WrdWise The Peridic Table Match each definitin with the crrect term by writing the definitin's number in the grid. When yu haae filled in all the bxes, add up the numbers in each clumn, ru), and the tw diagnals. Hint: The sum shuld be 1-5 in each case. Definitins 1. An arrangement f elements in clumns based n a set f prperties that repeat frm rw t rw 2. Apattern f repeating prperties that ccurs when atmic numbers are used t arrange elements int grups 3. ne twelfth the mass f a carbn-12 atm 4. Elements that are gd cnductrs f heat and electric current 5. Elements that frm a bridge between the elements n the left and right sides f the peridic table 6. Elements that are pr cnductrs f heat and electric current 7. Elements with prperties that fall between thse f metals and nnmetals 8. An electrn that is in the highest ccupied energy level f an atm 9. Clrless, drless, and extremely unreactive gases (lj <l) nnmetals peridic table valence electrn h ) a- 6) metallids transitin metals atmic mass unit peridic law nble gas metals U g ) cl-,\ \v Physical Science Reading and Study Wrkbk. 53

8 Name Class Date The Peridic Table Calculating Average Atmic Mass Carbn has tw stable istpes. Carbn-t2has an assigned atmic mass f and a percentage in nature f 98.93"/'. The atmic mass f carbn-t3 is 13.0m2 and its percentage in nature is 7.070%. \Atrhat is the average atmic -ass rr.uiunz L. Read and Understand What infrmatin are yu giuen? carbn-12: atmic mass : , /, in nature : carbn-13: atmic mass : ,"/" in nature Plan and Slve What unknwn are yu trying t calculate? Average atmic mass fr carbn -? Math Skill: Percents and Decimals want t read l"^l-^*"t Ttl: abut this Math Skill in the Skills and Reference Handbk at the end f yur textbk. Whnt equatin can yu use? (atmic mass C-12) (% C-ID + (atmic mass C-13) (% C-73) - average atmic mass f C Cnaerthe percentages t decimals and multiply the atmic mass f each istpe by the decimal representing its percentage in nature. ( ) (0.9893): runded t 11'.87 ( ) ( ): runded t Add the prducts f the tw multiplicatins t find the aaerage atmic mass fr carbn : 1, runded t Lk Back and Check Is yur answer reasnable? Because almst all the carbn atms in nature are carbn-i? atms, the average atmic mass f carbn (12.01) is clse t the atmic mass f carbn-i2 ( ). Math Practice n a separate sheet f paper, slae the fllwing prbletns. 1. The element brn has tw stable istpes. Brn-10 has an atmic mass f and a percentage in nature f 19.78% The atmic mass f brn-11 is and its percentage in nature is 8022% What is the average atmic mass fr brn? T - -. a : ' '-E q -t Nitrgen has tw stable istpes, nitrgen-i and nitrgen-1s. Nitrgen-1,A has an atmic mass f Its percentage in nature is 99.63%. What is the percentage in nature f nitrgen-1s? 54 Physical Science Reading and Study Wrkbk.