Kenneth L. Finger; Jere H. Lipps; John C. B. Weaver; Peter L. Miller

Transcription

1 Biostratigraphy and Depositional Environments of Calcareous Microfossils in the Lower Monterey Formation (Lower to Middle Miocene), Graves Creek Area, Central California Kenneth L. Finger; Jere H. Lipps; John C. B. Weaver; Peter L. Miller Micropaleontology, Vol. 36, No. 1. (1990), pp Stable URL: Micropaleontology is currently published by The Micropaleontology Project, Inc.. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is an independent not-for-profit organization dedicated to and preserving a digital archive of scholarly journals. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Thu Apr 19 15:17:

2 Biostratigraphy and depositional environments of calcareous microfossils in the lower Monterey Formation (lower to middle Miocene), Graves Creek area, central California Kenneth L. ~in~er,' Jere H. ~ipps? John C. B. weaver; and Peter L. ~ iller~ 1 Chet,r-on Oil Field Research Company, P.O. Box 446, La Habr-a, Calijor-nia '~useumof Paleontology, University of Calijornia, Berkeley, Calijor-nia Department of Geology, UniversiQ of Calijornia, Davis, Cal$ornia khevron U.S.A.,Inc., P.O. B0.u 5024, San Ramon, Caljfornia ABSTRACT: In 1905, Rufus M. Bagg, Jr.. described an assemblage of foraminifers from an outcrop sample of the Sandholdt Member of the Monterey Formation collected along Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. The Graves Creek section has since been referred to often in the regional literature, and has become an important reference section for the Miocene of California and the Salinas Basin in particular. However, microfossils from the Graves Creek section have never been documented in detail. We recovered 187 species/subspecies of Foraminifera, 11 species of Ostracoda, and 24 species of calcareous nannoplankton from 19 samples. Nearly half of the foraminiferal species are new and 31 of them and Kl~inpella,n. gen., are described herein. Many of the previously described species require significant extensions of their published biostratigraphic ranges. The benthic foraminiferal succession is representative of the provincial Saucesian to Luisian stages. Planktic foraminifera represent lower Miocene zones N6 to N8. and the calcareous nannofossils indicate zones CN2 to CN4. Strontium isotope ratios reveal that the sampled section dates from 17.85k0.10 Ma to 16.1fO.l Ma, which implies that the Luisian assemblages are coeval with the upper part of the Relizian stratotype. Paleobathymetrically mixed faunal associations and sedimentary patterns indicate that the strata were deposited as turbidites at water depths between 1500 and 2000 meters. Species indicative of low-oxygen conditions are present in most of the assemblages. indicating that an oxygen-mimimum zone persisted in the Salinas Basin during the early and middle Miocene. INTRODUCTION detailed documentation and interpretation of the Graves Creek microfossil sequence. We anticipate that the results of The Monterey Formation is one of the most extensive and this investigation will be of value in other studies of the economically important stratigraphic units in California. Mipaleontology, biostratigraphy, and paleoecology of the Moncrofossils are common throughout most of the formation, and terey Formation and correlative Miocene units elsewhere thus have played a vital role in its correlation and interpretaalong the Pacific Coast of North America. tion (e.g., Kleinpell 1938; Bramlette 1946). Knowledge of its foraminiferal fauna is rather incomplete, however, as many Location and Geology of its species have never been described nor illustrated in the literature. Graves Creek (T28S, R12E, Atascadero 7.5 minute quadran- Exposures of the Sandholdt Member of the Monterey Forma- gle) is located in the Santa Lucia Range west of Interstate tion in Graves Creek, Atascadero, San Luis Obispo County, Highway 101 between Paso Robles and San Luis Obispo, California, have been considered a "classic" collecting site approximately one mile west of central Atascadero, San Luis and an important biostratigraphic reference section for the Obispo County, west-central California (text-figs. 1 and 2). regional Miocene because of their abundant and well-pre- Access to the section exposed in Graves Creek is from the served foraminifers (Kleinpell 1938, 1980). In reference to Frank residence at 3202 Monterey Road, where there is a sign these foraminifers, Kleinpell (1980, p. 24) stated: for their Hidden Springs Tree Farm. "Perhaps as rich, diverse, and typical a Relizian foraminiferal faunule, in its uppermost zonal and climax community phase, as can be found anywhere in the West Coast range, is that collected by Branner, studied by Bagg, and misinterpreted by Cushman as to stratigraphic position." Yet, upon examining the section, we discovered many undescribed species and a faunal succession that is difficult to correlate with the standard foraminiferal zonation of Kleinpell (1938). The purpose of our study is to provide a The Graves Creek section lies on the southwest flank of the Santa Margarita Syncline, whose axis approximates U.S. Highway 101 (Bagg 1905; Hart 1976) with the beds in the creek striking N19-42"W and dipping 20-39"N. Rocks exposed in the area are the Vaqueros Formation and the Sandholdt Member and overlying Hames Member of the Monterey Formation (Mertz 1984). At the base of the Sandholdt exposed along nearby Santa Lucia Avenue are glauco-phosphatic sandstones that, according to Mertz (19841, might represent an unconformity between the Vaque-

3 K. L. F~ngeret al.: Calcareous nzicrofossils in the lower Monterey Formation, California \: Indan Creek \ Cushman and Kleinpell (1934) documented five species of benthic foraminifera: Robulus branneri n. sp., Bz~liminella henryana n. sp., Nonion pizarrensis W. Berry, Uvigerinella cal~fornicavar. gracilis n. var., and Cancris baggi, n. sp.. In his monumental synthesis of California Miocene biostratigraphy, Kleinpell(1938) revised the taxonomy of the composite assemblage recovered from Branner's locality. In his final epitome. Kleinpell (1980, p. 24) commented: "The true nature of this sample was mentioned by Kleinpell (1938, p ; 1972, p ), and a check list of the species can be compiled by any interested reader through pursuing the references noted in the index under the heading "Henry Ranch" (Kleinpell 1938, p. 420)." TEXT-FIGURE 1 Locality map of central California outcrop sections referred to in this study. ros and Monterey Formations. In Graves Creek, the contact between the Vaqueros and the Sandholdt is buried; the evidence of an unconformity is inconclusive. The Sandholdt crops out in the creek bed and along its banks where it consists primarily of poorly to moderately laminated silty calcareoussiliceous mudstones; they are interbedded with massive (bioturbated) calcareous mudstone, chert, and dolostone, and intruded by a series of sandstone dikes from the Vaqueros Formation (Mertz 1984). Kleinpell (1938) referred to the Miocene depositional basin represented by the Graves Creek section as the Paso Robles Basin; recent workers (e.g. Graham 1976, 1980; Blake 1981a; Mertz 1984, 1989) refer to it as the Salinas Basin. Previous Studies The earliest reference to the foraminifers of Graves Creek is Rufus M. Bagg's (1905) analysis of a Monterey Shale sample collected by J. C. Branner on what was then J. H. Henry's Rancho del Encinal. Bagg's report also includes Branner's brief description of the local geology. Bagg identified 66 species in that Graves Creek sample, including three new species: Sagrina br-anneri,s. californiensis, and S. elongata. Following the style of Chapman (1900), his contemporary on California foraminifera, Bagg derived most of his species identifications and figures from the literature on the Miocene of Europe (Kleinpell 1972, 1980). Unfortunately for later students of the fauna, Bagg (1905) did not indicate the depository of his specimens, which have never been located. The foraminifera of the California Miocene became a focal point of interest as the booming oil industry recognized the value of biostratigraphic correlation in exploration. The lack of resemblance between specimens recovered and the species identified and illustrated by Chapman (1900) and Bagg (1905) led to the abandonment of most of the European binomina in favor of new species. After examining specimens that he recollected from Branner's sample locality, Cushman (1925, 1926) synonymized Bagg's three species of Sagrina as Siphogenerina branneri. Later, a piece of Branner's original sample was found at Stanford University, and from it Kleinpell's "Henry Ranch" assemblage numbers 55 species, which are listed alphabetically in Table 1. Because neither Kleinpell nor we could examine Bagg's specimens, we have refrained from adding our synonymy to theirs. In his dissertation, Lipps (1966) first used our Graves Creek samples to correlate Kleinpell's (1938) benthic foraminiferal stages with the framework of interregional planktic biostratigraphy that had then been recently established for tropical regions. His documentation of planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy in the California Miocene also enabled him to correlate the California stages with the European stages. He assigned his stratigraphically lowest sample at Graves Creek (GC-14) to the Globorotaloides stainfor-thi Zone, placed his other samples (GC-13 to -1) in the Turborotalia pr-aescitula Zone, and correlated both zones with the Relizian stratotype at Reliz Canyon. In a subsequent publication, Lipps (1967a) collectively referred the Relizian Stage at Los Sauces Creek, Naples Beach, Graves Creek, and Reliz Canyon to the upper Catapsydras dissinzilis, Globor-otaloides stainforthi, and Globigerinatella insueta Zones of Bolli (1957, 1966) and Bandy (1964), Zones N5 to N8 of Banner and Blow (1965), and the Burdigalian and part of the Helvetian Stages of Europe. In a similar fashion, Lipps (1968) assigned the lower Relizian Stage at Los Sauces Creek, Graves Creek, and Reliz Canyon to the Catapsydr-ax dissirnilis Zone, based on the concurrent calcareous nannofossils Triquetrorhabdulus car-inatus and Helicosphaera anzpliaperta, and noted that upper Relizian nannoplankton occur in the Catapsydras stainforthi and Globigerinatella inszleta Zones. Lipps's assignments of the lower Relizian to these plankton zones were based on the downward extension of the Relizian into the type Saucesian at Los Sauces Creek as proposed by Redwine et al. (1952) and Carson (1965). This downward extension was not generally accepted by other workers (Bandy et al. 1969; Bandy and Ingle 1970; Bandy 1972a, b; Hornaday 1980), and so Lipps, in the report for The Pacific Coast Miocene Biostratigraphic Symposium (Lipps and Kalisky 1972), revised his assignment of these strata, including the Graves Creek section, from the lower Relizian to the upper Saucesian "pending full documentation of the revisions" proposed by Redwine et al. (1952) and Carson (1965). Thus, the basal exposure at Graves Creek (GC-14 and - 13), yielding Catapsydrax stainforthi, Globigerinoides quadrilobata, Globorotaloides hexagona (= G. suteri), Turborotalia nana, and Triquetrorhabdzllus carinatus, correlates with the upper part of the Saucesian stratotype at Los Sauces Creek and calcareous nannofossil Zones NN1-2 (Lipps and Kalisky 1972). The middle exposure (GC-12 to - 1)remained correlated with the type Relizian and calcareous

4 micro pale onto log^, ~ ol. 36, no. 1, 1990 nannofossil Zones NN3-4 on the basis of the occurrence of Turborotulia rnayer-i, T. nana, G. hexagona. G. quadr-ilobatus, Discoaster- exilis, D. druggii, and Sphenolithus heteromorphus. In his geological report on the Santa Margarita area, Hart (1976) presents a foraminiferal checklist that includes two Graves Creek assemblages analyzed by C. C. Church. He lists 17 species for Sample 160, interpreted as Upper Relizian, and 16 species for Sample 161 (north of Sample 160 and away from creek). interpreted as Lower Relizian. These faunal data suggest that a northeast trending fault, which Hart questionably mapped just to the southwest, extends across the creek and offsets the nearly 400 feet of section unexposed therein. Recently, Graham (1980) provided afield trip guidebook with a cursory report on the Graves Creek section that he derived from his 1976 dissertation on the sedimentary tectonics of the Salinian block. He lists only four foraminiferal assemblages (two were provided by D. L. Durham of the USGS, while the source of the other two is not clearly stated). His lists are incomplete, as his largest assemblage consists of 22 species (our equivalent GC-15 assemblages number species). Because the basal Monterey is completely covered in Graves Creek, Graham resorted to a nearby roadcut along Santa Lucia Avenue to collect his basal Monterey (Saucesian) assemblages. He refers to the lowest outcrops in the creek as yielding "a Saucesian-Relizian boundary microfauna" indicative of lower middle-bathyal ( m) water depths, the "principle exposures" upsection as Relizian and indicative of upper middle-bathyal( m) water depths. and the outcrop beneath the bridge as the "only Luisian exposure" deposited at lower middle-bathyal water depths. A more recent study by Mertz (1984, 1989), on the origin and depositional history of the Sandholdt Member in the Santa Lucia Range, also examined the Graves Creek section. His section includes outcrops stratigraphically above those we examined much farther downstream. Mertz's comments on the foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the section (accredited to G. Blake) differ from those of Graham (1980) by not recognizing the Saucesian Stage. Mertz also was assisted by G. Keller, who interpreted the exposures that we analyze in this report as within the interval of planktic foraminiferal Zones N7-N11. In addition, C. H. Ellis examined the calcareous nannofossils for Mertz, who reported that this interval ranges from the Discoaster ~lariahilis Subzone of the Heiicosphaera ampliaperta Zone to the Sphenolithus heterornorphus Zone. These correlate with Zones CN3 and CN4, respectively (see Perch-Nielsen 1985). MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 18 samples (University of California Museum of Paleontology localities UCMP ) collected by Lipps in 1964 along Graves Creek, and one sample (UCMP 10849) collected by Finger and D. J. DePaolo along Santa Lucia Avenue (locality of Graham 1980) in 1987 (text-fig. 2). The Graves Creek (GC) collection is the sample suite used by Lipps (1966, 1967a. 1968) and Lipps and Kalisky (1 972). Unexposed parts of the section resulted in the stratigraphic breaks in sampling and the approximation of their positions on our stratigraphic column (text-fig. 3). In 1985, Finger recollected the section which duplicated Lipps's seven stratigraphically highest samples. At the time of Finger's TEXT-FIGURE 2 Location of the Graves Creek area and samples exposures. Total sample localites = 18. visit, running water prevented sampling the older rocks which mostly crop out in the creek bed. Because the foraminiferal assemblages recovered from Finger's samples closely resemble those already picked from Lipps's material, and some were not as well preserved, this supplementary collection (CRC-43919) was excluded from further study; several of these rock samples, however, were processed for calcareous nannofossils and diatoms. Finger, Lipps, Miller, DePaolo, and J. O'Kane reexamined the entire section in 1987 but added little to the previous sampling. For the present foraminiferal study, the rock samples were disaggregated by (a) soaking in kerosene, (b) boiling in a solution of sodium bicarbonate, and (c) washing over a 230 mesh (U.S. Standard) screen. After drying, the washed residue of each Graves Creek sample was split between Weaver and Finger, who picked individual suites of assemblage (N>300) slides. Weaver's study, guided by Lipps, constituted the thesis of his 1986 Master of Science degree at the University of California, Davis. For this analysis, Finger's semiquantitative data was augmented with Weaver's presencelabsence data by noting additional species occurrences as "very rare." The semi-quantitative data is based on relative abundances in each of the 60, 100, and 230 mesh screens without any adjustment for grain-size percentages of the total sediment. Hence, the abundances of the larger species in these mudstones are likely to be exaggerated. Fully quantitative counts would have been futile because most of the residue consisted of incompletely disaggregated mud and immature specimens of irrelevant species. Lipps (1966. p. 149) estimated that planktic foraminifers, the majority of which are recovered in the 230 mesh screen, commonly comprise more than 80% of the tests in each sample. For the taxonomic part of this study, Finger and Weaver independently compared their foraminiferal specimens with Kleinpell's collection in Stanford University and the Cushman Collection in the U.S. National Museum. All of the

5 K. L. Finger- et 01.: Calcareous micr-ofossils in the lon~er- Morzter-ey Formation, Califor-nia TABLE 1 Kleinpell's synonymy of Bagg's Graves Creek assemblage. (A question mark precedes each taxon for which Kleinpell was uncertain of his synonymy.) Klein~ell(1938) Bae~(1905) Anomalina salinasensis Anomalina ammonoides Anomalina salinasensis Anomalina rotula Baggina robusta Discorbim allom~rphinoides Bolivina brevior Bolivinapunctata Bolivina californica Bulirnina buchiana Bolivim conica B. punctata var. substriata Bolivina imbricata Bolivina aenariensis Bolivim imbricata Bolivina dilatata Bolivina imbricata B. dilatata var. angusta Bolivina turnida Bolivina textilarioides Bulimina ovata Bulimina ovata Bulimina ovata Bulimim pupoides Bulimina pseudoajinis Bulimina ajinis Buliminella henryam Buliminella eleganhssima Buliminella henryana Buliminella elongata Cancris baggi Pulvinulina auricula Cancris brongniartii Pulvinulina brongniartii Dentalina cf. D. communis Nodosaria communis Dentalina obliqua N. consobrim var. emaciata Dentalina obliqua Nodosaria puperata Dentalina obliqua Nodosaria farcimen (not found) Nodosaria filiformis (not found) Nodosaria obliqua Dentalina obliqua N&mia radicula Dentalina obliqua Nodosaria soluta Dentalim roemeri Nodosmia roemeri Elphidiwn granti Polystomella crisp Globigerina bilobata Globigerina bilobata Globigerina bulloides Globigerina bulloides Globigeri~cretacea Globigeri~cretacea Globigerim dubia Globigerim dubia?gyroidina relizana Rotalia soldanii Hemicristellaria beali Crirrellaria crepidula Lage~apiculata Lagena apicukzm Lagena globosa Lagena globosa Lagena gracilis Lagena gracilis Lagena marginata Lage~marginata Lagena sulcata Lagena sulcata Lenticulina relizensis Cristellaria gibba Nodogenerina &em Nodosaria consobri~ N. advena var. hughesi Nodosaria adolphina Nodosaria longiscata (not found) Nodosaria paredis (not found)?nonion cf. N. communis Nonionina communis Nonion pizarrensis (not found) Nonion umbilicaturn Nonionina umbilicatum (not found) Orbdim wu'versa Planulim baggi Anomalina ariminensis Planulim baggi Truncatulim lobatula Planulim baggi Truncatulina wuellerstorji Pullenia aff. P. miocenica Pullenia sphaeroides Pulvinulinella subperuviana Truncatulina pygmaea Robulus branneri (not found)?robulus hughesi Cristellaria articulata Robulus cf. R. gerlandi Cristellaria germ Robulus hughesi Cristellaria carsis?robulus mayi Cristellaria crepidula (not found) C. crepidula var. gladius Robulus miocenicus Cristellaria miocenicus Robulus reedi?robulus simplex Cristellaria gerlandi Crisrellaria rotukzta (not found) Rotalia beccarii Siphogenerina branneri Sagrina branneri Siphogenerina branneri Sagrina californiensis Siphogenerina branneri Sagrina elongata Siphogenerina branneri Uvigeri~pygmaea Uvigerinella caljfornica Ungerina canariensis U. californica var. gracilis Uvigerina tenuisniata Valvulineria californica var.appres,sa Truncatulina variabilis V. californica var. obesa Nonwnina pompilioides Valvulineria depressa Anomalina grosserugosa Valvulineria williami Nonwnina boueana Virgulina californiensis Bulimina elegans species in the recovered fauna, including ostracodes, are illustrated as scanning electron micrographs on plates 1-13 accompanying this report. Most of the calcareous nannoplankton species are illustrated on plates 14 and 15. DATA AND RESULTS The Santa Lucia AvenueIGraves Creek collection yields 163 benthic and 24 planktic species of foraminifera (see Species Reference List, table 2, plates 1-12). In contrast, only 80 benthic species comprise the composite assemblage listed by Mertz (1984) for 27 Sandholdt samples from six localities, including four samples from Graves Creek. The 19 assemblages comprising the present study range in size from 49 to 87 species. The Graves Creek assemblages recovered by Bagg (1905) and Kleinpell (1938) are within this range, but those recorded from this locality by Church (it? Hart 1976) are much smaller and most certainly incomplete. Even though we interpreted species definitions broadly, nearly half of the taxa recovered in this investigation have never been described. The washed residues also yielded ll rare species of marine ostracodes (see plate 13) assigned to the following genera: Atnbostr-ucon (two species), Aur-ila, Coquinzha, Hemicytherur-a, "Hertnanites," Kangar-ina, Losoconc.ha, "Micr-ocyther-ur-a,'' Munseyella, Paracosta, and Pectocyther-e. All of these species have affinities with species previously recovered from the regional Neogene. Slides prepared for calcareous nannofossils contain 24 species from 11 of the samples (see Species Reference List, table 3, plates 14 and 15). Although large radiolarians occasionally were recovered in the washed residues, slides prepared for diatoms were barren; this is not surprising, as Baldauf and Barron (1982) were unsuccessful in finding diatoms in the type Relizian rocks of Reliz Canyon. Correlation with the "Henry Ranch" Sample Locality The locality described and mapped by Branner (in Bagg 1905) as "in the bed of Graves Creek, about 500 feet south of J. H. Henry's ranch house" appears to be the same as our upper exposure which now is situated beneath the Monterey Road Bridge (see text-fig. 2), although varying water levels and more than a half century of erosion preclude a precise match of localities. Similarities between the previously described foraminiferal assemblages (table 1) and those documented herein for the GC-15 suite (table 2) support the inference that Bagg (1905), Cushman and Kleinpell (1934), and Kleinpell (1938) utilized material collected only from this part of the section. Most notable among the faunal data is that none of the forementioned lists Siphogenerina hughesi, a distinct smooth-surfaced form which Kleinpell (1938) designated as the index for his Lower Relizian Zone which bears its name. This species and a very finely striate variety (both assigned herein to Rectuviger-ina) are common in most of the samples collected from the middle exposure. Because Kleinpell (1938, 1980) restricted S. hughesi to the Lower Relizian and referred to Bagg's assemblage as Upper Relizian, these previous foraminiferal studies evidently did not analyze the samples downsection (upstream) from our GC-15 locality.'the relative abundances of species recorded by Bagg most closely resembles the faunal data from our sample GC-15a, which was collected at the stratigraphic base of the upper exposure under the bridge.

6 Micropaleorztology, vol. 36, no. 1,1990 Chronostratigraphy Although the present study emphasizes the foraminiferal fauna, data on calcareous nannofossils and strontium isotopes refine the ages assigned to the Graves Creek section. Benthic foraminiferal associations in the California Miocene are environmentally controlled to a great degree and the biostratigraphic units that they characterize may be more or less time-transgressive (see Blake 1981a). Similarities between our benthic foraminiferal assemblages and the thanatofacies characterizing Kleinpell's (1938) stages suggest that the Graves Creek section ranges from the late Saucesian to the early Luisian, as previously interpreted by Graham (1980). Although Kleinpell (1938) subdivided this interval into the Uvigerinella obesa, Siphogenerina hughesi, Siphogenerina branneri, and Siphogenerina reedi Zones, we believe these subdivisions are best confined to local correlations as they are difficult to recognize elsewhere and are not based on valid criteria for interbasinal biostratigraphic correlation (see Crouch and Bukry 1979; Arnal et al. 1980). Revised criteria used to recognize Kleinpell's stages and zones (i.e. Kleinpell 1980; Billman and Hopkins 1980; Blake 1985) have not solved the problem, as they continue to rely on "characteristic" associations defined with many species that cannot be clearly distinguished from related forms. In addition, many of the species have ranges which extend beyond those documented in the literature. In comparing our Graves Creek assemblages with many other coeval assemblages from the Monterey Formation, including those from stratotype sections, we have found the faunules to have little geographic continuity. Because three separate sequences were exposed in Graves Creek when our material was collected, stratigraphic breaks make demarcation of temporal changes in the benthic fauna easy. Had the section been continuously exposed when collected, we suspect that the faunal succession would appear much more gradual and, therefore, considerably more difficult to separate into biostratigraphic units. The relatively narrow stratigraphic intervals of the lower and upper exposures lessens our confidence that the absences in those strata of certain "middle exposure" species have any real significance in interpreting the sequence. Nevertheless, we summarize below some of the more obvious changes in the benthic foraminiferal succession (see table 2). For the most part, our planktic foraminiferal identifications and age determinations are based on Kennett and Srinivasan's (1983) Neogene atlas and Bolli and Saunders's (1985, figs. 9-10) range chart. Because the species ranges listed in these studies are not all identical, we have combined them for the ranges noted below. Several discrepancies between our findings and these global syntheses may be the result of our relatively scanty data set and/or their relative lack of data on the Miocene of the Northeast Pacific. The biostratigraphic interpretations are related to the zonation charts of Barron (1986a) and Miller (1 987). Calcareous nannofossil zones are based on Perch-Nielsen (1 985) with species ranges modified for California, and they are correlated with foraminiferal zones and the numerical time-scale according to Barron (1986a, 1986b) and Miller (1987). Figure 4 summarizes biostratigraphic correlations devised for the Graves Creek section. Significant data used in age-dating the section are as follows: W r 1000 r Sample Number... GC-15d Upper Exposure I==-GC-15a Section not exposed Middle Exposure GC-13 GC-14 Lower Exposure SL-1 Basal Exposure (Santa Lucia Ave.) TEXT-FIGURE 3 Stratigraphic column of the composite Graves Creek Section. Basal exposure, Santa Lucia Avenue (SL-1): The basal Monterey Formation yields an assemblage characterized by abundant Rectuligerina, predominately the bladed morphotype, R transversa. This form is similarly abundant in the type Saucesian at Los Sauces Creek and coeval strata throughout much of central California (Kleinpell 1938, 1980). Associated benthic species not recovered from the younger Graves Creek strata are Astacolus sp. H, Gaudlyina pliocenica, and Malginulinopsis sp. The absence of Rectuligerina hughesi and other species which generally have their first appearances in the Relizian support the Saucesian age assigned to these beds. The concurrence of planktic foraminifers Catapsgdras stainforthi, Globigerinoides quadrilohatus, Globoquadrina baroernoenensis, Glohorotalia praescitula. Glohorotaloides suteri, and Neogloboquadrina continuosa suggests that this sample is within the interval of Zones N6 to N7. This designation is further supported by the common occurrences of Sphenolithus helernnos and the absence of S. heterornorphus. The Sphenolithus belemnos Zone also is present just above and below the bentonite bed which separates the Rincon Formation from the Monterey Formation at Los Sauces Creek (Warren 1980). Very rare S. helernnos also occur within the Siphogenerina transl>ersa Zone of the Saucesian Stage immediately above the bentonite bed at Naples Beach (Miller,

7 K. L. Finger et a/.: Calc,areous rnic,l-ofossils in the Io~,el- Monterey For.rnation, California TABLE 2 Faunal checklist.

8 Micropaleontology, vol. 36, no. 1, 1990 TABLE 2 Continued Gbborotaba zwkndca I I I I I I I I 1 I I I 1VR1 I!VRI 1 I Gbqennrla uwla OSTRACODES

9 K. L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the lower Monterev Fornzation, California TABLE 3 Floral checklist unpubl. data) and in the uppermost Vaqueros Formation at Reliz Canyon (Miller 1987). Strontium isotope analysis of foraminiferal calcite from the basal sample (SL-1) indicates an age within the interval of Ma, although correlation with DSDP site 575 indicates that the onset of Monterey deposition occurred Ma (DePaolo and Finger, in press). This date correlates with the top of planktic foraminiferal Zone N6 and the upper part of calcareous nannofossil Zone CN2, which correlate with the Plectofrondicularia mrocenica and Uligerinella obesa Zones of the Saucesian Stage at Reliz Canyon and Los Sauces Creek. Lower exposure, Gralses Creek (GC-14 and -13): The faunule recovered from the lower exposure of the Monterey Formation in Graves Creek includes most of the species which occur in the basal unit along Santa Lucia Avenue. The Graves Creek assemblages, with abundant Rectul'igerina trans13ersa and no R. hughesi, are similarly characteristic of the Saucesian Stage. Other benthic species abundant in both samples are Bulirninella subfusiformis, Uvigerina subperegrina, and Valvulineria miocenica. R. transversa and eight rare species are not seen higher in the section. The Saucesian benthic faunule, which includes the Santa Lucia Avenue assemblage, totals 84 species. The concurrence of planktic foraminifers Catapsydrax stainforthi, Globorotalia birnageae, Globorotaloides suteri, and Neogloboquadrina continuosa suggests that the lowest outcrops in Graves Creek are within Zone N7. The presence in the lower creek beds of the calcareous nannofossil Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus (Lipps 1969; Lipps and Kalisky 1972) indicates an age no younger than the Sphenolithus belemnos Zone, or lower CN2. Strontium isotope analysis of foraminiferal calcite from the lowest Graves Creek sample (GC-14) indicates an age of Ma (DePaolo and Finger, in press), similar to that determined for SL- 1. This date is within the top of planktic foraminiferal Zone N6 and within the upper part of calcareous nannofossil Zone CN2. These correlate with the Plectofrondicularia miocenica and Uvigerinella obesa Zones of the Saucesian Stage at Reliz Canyon and Los Sauces Creek. Middle Exposure (GC-12 to -1): The predominant Rectuvigerina in the lower part of the middle exposure (GC- TEXT-FIGURE 4 Age determination for the Graves Creek Section 12 to -10) is the smooth-surfaced morphotype identified as R. hughesi. A similar trend in this plexus is found in the lower Relizian stratotype in Reliz Canyon as well as other nearby sections (Kleinpell 1938, 1980). Higher in this interval, a finely striate form, named herein as Rectul'igerina loeblichi and referred to by others as R. hughesi var. (e.g. Woodring and Rramlette 1951; Kleinpell 1980, p. 33) becomes more common. Surprisingly, this variety has not been illustrated in studies that emphasize the "Siphogenerina" plexus in biostratigraphic correlation (i.e. Kleinpell 1938, 1980; Lamb and Hickernell 1972; Kleinpell and Tipton 1980). The middle exposure yields 74 benthic species not seen in the lower section. In the lower part of the middle exposure (GC- 12 to GC-8), first appearances include Baggina californica, Bolivina blakei n. sp., Bolivina churchi, Dentalina pseudoobliqua n. sp., Frondicularia cf. F. bulbosa, Globocassidulina neopulchella n. sp., Hansensica rotundimargo, Lenticulina hughesi, Lenticulina luciana, Parafrondicularia miocenica, Plectofrondicularia californica, Pullenia malkinae, and Valvulineria californica. Higher in the middle section (GC-7 to GC-1) are found the first appearances of Bolivina advena ornata, Bolivina conica, Bolivina granti, Bolivina imbricata, Bolilina modeloensis, Buccella oregonensis, Cancris baggi, Elphidium granti, Gavelinopsis durhami n. sp., Gavelinopsis holkos n. sp., Marginulinopsis beali, and Pullenia inglei, n, sp.. Conspicuously absent from this part of the section is Cibicidoides cushmani, which was abundant below. The planktic foraminiferal markers are Globigerirla quinqueloba, Globigerinoides altiaperturus, Globigerinoides quadrilobatus, Globorotalia mayeri, Globorotalia praescitula, Globorotaloides suteri, and Neogloboquadrina continuosa. The concurrent range of these species is Zones N6-N7, indicating that this exposure, like those below it, is within Zone N7. The recovery of a single specimen of Protentellaprolisa? suggests that the genus, and possibly the species, evolved much earlier than previously

10 Mrcr-opaleontology, \,ol. 36, no. 1, 1990 Paleobathyrnetric Biofacies (Selected S~eciesl (Modified from Ingle. 1980, 1985;'Denotes Low-Oxygen Zone Indicators) Inner Neritic (0-50 m) Buliminella eleganbss~ma, Buccella oregonensfs, Elphidium grant/, Nonfonella miocen~ca, Pseudononfon basispinatum, Pseudononlon cost~ferum Outer Neritic ( m) Boliv~na tong; filacostata, Hanzawa~a depaolo~, Holmanella bagg~, Marginulinopsfs bealf, Pullenia malk~nae, Valvuhneria miocenlca Upper Bathyal( m) Baggina californ~ca, Bol~vfn advena, B, advena ornata: B. brewor, B. californica, B modeloensis, B. parva, B, tumida, Buliminella subfusfformfs, Cancns baggi, Globocassiduhna neomargareta, lslandiella modeloensfs, Klefnpella calfforn~ensfs: Oridorsalis subtenera, Pseudoparrella subperuvlana, Suggrunda kle~npellf: Uvfgerina subperegrina: Uvigennella californica, U californica ornata, Valvulfnera californica, V, robusta Upper Middle Bathyal (500-1,500 m) Bohvfna blakef, B. conica, B, grant;, B. imbncata, B. pseudosp~ssa, Bulimfna inflata, 6. subacum~nata, B. subcalva, Ch~lostomella ovoldea: Dentalfna commun~s, Island~ella cannata, Megastomella capitanensis, Oridorsalfs umbonata, Paracassfdulfna delicata: Protoglobobul~m~na pseudotorta, Rectuv~genna spp. Sphaeroidina ch~lostomata, Uvfgenna hootsi' Lower Middle Bathyal (1,500-2,000 m) Anomal~nofdes salinasensfs, Cibic~do~des cushman~, Gyroidina healdf, Hansenfsca rotundfmargo, Nodogenerina spp., Parafrondicularia mfocenica, Plectofrondiculana californ~ca, Proxffrons advena, Pullenia m~ocenfca, Siphonodosaria spp. TEXT-FIGURE 5 Depositional paleoecology of the Graves Creek foraminifers believed. The middle exposure also yields the calcareous other names (e.g. R. collomi) to some of the morphotypes nannofossils Cyclicar-golithus floridanus, Discoaster- found here, but these are poorly defined species which we deflandrei, Discoaster exilis, Helicosphaera ampliaperta, H. consider to be ecophenotypic variants of this highly variable scissura, and Sphenolithus heter-omorphus, but neither species. Only six benthic species make their first appearances Triquetrorhabulus car-inatus nor Sphenolithus belemnos, in this part of the section, most notably Lenticulina branneri, suggesting that it is within the Helicosphaer-a ampliaperta Lenticulina miocenica, and Pullenia miocenica. Perhaps the Zone, or Zone CN3. This interpretation also correlates with similar calcareous nannofossil data from Kleinpell's faunal break is most apparent in the absence here of 79 species stratotypes for the U~~igerinella obesa Zone of the upper found in the middle exposure. Conspicuously missing are Saucesian Stage at Los Sauces Creek and the Siphogenerina Bolivina blakei, Bolivina churchi, Bolivina conica, Bulimina hughesi and S. br-anneri Zones of the Relizian Stage at Reliz subacuminata, Frondicularia cf. F. bulbosa, Canyon (Miller 1987). Globocassidulina neopulchella, Lenticulina hughesi, Parafrondicular-ia miocenica, Plectofrondicular-ia Strontium isotope analyses of foraminiferal calcite from the californica, Protoglobobulimina pseudotor-ta, Pullenia inmiddle exposure indicate an age range of Ma glei, Rectuvigerina hughesi, Rectuviger-ina loeblichi, (DePaolo and Finger, in press). This age is within planktic Siphonodosar-ia quadr-ulata, and Siphonodosar-ia monter-ey- foraminiferal Zone N7 and calcareous nannofossil Zone CN3. These plankton zones correlate with the type Siphogenerina ana n. sp.. The upper faunule is transitional between the branner-i and S. hughesi Zones in the Relizian stratotype at Relizian and Luisian faunas described by Kleinpell (1938, Reliz Canyon. 1980), indicating that these strata may be at or near the Relizian/Luisian boundary. We view the GC-15 assemblages Upper exposure (GC-15 suite): A diverse group of costate as having their greatest affinity with associations referred to Rectu~~igerina, all assigned here to R. branner-i, predominates the Luisian Stage elsewhere in central and southern Califorthe plexus in the upper exposure. Other workers might apply nia.

11 K. L. Finger et a/.: Calcareous microfossils in the lowser- Monterey Formation. Califor-nia The planktic foraminifera1 markers are Globigerina found lower in the section, suggest that the upper exposure quinqueloba, Globigerinoides quadrilobatus, Globorotalia may be restricted to Zone N8. praescitula, and Globorotalia zealandica. These species have a concurrent range of Zones N6-N8, but the assignment of Bagg (1905) recorded Orbulina universa, and its synonym the older assemblages to Zone N7 implies that this association ~ l ~ bbilobata, i ~ in ~ his ~G~~~~~creek i ~ ~ assemblage, hi^ is within the interval of Zones N7 to N8. The absences of record is perplexing, as the species$ first appearance datum Catapsydrax stainforthi and Globigerinoides altiaperturus, is at the base of zone~ 9 which, is younger than the age we have interpreted for our highest sample. We did not find the PLATE Amphimorphina amchitkaetzsis, GC-8: 1, lost microspheric 28 Nodogeneritzu parkeri Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: GC-8,holospecimen, side view, x45.2, megaspheric specimen, UCMP type, UCMP type number 38238, side view, x56. type number , side view, x40.3,5, UCMP type number 38219: 3, side view, late segment, x60; 5, oblique apertural view, x UCMP type number 38220, cross-sectional view. x58. 6, 7 Chrvsalogonium californiensis, Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-12, holotype, UCMP type number 38221: 6, side view of aperture, x168; 7, side view, x50. 8 Denralina communis: GC-4, UCMPtype number 38222, side view, x Nodogenerina rappani Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: 29,30, GC- 1, holotype, UCMP type number 38239: 29, apertural view, x65; 30, side view, x34. 31, GC-2, paratype, UCMP type number 38240, side view, x Nodogener-ina paresilis: 32, GC-9, UCMP type number 38241, side view, x45. 33, 34. GC-3, UCMP type number 38242: 33, apertural view, x112; 34, side view, x34. Siphonodosar-ia ad1,ena: 35, 36, GC-3, UCMP type number 9 Dentalitza roemer-i: GC- 11, UCMP type number 38223, side 38243: 35, megaspheric specimen, apertural view, ~106; 36, side view, x41. 37, GC-7, microspheric specimen, UCMP view, x56. type number 38244, side view, x Dentalina pseudoobliqua, Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: GC-4, Siphonodosar-ia quadr-ulata: 38, GC-2, UCMP type number holotype, UCMP type number 38224, side view, x ,side view, x39.39, GC-3, UCMP type number 38246, side view, x34. 40, GC-9, UCMP type number 38247, side 11 Denralina lagoei, Finger and Lipps, n, sp.: GC-13,holotype, view, x22. 41, 42, GC-9, UCMP type number 38248: 41, UCMP type number 38225, side view, x112. apertural view, x92; 42, slde view, x Denralina atascaderoensis, Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: GC-9, holotype, UCMP type number 38226, side view, x ~~d~~~~~~~~~sagr-inensis: 43, ~ c.7, lost spec,men, side view, x70. 44, 45, GC-7, UCMP type number 38250: 44, 13 Denralina sp. F: GC-9, UCMP type number 38227, side apertural view, x168; 45, side view, x62. view, x Lagena alcocki: GC-8, lost specimen, side view, ~ , 15 Nodosar-ia ewaldi: 14, GC-12, UCMP type number 38228, side view of later segment, x30. 15, GC-14, UCMP type Lagetza discrepans: GC-13, lost specimen, side view, ~201. number 38229, composite side view of two specimens, x23. Lagena laevis: GC-9, UCMP type number 38253, side view, 16 Nodosar-ia irregularis: GC-7, UCMP type number 38230, x224. side view of early segment, x50. Lagetza lisbonensis: 49, GC-13, lost specimen, side view, 17 Nodosaria ohispoensis Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: GC-15a, X I 16.50, GC-3, UCMPtype number 38255, side view, x106. holotype, UCMP type number 38231, side view, x45. Lagetza mesicana: GC-13, lost specimen, side view, ~ Nodosaria fr-atzki Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: GC-8, holotype, Lagena pacfica: GC- 11, lost specimen, side view, x 194. UCMP type number 38232, side view, x73. Hvalitzonetr.ion "elotzgata" : GC- 13, UCMP type number 19, 20 Nodosarra wea,,err, Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-12, holo , side view, x56. type, UCMPtype number 38233: 19, apertural view, x57; 20, side view, x3 1. Lagena cf. L. pliocetzica: GC-3, UCMP type number 38259, side view, x Nodosar-iaperversa: GC-12, lost specimen, side view, x50. Lagena timmsana: 55, GC-3, UCMP type number 38260, 22, 23 Siphotzodosaria monrer-eyana Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-7, side view, x , GC-3, UCMP type number 38261, side holotype, UCMP type number 38235: 22, apertural view, view, xl19.57, GC-15a, variant, UCMPtype number 38262, x79; 23, side view, x3 1. side view, ~ , GC-3, variant, UCMP type number 24, 25 Siphonodosar-iasp. D, GC-6, UCMP type number 38236: 24, 38263, side view, x99. apertural view, x134; 25, side view, x Lagena sp. C: GC-14, lost specimen, side view, ~ , 27 Siphonodosar-ia ad,,ena, GC- 1 5a, UCMP type number 60 Lagena apiopleur-a: GC-9, UCMP type number 38265, side 38237: 26, apertural view, x50; 27, side view, x24. view, x224.

12 Finger, Lipps, Weaver, and Miller PLATE I micropaleontology, volume 36, number 1 11

13 K. L. Firzger et al.: Calc,a~.eous mic,rofossils iri the lo~,er. Molzterep Formatiori, Cali'rriia species in any of our samples in spite of careful examination and special searching individually by Finger, Lipps, and Weaver of the material. Likewise, Kleinpell(1938, p. 21) did not recover the species in Branner's original sample, nor have subsequent workers reported its occurrence in this section. Likely, Bagg contaminated his sample or misidentified a broken globigerinid or a radiolarian. Our deduction that all of our assemblages are older than the Orhulina datum contradicts, in part, the N7-N11 interval assigned to this section by G. Keller (in Mertz 1984). Sample GC-1 5a, from the base of the upper exposure, yields a rich calcareous nannofossil assemblage which includes Cpclicargolithus floridanus, Discoaster eailis. Discoaster signus, and Sphenolithus heteromorphus. Neither Helicosphaera ampliaperra nor H. scissura occur here, suggesting that it is within the Sphenolithus heteromorphus Zone, or Zone CN4 (Bukry 1973). Strontium isotope analyses of foraminiferal calcite from upper exposure samples indicate an age range of Ma (DePaolo and Finger, in press), which is within the lower half of planktic foraminiferal Zone N8 and the top of calcareous nannofossil Zone CN3. These correlate with the type Siphogenerina hranneri Zone in the Relizian stratotype. The isotopic age differs slightly from the ages suggested by the analyses of benthic foraminifers and calcareous nannofossils for the upper exposure. This difference possibly can be attributed to the time-transgressive nature of the benthic foraminiferal stages and the imperfect application of the tropical calcareous nannofossil zonation to California (see Blake 1981a). Whatever the cause, apparently the upper exposure approximates the RelizianILuisian and CN3/CN4 boundaries. The unexposed strata at Graves Creek may obscure recognition of a regional hiatus that Poore et al. (1981) recognized in Reliz Canyon (type Relizian) and along Indian Creek (type Luisian area). The stratigraphic gap between those sections approximates either the Ma or the Ma interval, depending on how their chart is interpreted. The more recent biostratigraphic correlation charts of Barron (1986a, 1986b), which were adjusted for modifications in magnetic polarity chronostratigraphy, delineate the diachronous RelizianILuisian boundary at Ma. If the wider gap indicated in the chart of Poore et al. (1981) had been adopted by Barron, his revision would adjust the age of the hiatus to Ma. This would place the RelizianILuisian boundary within the hiatus, and both would be slightly younger than our upper exposure (GC-15a-d) strontium isotope date of Ma. PLATE 2 1, 2 Fissurina natlatzdi Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-4, holotype, UCMP type number 38266, ~280: 1, apertural view; 2, side view. 3,4 Fissurina cf. F. lae~~igata labiata, GC-6, UCMP type number 38267, x168: 3, apertural view; 4, side view. 5,6 Fissurina,~ravesensis Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC- 15b, holotype, UCMP type number 38268, x291: 5, apertural view; 6, side view. 7, 8 Fissurina quasimarginata Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-8, holotype, UCMP type number 38269, x179: 7, apertural view; 8, side view. 9, 10 Fissuritza sp. H, GC-5, UCMP type number 38270, x235: 9, apertural view; 10, side view. 11, 12 Fissurina sp. M, GC-13, UCMP type number 38271, X24 1 : 1 1, apertural view; 12, side view. 13, 14 Fissurina lon,~ipunc.tata Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC- 11, holotype, UCMP type number 38272, x237: 13, apertural view; 14, side view. 15, 16 Parafissurina sp. B, GC-13, UCMP type number 38273, x224: 15, apertural view; 16, side view. 17, 18 Oolina cf. 0. borealis, GC-1, UCMP type number 38274, x146: 17, apertural view; 18, side view Oolina melo: 19, 20, GC-10, UCMP type number 38275, ~224: 19, apertural view; 20, side view. 21,22, GC-4, UCMPtype number 38276, x216: 21, apertural view; 22, side view. 23 Oolitza he.~a~ona, GC-3, lost specimen, side view, x , 25 Reussoolina simpler, GC-7, UCMP type number 38277, x73: 24, apertural view; 25, side view. 26, 27 Oolitza elongata, GC-4, UCMP type number 38278, x168: 26, apertural view; 27, side view. 28, 29 Oolina globosa setosa, GC-8, UCMP type number 38279, x112: 28, apertural view; 29, side view. 30, 31 Duplella baggi Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-15b, holotype, UCMP type number 38280, x224: 30, apertural view; 3 1, side view. 32, 33 Duplella lacrima Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-9, holotype, UCMP type number 38281, x224: 32, apertural view; 33, side view.

14 Finger, Lipps, Weaver, and Miller PLATE 2 micropaleontology, volume 36, number 1 13

15 K. L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the lou,er Monterey Formation, California Depositional Paleoenvironments Natland (1933,19571, Bandy (1953a, 1953b), and Bandy and Arnal (1957, 1960) developed the principles of West Coast benthic foraminifera1 paleoecology by extrapolating information on the distribution of modern foraminifera to Neogene assemblages. By relating environmental preferences of selected taxa and general faunal trends, these studies distinguished bathymetrically zoned biofacies. Bandy and Arnal (1969) and Ingle (1967, 1980, 1985) refined these data and applied them toward interpreting the histories of Cenozoic sedimentary basins in California. Douglas (1979, 19811, Douglas and Heitman (19791, and Blake (1981a, 1981b) discuss the problems inherent to these schemes, most notably that (a) they are based on assemblage data biased by postmortem transport of tests from shallower environments, and (b) species evolve and adapt to water mass properties and the three-dimensional distributions of these water masses can change through time. However, we have no alternative but to base most of our paleoecological interpretations on our current knowledge of modern (extant and homeomorphic) species occurrences, and this procedure generally seems to provide reasonably accurate and useful information in many studies. In the present investigation, we have employed Ingle's (1980, 1985) lists of Neogene paleodepth and lowoxygen indicator species to determine the depositional paleoenvironment of the Atascadero sediments, as illustrated in text-figure 4. Ingle's (personal comm., 1988) suggestion that the lower-bathyal species be included in the superjacent biofacies if they are not in association with abundant radiolarians has been adopted here. All of the assemblages from the Graves Creek area are mixed shelf-slope paleobathymetric associations dominated by upper- and middle-bathyal species. Among the species present with the deepest upper-depth limits ( m) are Anomalinoides salinasensis, Cihicidoides cushmani. Gyroidina healdi, Par.afrondicularia miocenica, Plectofrondicularia californica, and Prosifrons advena. Representatives of this lower middle-bathyal biofacies are present in the Santa Lucia Avenue assemblage and all Graves Creek assemblages. The overall faunal composition indicates that the sediments are typical of the Monterey Formation, having been deposited as turbidites on the basin floor in the lower middle-bathyal zone. The persistence of this depositional depth for the Monterey Formation here and elsewhere contradicts Kleinpell's (1980, p. 23) comment that "both PLATE 3 Astacolus sp. B, GC-2, UCMP type number 38282, x75: 1, edge view; 2, side view. Astacolus sp. C, GC-6, UCMP type number 38283, x59: 3, edge view; 4, side view. Astacolus cf. A. cymboides, GC-8, UCMP type number 38284, x62: 5, edge view; 6, side view. Astacolus sp. I: 7, 8, GC-3, UCMP type number 38285, x56: 7, edge view; 8, side view. 9, 10, GC-4, UCMPtypenumber38286, x39: 9, edge view; 10, side view. Lenticulina branneri, GC- 15a, topotype, UCMP type number 38287, x56: 11, edge view; 12, side view. Lenticulina dubia: 13, 14, GC-8, UCMP type number 38288, x78: 13, edge view; 14, side view. 15, 16, GC-11, UCMP type number 38289, x34: 15, edge view; 16, side view. Lenticulina cf. L. dubia, GC-7, UCMP type number 38290, x39: 17, edge view; 18, side view. Lerztic,ulina hughesi, GC-3, UCMP type number 38291, x45: 19, edge view; 20, side view. Lenriculina smileyi, GC-13, UCMP type number 38292, x45: 21, edge view; 22, side view. 23,24 Lenriculina luciana, GC-2, UCMP type number 38293, x54: 23, edge view; 24, side view. 25, 26 Lenticulina miocenica, GC-15b, UCMP type number 38294, x62: 25, edge view; 26, side view. 27, 28 Lenticulina reedi, GC-8, UCMP type number 38295, x67: 27, edge view; 28, side view Lenticulina smileyi: 29,30, GC-13, UCMP type number 38296, ~ 95: 29, edge view; 30, side view. 31, 32, GC-6, UCMP type number 38297, x60: 31, edge view; 32, side view. 33, 34 Lenticulina sp. C, GC-9, UCMP type number 38298, x34: 33, edge view; 34, side view Lenriculina atascaderoensis, Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-13: 35,36, holotype, UCMP type number 38299, x67: 35, edge view; 36, side view. 37, paratype, UCMP type number 38300, side view, x Lenticulina sp. I: GC-3, UCMP type number 38301, side view, ~ , 40 Letzticulitza sp. G, GC- 13, UCMP type number 38302, x34: 39, edge view; 40, side view. 41,42 Lenriculina sandholdtuna, Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-8, lost holotype, x67: 41, edge view; 42, side view.

16 Finger, Lipps, Weaver, and Miller PLATE 3 micropaleontology, volume 36, number 1 15

17 K. L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils irz tlze lower Monterev Formation. Culiforrziu PLATE 4 Bolitina adtvna: GC-15a, lost specimen, side view, x53. Bolivina adtvna ornata: GC- lsa, UCMP type number 38305, side view, ~ 52. Bolitina brevior: GC- 1 Sa, UCMPtype number 38306, side view, ~123. Bolivina californica: GC-lSa, UCMP type number 38307, side view, ~112. Bolivina conica, GC-2, UCMP type number 38308, x56: 5, apertural view; 6, side view. Bolivina chunhi: 7, GC-6, UCMP type number 38309, side view, x40. 8, GC-6, UCMP type number 38310, side view, x56. 9, GC-6, UCMP type number , side view, x , GC-1. UCMP type number 38312, side view, x50. 11, GC-8, UCMP type number 38313, side view, x50. Bolivina blakei Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: GC-3, holotype, UCMP type number , side view, ~ 52. Bolivina grarzti: GC-3, UCMP type number 38315, side view, x45. Bolivirza irnbricata: 14, GC-6, UCMP type number 38316, side view, x80. 15, GC-ISd, UCMP type number 38317, side view, ~50. 16, GC-3, UCMP type number 38318, side view, ~ 85. Bolivina modeloensis: GC-4, UCMP type number 38319, side view, x Bolivina pseudospissa: GC-8, lost specimen, side view, x Bolivina torzgifilacostata: GC-8, UCMP type number 38321, side view, x Bolivirza turnida: 20, GC-3, UCMP type number 38322, sidevlew,x gc-5,variant, UCMPtype number 38323, side view, x78. 22, GC-5, variant, UCMP type number 38324, side view, x67. 23, GC- 10, variant, UCMP type number 38325, side view, x67. 24, 25 Suggrunda kleirzpelli, GC-13, UCMP type number 38326, x168: 24, side view 25, apertural view. Suggrunda inflata Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: 26, GC-6. paratype, UCMP type number 38327, apertural view, x145.27, GC-6,paratype, UCMP type number 38328, side view, ~ , 29, GC-4, holotype, UCMP type number 38329, x168: 28, side view; 29, edge view. Anlmodiscus incertus: GC-ISa, UCMP type number 38330, side view, x78. Arnmobaculires? sp. B: GC-8, UCMP type number , side view, x45. Reophas cf. R. e.xcenticus: GC-4, UCMP type number 38332, side view, xll. Guttulina sp.: GC-2, lost specimen, side view, ~ 92. Spirosigrnoilina tenuis: GC-8, UCMP type number 38334, side view, ~112. Rectuvigerina hughesi: 35, GC-4, microspheric specimen, UCMP type number side view, ~34.36, GC-4, megaspheric specimen, UCMP type number 38336, side view, x34. Rectuvigerina loeblichi Finger and Lipps, n, sp.: 37, GC-3, lost microspheric specimen, side view, ~39.38, GC-10, lost megaspheric specimen, side view, ~ , GC-3, microspheric specimen, paratype, UCMP type number 38339, side view, x28. 40, GC-4, megaspheric specimen, paratype, UCMP type number 38340, side view, x28.41, GC-4, microspheric specimen, holotype, UCMP type number 38341, side view, ~34.42,GC-4, lost megaspheric specimen, side view, x Rectuvigerina branneri: 43, GC- 1, microspheric specimen, UCMP type number 38343, side view, ~34.44, GC-1, megaspheric specimen, UCMP type number 38344, side view, ~34.45,GC-15a,megaspheric specimen, topotype, UCMP type number 38345, side view, x29. 46, GC-1, megaspheric specimen, UCMP type number 38346,side view, ~34.47,GC-13,microspheric specimen, UCMP type number 38347, side view, x34. 48,49 Rectuvigerinu transversa, GC-14: 48, megaspheric specimen, UCMP type number 38348, side view, ~ , microspheric specimen, UCMP type number 38349, side view, x39.

18 Finger, Lipps, Weaver, and Miller PLATE 4 I micropaleontology, volume 36, number 1 17

19 K. L. Finger. er al.: Cal(,al.eous rnic~r.ofossils in the lon'er Monterey Formation, Culiforniu Relizian and Luisian Stages are characterized by widespread deposits of medium-depth origin." The Santa Lucia Avenue sample was collected just above a one-meter thick glauconitic and pelletal phosphatic interval between the pecten-bearing neritic sandstone of the Vaqueros Formation and the deep-water shale of the Monterey Formation. In the Salinas Basin, these thin glaucophosphorites are believed to have been deposited at about 200 m on the tops of sediment-starved, semi-isolated submarine banks intersected by the oxygen-minimum zone (Graham 1976, 1980; Garrison et al. 1987). Thus, both lithologic and paleontologic evidence support the conclusion that the Salinas Basin subsided rapidly in the late early Miocene. Similar interpreta- tions of rapid basin subsidence have been proposed for the Santa Barbara-Ventura Basin (Finger 1983) and the Cuyama Basin (Lagoe 1987). The fauna recovered in this study also indicates that an oxygen-minimum zone existed in the Paso Robles Basin throughout the late early to early middle Miocene period of deposition represented. Among the species present that Ingle (1980, 1985) lists as indicative of low-oxygen ( mlll) conditions are Chilostomella o~.oidea, Kleinpella californiensis, Suggrunda kleinpelli, and U1,igerina hoorsi. Although Douglas (198 1) found that post-mortem transport invalidated the interpretation of Suggrunda as a low-oxygen indicator in his study off southern California, its affinity for PLATE 5 1 Buliinina cf. B. hehespinara: GC-2, ECMP type num U~igerinella californrca: 19, GC-9, microspheric ber 38350, side view, x84. specimen, UCMP type number 38368, side view, ~ , GC-2. megaspheric specimen, UCMP type num- 2 Buliinina subacumirzara: GC-9, side view, UCMP type ber 38369, side view, ~ GC-2, microspheric number 38351, ~108. specimen, UCMP type number 38370, side view, x68. 3 Bulimina suhcal~~a: GC-13, UCMP type number side view, ~ ,23 C~~'igerinella californica ornata: 22, GC- I 5c, megaspheric specimen, UCMP type number 38371, 4 Bullininella elegantissima: GC-ISb, UCMP type side view, x78. 23, GC-7, microspheric specimen, number 38353, side view, x224. UCMP type number 38372, side view. x Buliminella subfusiformis: 5, GC-15d, UCMP type number 38354, side view, ~84.6, GC-8, UCMP type number 38355, side view, ~119.7, GC-3, UCMP type 24, 25 Vaginulina cf. V.renuis, GC-14, UCMP type number 38373, ~ 45: 24, side view; 25, edge view. number 38356, side 'Io4' % GC-3. UCMP 26, 27 Vuginn[irla cf, 1.: GC-4, UCMP type number number 38357, side view, x , x78: 26, edge view; 27, side view. 9 Protoglobohulimlna pseudororra: GC-1, UCMP type number 38358, side view, x Mar;plrzulina crouclzi Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: 28, 29, immature specimen, GC-1, paratype, UCMP type 10 Praeglohobulimina spinifera: GC-13, UCMP type number 38375, x50: 28, edge view; 29, side view. 30, number 38359, side view, ~ , GC-5, holotype, UCMP type number 38376, x39: Kleinpella californiensis: 11, GC-4, UCMP type num- 30, edge view; 31, side view. ber 38360, side view, ~ , GC-14, lost specimen, 32, 33 Marginulirza sp., GC-9, UCMP type number 38377, side view, ~ , GC-9, UCMP type number x45: 32, side view; 33, edge view , side view, ~84.14, GC- 15d, UCMP type number 38363, side view, x74. 34, 35 Marginulinopsis heali. GC-15d, UCMP type number 15 Clvigerina Izootsi: GC-15a, UCMP type number 38378, x22: 34, edge view; 35, side view , side view, ~ Enarztiodenralina muraii: 36, 37, GC-1, UCMP type 16 Grligerina cf. U. Izispidocosrara: GC-10, UCMP type number 38379, x39: 36, edge view; 37, side view. 38, number 38365, side view, x75. 39, GC-11, UCMP type number 38380, x39: 38, edge 17 Uvigerina cf. U. Izannai: GC-7, UCMP type number 38366, side view, ~ 78. view; 39, side view. 40,41, GC-4, UCMP type number x45: 40, edge view; 41, side view. 42, 43, GC-14, UCMP type number 38382, x62: 42, edge 18 Uvigerina subperegrina: GC-3, UCMP type number view; 43, side view. 44,45, GC-12, UCMP type num , side view, ~ 67. ber 38383, x28: 44, edge view; 45, side view.

20 Finger, Lipps, Weaver, and Miller PLATE 5 micropaleonrology, volume 36, number I 19

21 K. L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the loktser Monterey Fot.mution, Culifoi.nia low-oxygen waters is uncontested in the Gulf of California (Ingle and Keller 1980) and off northern California and Central America (Ingle, personal comm.). Blake (1981b) includes Bolivina advena ornata, Paracassidulrna delicata (as Cassidiilina cushmani), and U~ligerina subperegrina in the low-oxygen biofacies. Although the oxygen-minimum zone is most often associated with the upper slope, faintly laminated mudstones common in Graves Creek indicate that low-oxygen conditions often characterized the lower slope on which these sediments were deposited. Because all of these low-oxygen indicators have upper-depth limits above 1500 m, it is possible that many of them were living above the depositional paleobathymetry of the Monterey Formation in the Graves Creek area before being transported downslope. CONCLUSIONS Benthic foraminifers from the Santa Lucia AvenueJGraves Creek section indicate that the sequence ranges in age from the late Saucesian to early Luisian. Data from planktic foraminifers (Zones N6-N8) and calcareous nannofossils (Zones CN2-CN4) support these correlations. Strontium isotope ratios date the section from about Ma to 16.li0.1 Ma. The isotopic dates determined for the upper exposure correlate with the upper Relizian stratotype and the upper part of Zone CN3, which may be evidence that the upper boundaries of these biostratigraphic units are diachronous with respect to their stratotypes. The mudstones which predominate the Graves Creek section were deposited as turbidites at lower middle-bathyal water depths between m. Their lamination and microfauna suggest that the Salinas Basin was subject to low-oxygen conditions during the interval of time in which these rocks were deposited. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank several colleagues for assisting us in this study: R. J. Navarrette (Chevron Oil Field Research Company [COFRC]) for processing some samples and examining the siliceous microfossil slides, G. L. Armstrong (formerly COFRC) for assisting in the preparation of microfaunal assemblage slides and scanning electron microscopy, D. J. DePaolo (University of California) for analyzing the strontium isotopes and assisting in collecting the Santa Lucia Avenue sample, R. L. Fleisher (Chevron Overseas Production, Inc., San Ramon) for reviewing many of the planktic microfossil identifications, and J. C. Ingle, Jr. (Stanford University), M. B. Lagoe (University of Texas, Austin), and W. A. Berggren (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) for reviewing the manuscript. We are especially grateful to Mr. Fred Frank and his parents for granting us permission to collect on their property. COFRC was most generous in funding the research efforts of Lipps, Weaver, and DePaolo. We thank both COFRC and Chevron U.S.A., Inc. (Western Region) for granting pem~ission to publish this report. This is contribution number 1527 from the California Museum of Paleontology. SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY OF FORAMINIFERA Kenneth L. Finger and Jere H. Lipps Here we describe the new taxa of foraminifera discovered during this study that are abundant or particularly distinctive. Some other species, assigned a letter designation in our lists, are also probably new but their occurrences are so rare that we cannot be certain of their variation. These and all previously described species, as well as the new ones, are in- PLATE Buccella oregonensis, GC-5, UCMP type number 16, Megastomella capitanensis, GC-4, UCMP type num , x151: 1, spiral view; 2, edge view; 3, umbilical 18, ber 38389, x80: 16, spiral view; 17, edge view; 18, view. 25, 26 umbilical view. 25, 26, GC-I, immature specimen, UCMP type number 38392, x168: 25, edge view; 26, 4-6 Ga~~elinopsis holkos Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-4, spiral view. holotype, UCMP type number 38385, ~224: 4, spiral view; 5, edge view; 6, umbilical view Megastomella pur.isima, GC-4, UCMP type number 38390, x99: 19, spiral view; 20, edge view; 21, um- 7-9 Gavelinopsis durhami Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-4, bilical view. holotype, UCMP type number 38386, x118: 7, umbil Pseudoparrella subperu~iana: 22-24, GC- 1 Sd, ical view; 8, edge view; 9, spiral view. UCMP type number , ~168: 22, umbilical view; 23, edge view; 24, spiral view Rosaliiza californica Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-4, holot~~e, UCMP type number x112: 27, 28 Elphidium gr-anti, GC-15a, UCMP type number bilical view; 11, edge view: 12, spiral view , ~ 101: 27, edge view; 28, spiral view Epistominella smithi. GC-8, UCMP type number 29, 30 Planorbulina sp.: 29, GC-3, UCMP type number 38388, x95: 13, umbilical view; 14. edge view; , spiral view, ~175; 30, GC-3. umbilical view, spiral view. ~126.

22 Finger, Lipps, Weaver, and Miller PLATE 6 micropaleontology, volume 36, number I 2 1

23 K. L. Finger et ul.: Calcareous rnicrc~fi)ssils in tlze lower Monterey Foi.nli~tion. Califol.t~ia cluded in the taxonomiclist that follows this section, by generic and specific names arranged alphabetically. Our new taxa are grouped systematically according to the recently published classification of the foraminifera by Loeblich and Tappan (1987), although we do not necessarily agree with aspects of their overall arrangement. Nevertheless, the categories listed by Loeblich and Tappan (1987) are clearly described, well illustrated, and conveniently arranged, and their work will undoubtedly become the standard reference to foraminifera1 systematics. Thus we follow it in our study. With few exceptions, our generic assignments are also based on this reference. All type specimens of foraminifers and ostracodes, including the hypotypes of species figured on the plates but not newly described, are deposited in the Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley, as indicated by UCMP followed by the catalog number of the specimen. In addition, all Graves Creek samples collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr. in 1964 are deposited in the UC Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley. Order FORAMlNlFERlDA Eichwald 1830 Suborder LAGENINA Delage and Herouard 1896 Superfamily NODOSARIACEA Ehrenberg 1838 Family NODOSARIIDAE Ehrenberg 1838 Subfamily NODOSARIINAE Ehrenberg 1838 Genus CHRYSALOGONIUM Schubert 1908 Chrysalogonium californiensis Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 1, figures 6, 7 Description: Test elongate, rectilinear, uniserial. Chambers about five, initially spherical, later ovate. Proloculus spherical, with largest width of first four chambers. Sutures straight, impressed in later parts of test, obscure between initial three chambers. Aperture terminal, raised, pointed, cribrate. Wall smooth. Holotype: UCMP type number T?pe localitj: Locality GC-12, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County. California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., PLATE 7 1,2 Chilostomella ovoidea: l,2, GC- 13, UCMP type number 38395, x56: 1, side view; 2, side view rotated 45". 3 Chilostomina pustulosa: GC-3, internal view of fragmented specimen, UCMP type number 38396, x Nonionella miocenica, GC- 15b, UCMP type number 38397, x168: 4, spiral view; 5, edge view; 6, umbilical view. 7, 8 Nonionellina miller; Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC- 15c, holotype, UCMP type number 38398, x94: 7, edge view; 8, side view Psezidononion hasispinatum, GC-2, UCMP type number 38399, x95: 9, edge view; 10, side view. 11, 12 Pseudononion costiferum, GC- 15b, UCMP type number x79: 11, side view; 12, edge view. 13 Sphaeroidina chilostomata: GC-6, UCMP type number 38401, apertural side view, ~ Baggina californica, GC-9, UCMP type number 38402, x50: 14, umbilical view; 15, edge view; 16, spiral view Cancris haggi, GC-15a, topotype, UCMP type number 38403, x47: 17, spiral view: 18, edge view; 19, umbilical view I4~11,ulineriamiocenica, GC-13, UCMP type number 38404, x73: 20, spiral view; 21, edge view; 22, umbilical view Vah~ulineria californica, GC-15d: 23-25, UCMP type number 38405, x52: 23, umbilical view; 24. edge view; 25, spiral view , UCMP type number 38406, x76: 26, spiral view; 27, edge view; 28, umbilical view I'ah~ulineria mhusta, GC-2, UCMP type number 38407, x58: 29, spiral view; 30, edge view; 31, umbilical view.

24 Finger; Lipps, Weaw-r, and Miller PLATE 7 micro pale onto log^, \,olume 36, number I 23

25 K. L. Finger er a/.: Calcc.rreoz~.s microfossils iri the loct3er Moritel.ey Formation. California Discussion: C, cal$orniensis is a distinctive species, recognizable by its terminal, pointed, cribrate aperture. Its narrow stratigraphic occurrence may prove of biostratigraphic use, if the species is recognized and separated from other nodosariids. Occurrence: This species is very rare in the latest Saucesian and earliest Relizian samples (GC- 12, - 13) in Graves Creek. It has yet to be recorded elsewhere in the California Miocene. Etjmology: The species is named for the state of California. Genus DENTALINA Risso 1826 Dentalina atascaderoensis Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 1, figure 12 Description: Test free, large, uniserial, elongate, straight to very slightly arcuate, angular edges. Chambers numerous, nearly spherical in side view, well rounded on one side and less rounded on the opposite side. Sutures distinct, wide, with angular ribs crossing them. Aperture radiate, centrally located on end of chamber. Wall ornamented with angular ribs extending length of test. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-9, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion; This species differs from other Dentalina in the California Miocene and elsewhere by its rather straight test with angular appearance imparted by a few ribs extending the length of the test. The ribs are particularly pronounced where they cross the sutures. Occurrence: The species occurs very rarely at the type locality, GC-9, lower Relizian, Graves Creek. It has yet to be recorded elsewhere in the California Miocene. Etymology: The species is named for the town of Atascadero, California. Dentalina lagoei Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 1, figure 11 Description: Test free, uniserial, elongate, slightly arcuate, bilaterally symmetrical. Chambers four in number, tear-drop shaped, about 3/4 as wide as long, slightly rounded on concave side of test, curved in outline on convex side of test. Sutures distinct, thin. impressed, oblique to length of test. Aperture radiate, small, offset at top of ultimate chamber on concave side of test. Wall smooth. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-13, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., PLATE Anonzalinoides salinasensis, GC-lSa, UCMP type number 38408, x69: 1, umbilical view; 2, edge view; 3, spiral view. 4-6 Cibicides punzilus Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-1, holotype, UCMP type number 38409, ~ 168: 4, spiral view; 5, edge view; 6, umbilical view. 7-9 Cibicidoides cuslzmani. GC-8, UCMP type number 38410, x86: 7, umbilical view; 8, edge view; 9, spiral view Holmanella baggi: 10-12, GC-4, UCMP type number 38411, x63: 10, side view; 11, edge view; 12. opposite side view. 13, GC-3, UCMPtype number 38412, edge view (note aperture), ~ , GC-3, UCMP type number 38413, edge view (note aperture), ~ Hanzawaia depaoloi Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: 15-17, GC-9, holotype, UCMP type number 38414, ~ 67: 15, umbilical view; 16, edge view; 17, spiral view. 18, GC-3, lost specimen, spiral view (note aperture), x Hanzawaia cf. H. crassisepta, GC-14, UCMP type number 38416, x65: 19, umbilical view; 20, edge view; 21, spiral view Globocassidulina neopulchella Finger and Lipps, n. sp.. GC-9, paratype. UCMP type number 38417, ~ 84: 22, edge view; 23, side view. 24,25, GC-1, holotype, UCMP type number 38418, x97: 24, edge view; 25, side view. 26, 27 Globocassidulina neomargareta Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-13, holotype, UCMP type number 38419, x151: 26, edge view; 27, side view Ruthe$ordoides cal$or~ziensis,gc-12, UCMP type number 38420, ~108: 28, edge view; 29, side view; 30, opposite edge view. 31, 32 lslandiella carinata, GC-8, UCMP type number 38421, x95: 3 1, edge view; 32, side view. 33, 34 Islandiella modeloensis, GC-3, UCMP type number 38422, x67: 33. edge view; 34, side view.

26 Finger, Lipps, Weaver, and Miller PLATE 8 rnicropaleontology, volume 36, number I 25

27 K. L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the lou,er Monterey Formation. California Discussion: This species differs from other Dentalina in the Graves Creek section and elsewhere by its small size, few chambers, and the relative large width to length ratio of the chambers. It occurs rarely in the lower Relizian at Graves Creek. It has yet to be recorded elsewhere. Etymology. The species is named in honor of Dr. Martin B. Lagoe of the University of Texas in recognition of his continuing contributions to California Tertiary biostratigraphy. Dentalina pseudoobliqua Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 1, figure 10 Description; Test free, uniserial, elongate, narrow, slightly arcuate, bilaterally symmetrical. Chambers eight, nearly equidimensional, rounded in side views. Sutures distinct, thin, depressed, more or less straight. Aperture radiate, small, on small protuberance located on top of terminal chamber and offset toward concave side of test. Wall smooth. Holotype; UCMP type number Tbye locality: Locality GC-4, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: This species is the most common Dentalina in the California Miocene. It has been recognized in California under the name D. obliqua (LinnC) for many years; however, it differs from that species in having more chambers, a straighter test, and a smooth (vs. finely ribbed) surface. It can be distinguished from other Dentalina in the Graves Creek section and elsewhere in the California Miocene by its numerous rounded and equidimensional chambers. Occurrence: D. pseudoobliqua is rare to common in the Relizian and Luisian at Graves Creek. It ranges throughout the Monterey Formation at other localities. Etymology: The species is named D. pseudoobliqua in order to distinguish it from the nomen to which it has often been assigned, D. obliqua, while easing recognition of this well known form. Genus NODOSARIA Lamarck Nodosaria franki Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 1, figure 18 Description: Test free, straight, large, most commonly broken, elongate, uniserial. Chambers spherical. Sutures thin, distinct, impressed. Aperture terminal and central. Wall with numerous well-developed and slightly oblique ribs, which are pinched across sutures. Holotype; UCMP type number fipe locality: Locality GC-8, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., PLATE Gyroidina healdi, GC-11, UCMP type number 38423, x102: 1, umbilical view; 2, edge view; 3, spiral view. 4-6 Gyroidina rosaformrs, GC-15a, UCMP type number 38424, x 168: 4, umbilical view; 5, edge view; 6, spiral view Hansenisca rotundimargo: 7-9, diagentically compressed form, GC-12, UCMP type number 38425, x78: 7, spiral view; 8, edge view; 9, umbilical view , GC-15d, UCMP type number 38426, x95: 10, umbilical view; 11, edge view; 12, spiral view , 19 Oridorsalis subtenera, GC-6: 13-15, UCMP type number 38427, ~ 104: 13, spiral view; 14, edge view; 15, umbilical view. 19, UCMP type number 38428, spiral view (arrow points to secondary sutural opening), ~ Oridorsalis umbonata, GC-8, UCMP type number 38429, x126: 16, spiral view; 17, edge view; 18, umbilical view. 20 Frondicularia view, ~ 54. sp. A: GC-15d, lost specimen, side 21 Flandicularia cf. F. bulbosa: GC-1, UCMP type number , side view, x Prosifrons adl'ena: GC-8, UCMP type number 38432, side view, x Plectofrondicularia californica: GC- 1, UCMP type number 38433, side view, x Parafrondicularia miocenica: 24, GC-9, UCMP type number 38434, side view, ~34.25, GC-3, UCMP type number 38435, side view, ~ , GC-9, lost specimen, side view, x39. 27, 28 Pullenia miocenica, GC-15d, UCMP type number 38437, ~ 129: 27, edge view; 28, side view. 29, 30 Pullenia malkinae, GC-3, UCMPtype number 38438, x56: 29, edge view; 30, side view. 31, 32 Pullenia inglei Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-4, holotype, UCMP type number 38439, x73: 3 1, side view; 32, edge view.

28 Finger, Lipps, Weaver, and Miller PLATE 9 micropaleontology, volume 36, number 1 27

29 K. L. Finger. et a/.: Calcareous nzic~rofossils in the lo~her Monterey Fornzation, California Discussion: This species is distinguished by its obliquely Type locality: Locality GC-lSa, below the Monterey Road ribbed test. Complete specimens are not found, but isolated bridge over Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, Califorand multiple chamber segments occur. These broken speci- nia. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, mens are easily recognized by their ornamentation. Jr., Occurrence: The species is uncommon, although it occurs in several samples in the lower Relizian at Graves Creek. It has also been reported in the late Saucesian of the Indian Creek section. Etymology: This species is named for the Frank family on whose land the Graves Creek outcrops are located. Nodosaria obispoensis Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 1, figure 17 Discussion: Nodosaria ohispoensis is characterized by its irregular alternation of chamber offsets from the central line of the test. The irregular barrel-shaped chambers and relatively large spherical proloculus distinguish this species from others. Occurrence: The species occurs in the lowest Relizian sample and in the highest Luisian samole collected in Graves Creek. It is also fouid in the Luisian bn San Clemente Island. Etymology: This species name is derived from its occurrence in San Luis Obispo County, California. Description: Test free, uniserial, elongate, irregularly straight due to slight misalignment of chambers. Chambers flattened in outline on top and bottom, curved on sides, NOdOsariaweaveri Finger and n. spa slightly irregular in shape, and generally smaller than pro- figures 19, 20 loculus. Sutures very distinct, wide, straight. Proloculus rel- atively large and spherical. Aperture radiate, central, Wall omnnth JLIIWWLIL. Holotype: UCMP type number Test free, llniseria1> very curved. Chambers equidimensional in outline, flattened slightly on top and bottom, rounded on sides, generally smaller than proloculus. Proloculus relatively large and spherical with apical spines. Sutures distinct, deep, narrow, PLATE 10 1 Gaudryina pliocenlca, SL-1, UCMP type number Glohigerinella obesa, GC-7, UCMP type number 38440, side view, x , ~ 112: 16, umbilical view; 17, edge view; 18, 2 Lagerla cf. L. pliocenica, SL-1, UCMP type number spiral view , side view, ~ 168. Bolivrna salinasensis, GC-7, UCMP type number 38442, side view, x Glohrgerinoides altiaperturus, GC-5, UCMP type number 38450, x112: 19, umbilical view; 20, edge view; 21, spiral view. 4 5 Fursenkoina sp. E, GC-4, UCMP type number 38443, side view, ~112. Pifarina fluens, SL-1, UCMP type number 38444, side view, ~ Glohoquadrina haroemoenensis, SL- I, UCMP type number 38451, x90: 22, umbilical view; 23, edge view; 24, spiral view. 6,7 Marginulinopsis sp., SL- 1, UCMP type number 38445, x28: 6, edge view; 7, side view. 8, Astacolus sp. H, SL-1. UCMP type number 38446, x62: 8, edge view; 9, side view. Glohigerirla connecta?, GC-10, UCMP type number 38447, ~168: 10, umbilical view; 11, edge view; 12, spiral view Globigerirla cf. G. woodi, SL-1, UCMP type number 38448, ~168: 13, umbilical view; 14, edge view; 15, spiral view Globorotalia cf. Glc acrostoma, SL-1, UCMP type number 38452, ~168: 25, umbilical view; 26, edge view; 27, spiral view Globorotalia birnageae, GC-14, UCMP type number 38453, ~168: 28, umbilical view; 29, edge view; 30, spiral view Protentella proli.xa?, GC- 12, UCMP type number 38454, ~168: 31, spiral view; 32, edge view; 33, umbilical view.

30 Finger, Lipps, Weaver, and Miller PLATE 10 micropaleontologg. volume 36, number 1 29

31 K. L. Finger er al.: Calcareous rnic.rofossils in the lower Monrerey Formation. California straight. Aperture radiate, central, protruding on raised tip at end of chamber. Wall smooth. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-12, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: The species is distinguished from N. obispoensis Finger and Lipps by its evenly placed and squatter chambers, protruding aperture, and apical spines. Occurrence: The species occurs throughout the Saucesian and Relizian interval of the Graves Creek section. It has yet to be recorded elsewhere. Etymology: We name this species in honor of our colleague and coauthor on the interpretive part of this paper, Mr. John C. B. Weaver of Davis, California. Family VAGINULINIDAE Reuss 1860 Subfamily LENTICULININAE Chapman, Parr, and Collins 1934 Genus LENTICULINA Lamarck 1804 Lenticulina atascaderoensis Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 3, figures Description: Test planispiral, ovate to elliptical in side view, laterally compressed, biumbonate with very slight boss in some specimens, periphery sharp to slightly keeled. Chambers 7 to 9, low with maximum width about twice the height, last chamber tends to flare and in some specimens becoming very elongate and extending partially over both sides of previous whorl. Sutures slightly curved, incised especially between later chambers. Aperture a slit at peripheral angle slightly protruding from ultimate chamber. Wall smooth. Holotype: UCMP type number Paratype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-13, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: This species resembles L. reedi (Kleinpell) but differs from it and other California Miocene Lenticulina by the tendency for its ultimate chamber to elongate and partially overlap the previous whorl. In some cases, such as the paratype illustrated, the entire test appears rather elongated with the aperture pointing up and away from the test. Occurrence: At Graves Creek, Lenticulina atascaderoensis is rare to abundant in the Saucesian, very rare in samples low in the Relizian, and frequent in the upper Relizian and Luisian. It also occurs in the Saucesian and Relizian at Naples Beach and in the Luisian at Indian Creek. Etymology: The species is named for the town of Atascadero, which incorporates its type locality. Lenticulina sandholdtana Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 3, figures 41, 42 Description: Test planispiral, ovate in side view, laterally moderately compressed, flaring out on both sides above center line of test in apertural view, biumbonate, slightly keeled. Chambers 7 to 8, relatively broad with width about 1V2 times the height, ultimate chamber flaring broadly just above umbilicus. Sutures nearly straight, very slightly in- PLATE Catapsydrax stainforthi, GC- 13, UCMP type number 38455, ~ 168: 1, umbilical view; 2, edge view; 3, spiral view. 4-6 Globrgerina bulloides, GC-15a, UCMP type number 38456, x112: 4, spiral view; 5, edge view; 6, umbilical view. 7-9 Globigerina cf. G. woodi, GC-9, UCMP type number 38457, x168: 7, umbilical view; 8, edge view; 9, spiral view Globigerina praebulloides, GC-7, UCMP type number 38458, x168: 10, spiral view; 11, edge view; 12, umbilical view Globigerina pseudociperoensis, GC-6, UCMP type number 38459, x112: 13, umbilical view; 14, edge view; 15, spiral view. 16, 17 Globigerinita uvula, GC-15b, UCMP type number 38460, ~336: 16, oblique umbilical/side view; 17, spiral view Globigerina quinqueloba, GC-3, UCMP type number 38461, ~241: 18, spiral view; 19, edge view; 20, umbilical view. 21, 22 Globigerinita glutinata, GC-15a, UCMP type number 38462, ~ 196: 21, spiral view; 22, umbilical view Tenuitellinata angustiumbilicata, GC- 15a, UCMP type number 38463, ~185: 23, spiral view; 24, edge view; 25, umbilical view. 26, 27 Globigerinita glutinata, GC-7, UCMP type number 38464, ~224: 26, spiral view; 27, umbilical view.

32 Finger, Lipps, Weaver, and Miller PLATE I1 micropaleontology, volume 36, number I 31

33 K. L. Finger- et 01.: Calcareous microfossils in the lower- Monterey Formation, California dented. Aperture radiate, at peripheral angle slightly protruding from ultimate chamber. Wall smooth. Holotype: Specimen lost. Lectotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-8, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: Lenticulina sandholtana is characterized by its flared ultimate chamber. This chamber is very broad just above the umbilicus on either side of the test, but narrows rapidly towards the aperture. Occurrence: The species was found intermittently throughout the upper Saucesian to lower Luisian section in the Graves Creek area, varying in abundance from very rare to frequent. It has not been recorded elsewhere in California. Etymology: The species is named for the Sandholdt Member of the Monterey Formation, in which it is occurs. Subfamily MARGINULININAE Wedekind 1937 Genus MARGINULINA d'orbigny 1826 Marginulina crouchi Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 5, figures Description: Test elongate, planispiral in initial whorl and uniserial thereafter, nearly as wide as thick, biumbonate, periphery broadly rounded. Chambers 6, inflated, relatively broad with width about 11/2 times the height. Sutures slightly curved, somewhat indented. Aperture terminal, radiate. Wall smooth. Holotype: UCMP type number Paratype: UCMP type number 38375, immature specimen 7jpe locality: Locality GC-5, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: This species is characterized by its inflated chambers which give the test an overall broadly rounded appearance. The test is nearly as thick as it is wide. It resembles Marginulinopsis beali but is readily differentiated by its rounded (vs. acute) planispiral edge. Occurr-ence: M. crouchi occurs in six of the upper eight samples in the Relizian at Graves Creek, although in rare to very rare abundances. It is also found in the Relizian and Luisian of the Indian Creek section, and in the Luisian at Naples Beach. Etymology: The species is named in the memory of Robert W. Crouch, a California micropaleontologist. Family ELLIPSOLAGENIDAE Silvestri 1923 Subfamily ELLIPSOLAGENINAE Silvestri 1923 Genus DUPLELLA Patterson and Richardson 1987 Duplella baggi Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 2, figures PLATE 12 1, 2 Globigerinoidespri~?~ordius-Gln. altiaperturus transitional form, GC-3, destroyed specimen, x154: 1, spiral view, ~112; 2, spiral view of same specimen after ultimate chamber and umbilical side broke off, rotated 45" counterclockwise and tilted to reveal penultimate secondary sutural aperture, x Globigerinoides altiaperturus, GC-8, lost specimen, x300: 3, umbilical view; 4, edge view; 5, spiral view. (Note: This specimen has slightly eroded apertures) 6, 7 Globigerinoides quadrilobatus, GC-15a, UCMP type number 38467, ~ 140: 6, umbilical view; 7, spiral view Globoquadrina venezuelana, GC- 1, UCMP type number 38468, x112: 8, spiral view; 9, edge view; 10, umbilical view Neogloboquadrina continuosa, GC-5, UCMP type number 38469, ~ 168: 11, spiral view; 12, edge view; 13, umbilical view Globorotalia zealandica, GC-1, UCMP type number 38470, ~140: 14, spiral view; 15, edge view; 16, umbilical view Globor-otalia mayer-i, GC-6, UCMP type number 38471, x110: 17, umbilical view; 18, edge view; 19, spiral view Globorotalia zealandica - Glr. praescitula transitional form, GC-3, UCMP type number 38472, x168: 20, umbilical view; 21, edge view; 22, spiral view Globorotalia praescitula, GC-3, UCMP type number 38473, x168: 23, spiral view; 24, edge view; 25, umbilical view Globorotaloides suter-i, GC-11, UCMP type number 38474, ~ 168: 26, umbilical view; 27, edge view; 28, spiral view.

34 Finger, Lipps, Weaver, and Miller PLATE 12 micropaleontology, volume 36, number 1 33

35 K. L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the lower Montere! For.nlat~on. Cal~forn~u Description: Test unilocular, broadly fusiform in side view, circular in apertural view, pointed at both ends. Aperture of two holes, one on either side of terminus with bridge in between, with bifurcated entosolenian tube. Wall smooth. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-15b, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: Dupella baggi is easily recognized by its fusiform test and, on closer inspection, its bifurcated aperture. Occurrence: This species occurs very rarely and intermittently in the middle Relizian to Luisian interval at Graves Creek. It has not been recorded elsewhere in California. Etymology: The species is named in honor of Rufus M. Bagg, Jr., who was the first to describe foraminifers from the banks of Graves Creek. Duplella lacrima Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 2, figures 32, 33 Description: Test unilocular, tear-drop shaped in side view, nearly round in apertural view, compressed and pointed at apertural end. Aperture of two narrow slits, one on either side of apical end with narrow bridge in between, with bifurcated entosolenian tube. Wall smooth. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-9, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: Although very rare, D. lacrima is distinctive because of its nearly spherical chamber with a compressed and pointed apertural protuberance. Occurrence: This species is very rare in one Relizian sample from Graves Creek. It has not been recorded elsewhere in California. Etymology: The species derives its name from the Latin term lacrima, in reference to its tear-drop shape. Genus FISSURINA Reuss 1850 Fissurina gravesensis Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 2, figures 5, 6 Description: Test unilocular, ovate in side and apertural views. Aperture apical, a long narrow slit of nearly uniform width. Wall relatively coarsely perforate. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-ISb, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: Fissurinagravesensis is characterized by its very slightly compressed ovate shape, rounded edge, and relatively coarsely perforate surface. This species occurs in very rare abundance in a few of the Relizian and Luisian samples from Graves Creek. It has not been recorded elsewhere in California. Etymology: The species is named for its type locality in Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. PLATE 13 1,2 Ambostracon sp. A, GC-3, carapace, UCMP type 9, 10 Pectocythere sp., GC-3, carapace, UCMP type numnumber 38234, x73: 1, dorsal view; 2, right lateral ber 38256, x100: 9, left lateral view; 10, dorsal view. view. 11 "Hermanites" sp., GC-4, left valve, UCMP type num- 3 Ambostracon sp. B, GC-3, right lateral view of lost ber 38257, ~136. carapace (with foraminifer cemented onto ventral margin), x73. 12, 13 Kangarina sp., GC-15d, carapace, UCMP type number 38264, ~228: 12, left valve; 13, dorsal view. 4, 5 Loxoconcha cf. L. tamarindoidea Swain, GC-4, carapace, UCMP type number , x109: 4, left lateral 14 Aurila cf. A. dril~er-i (LeRoy), GC-3, left valve, UCMP view; 5, dorsal view. type number 38304, x Paracosta cf. P. huddlestonifinger, GC-3, right valve, 15 Hemicytherura sp., GC-1, left valve, UCMP type UCMP type number 38252, x73. number 38320, ~136. 7, 8 Coquimba cf. C. schencki (LeRoy), GC-3, carapace, 16, 17 "Microcythemr-a" sp., GC-4, carapace, UCMP type UCMP type number 38254, x109: 7, left lateral view; number 38333, x91: 16, left lateral view; 17, dorsal 8, dorsal view. view.

36 Finger, Lipps. Weaver, and Miller PLATE 13 micropaleontology, volume 36, number I 35

37 K. L. Finger er al.: Calcareous microjbssils in the lowber. Monterrq' Form~rion. Ctrlifi~r~~ia Fissurina longipunctata Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Holotype: UCMP type number Plate 2, figures 13, 14 Type locality: Locality GC-4, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo Description: Test unilocular, fusiform in side view, ovate in County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and cross section, rounded at oral end, pointed at aboral end, A. R. Loeblich, Jr., periphery keeled. Aperture a narrow slit on an extended neck, with thick lip formed by peripheral keel splitting around Discussion: This is the species inaccurately assigned by aperture. Wall with numerous very coarse punctae tending Kleinpell (1938) to F. marginata Seguenza. Fissurina toward linear arrangement from oral to aboral ends of test. natlandi is most similar to F. tricostata Pierce, but differs by its rounder shape and more prominent lateral ridges and Holotype: UCMP type number peripheral keel. T~~~ locality: ~ ~ GC-11, ~ G~~~~~ ~ creek, l sari ~~i~ i obispo county, california. collected by J. H. ~ i H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: F. longipur~ctata is readily distinguished from other Fissurina in the California Miocene by its narrow-ovate shape, very coarsely punctate surface, and well-developed keel. This species occurs very rarely in samples from the lower ~elizian at Graves Creek. It has not been recorded elsewhere in California. Etymology: The species name is derived from the Latin long + punctata in reference to the elongate shape and punctate surface of its test. Fissurina natlandi Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 2, figures 1, 2 ~ ~ Occurretzce: ~ This is the most common Fissurina in the Graves ~ Creek ~ section,, occurring in the majority of samples where it is very rare to rare in abundance. It has also been recorded in the Luisian on San Clemente Island. Etymology: The species is named in honor of Dr. Manley L. Natland for his significant contributions toward our understanding of the West Coast Neogene foraminifera1 fauna. Fissurina quasimarginata Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 2, figures 7, 8 Description: Test unilocular, broadly ovate in side view, fusiform in apertural view, with slight peripheral keel. Aperture apical, a long narrow slit widest in center, with thick lip formed by peripheral keel splitting around aperture. Wall finely perforate. Description: Test unilocular, slightly ovate in side view, Holotype: UCMP type number fusiform in apertural view, with raised ridge circumscribing Type locality: Locality GC-8, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo central area on each side and nearly perpendicular to thick County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and peripheral keel. Aperture apical, a short narrow slit widest in A. R. Loeblich, Jr., center, with thick lip formed by peripheral keel splitting around aperture. Wall coarsely punctate in raised central area, Disc,ussion: Fissurir~a quasinzarginata is distinguished by its finely perforate elsewhere. broadly ovate test with slight keel and broad apertural area. PLATE 14 la, b Coccolithus miopelagicus, GC-2: a, crossed polarizers; b, Nomarski. 10a, b Helicosphaera an~pliaperta, CRC (= GC-3): a, crossed polarizers; b, Nomarski. 2 3, 4 5 Reticulofenestra gartneri, SL-1, crossed polarizers. Reticulofenestra gartneri, GC-2, crossed polarizers Helicosphaera intermedia, GC- 12, crossed polarizers. I 1 a- 13b Helicosphaera scissura, CRC (= GC-3), paired proximal views showing moderate to well-developed terminal flange: a, crossed polarizers; b, Nomarski a, b Helicosphaera mediterratzea, SL- 1, crossed polarizers. Helicosphaera carteri, CRC (= GC-3), crossed polarizers. Helicosphaera carteri, GC- 1 Sa, crossed polarizers. Helicosphaera ampliaperta, GC-11: a, crossed polarizers; b, Nomarski. 14a, b Helicosphaera scissura, CRC (= GC-3), distal view showing moderate to well-developed terminal flange: a, crossed polarizers; b, Nomarski. Helicosphaera scissura, CRC (= GC-3), proximal views; note terminal flange in figs. 15 and 16 (broken off in fig. 17) and possible remnant of central bridge in fig. 15; scanning electron micrographs, ~4500.

38 Finger, Lipps, Weaver, and Miller PLATE 14 w BDUB ymrg!!jb B ~b 10a lob 11a lib micropaleontology, volume 36, number 1 37

39 K. L. Finger et a/.: Calcareous microfossils in the 1o~'er Monterey Formation, Calrforn~a Occurrence: This species occurs rarely in intermittent samples in the Saucesian and lower Relizian at Graves Creek. It has also been recorded in the Luisian on San Clemente Island. Etymology: The species name is derived from the Latin quasi + marginata in reference to its slight keel. Suborder ROTALIINA Delage and HCrouard 1896 Superfamily BOLIVINACEA Glaessner 1937 Family BOLIVINIDAE Glaessner 1937 Genus BOLIVINA d'orbigny 1839 Bolivina blakei Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 4, figure 12 Description: Test elongate, tapering, moderately compressed, moderately twisted, gradually tapering to the proloculus. Chambers numerous, about eight pairs, four times wider than high. Sutures distinct, slightly depressed, crenulate. Aperture a narrow loop at base of apertural face, bordered by thick and imperforate lip on one margin. Wall moderately perforate except on apertural face where it is smooth. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-3, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: This California species has been referred to for many years by Kleinpell (1938) and others as B. floridana Cushman, a somewhat homeomorphic species from the Miocene of Florida. B. blakei is relatively wider, more com- pressed, and more crenulate than B. floridarza, and it most likely derives from B. advena, a noncrenulated species common in the California Miocene. Occurrence: In the Graves Creek section, B. hlakei is restricted to the Relizian, ranging from very rare to abundant. At Indian Creek and Naples Beach, it is abundant and nearly restricted to the Relizian. It occurs less commonly in the Saucesian and Luisian at Indian Creek and in the Luisian on San Clemente Island. Etymology: The species is named for Dr. Gregg H. Blake of UNOCAL, a specialist on California Neogene foraminifera. Superfamily CASSIDULINACEA d'orbigny 1839 Family CASSIDULINIDAE d'orbigny 1839 Subfamily CASSIDULININAE dlorbigny 1839 Genus GLOBOCASSIDULINA Voloshinova 1960 Globocassidulina neomargareta Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 8, figures 26, 27 Description: Test relatively small, subglobular in side view, ovate in edge view, enrolled throughout ontogeny. Chambers biserially arranged with obscure sutures. Aperture a curved slit with broadly triangular cristate tooth within depression along proximal edge of ultimate chamber. Wall smooth. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-13, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., PLATE 15 1 a-2b Sphenolith~is helemnos, SL- 1, crossed polarizers. 3a-4b Sphenolithus heteromorphus, CRC (= GC- 3), crossed polarizers. 5, 6 Sphenolithus morijormis, GC-15a, crossed polarizers. 7 Lithostromation perdurum, GC-1, crossed polarizers. 8 Coronocycl~is nitescens, SL- 1, crossed polarizers. 9 Pontosphaera vigintiforata, GC- lsa, crossed polarizers. 10 Cyc1icar;golithus floridanus, GC-I, crossed polarizers. 11 Cyclicargolithusfloridanus,GC- 1 Sa, crossed polarizers. 12, 13 Discoaster cf. D. intercalaris, GC-1, Nomarski. 14, 15 Discoaster stellulus, GC- 1, Nomarski. 16 Discoaster adamanteus, GC-11, Nomarski. 17 Discoaster exilis, GC-lSa, Nomarski. 18 Discoaster signus, GC-lSa, Nomarski. 19 Discoaster variahilis, GC- 1, Nomarski. 20 Discoaster variahilis, GC- 1 Sa, Nomarski Discoaster variabilis var., GC-1, Nomarski, showing enlarged central area. 24 Discoaster variabilis var.?, GC-I, Nomarski, showing enlarged central area with tapering rays and slightly notched ray termini. 25 Discoaster deflandrei, GC-1, Nomarski. 26, 27 Discoaster deflandrei, GC-2, Nomarski.

40 Finger, Lipps. Weaver, and Miller PLATE 15 *9 > I u 'h "P- ' I b b '. r. r -7 $, 22 $IF I -h 23 micropaleontology, volume 36, number I 39

41 K. L. Fiilger et al.: Calcureous n~icrqfossils in the low7ei. Mor~terej Fol.rnation. Caiifoi'r~ia Discussion: Globocassidulina neonzargareta includes specimens long designated as Cassidulina niar*gareta Karrer by Kleinpell (1938) and others. The California specimens, however, are dissimilar from that Austrian species and are therefore recognized as a new species. G. neomargareta is distinguished by its subglobular test, very broadly rounded periphery, and distinctive aperture. Occurrence: The species is found very rarely to frequently in the Saucesian and lower Relizian of Graves Creek. It commonly occurs in the Saucesian and Relizian section along Naples Beach. Regional literature suggests that the species ranges from Zemorrian to Mohnian, although the Mohnian age may be based on juveniles of another species. Etymology: The species is named neomargareta in order to distinguish it from margareta, to which it has been often referred, while easing recognition of this well known form. Globocassidulina neopulchella Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 8, figures Description: Test lenticular, flattened laterally, periphery subrounded to subacute. Chambers distinct, 11 in final whorl, biserial, about thrice as long as wide, flattened to slightly inflated, about 1/3 of length visible on opposite side of test. Sutures well defined, slightly to sharply incised, recurved. Aperture peripheral, basal, an elongate curved slit extending about half way up the apertural face of the chamber, with low elongate cristate tooth along inner edge. Wall finely to moderately perforate. Holotype: UCMP type number Paratype: UCMP type number )pe locality: Locality GC-1, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: This California species has been referred to for many years by Kleinpell (1938) and others as Cassidulirla pulchella d'orbigny, a Recent species with a more jagged periphery found off Peru. G. neopulchella is characterized by its compressed test, subacute to subrounded edge, and distinctive aperture. Occurrence: At Graves Creek, this species is restricted to the Relizian. Kleinpell (1938) reported this species as questionable in the late Zemorrian and ranging from Relizian to early Mohnian. Aside from his study and our own, this species has not been recorded; thus, we doubt if the post-relizian specimens were correctly identified by Kleinpell. Etymology: The species is named neopulchella to differentiate it from pulchella, which it has long been recognized as, while easing recognition of this common form. Superfamily BULIMINACEA Jones 1875 Family SIPHOGENERINOIDIDAE Saidova 1981 Subfamily TUBULOGERININAE Saidova Genus RECTUVIGERINA Mathews 1945 Rectuvigerina loeblichi Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 4. figures Description: Test elongate, tapering, round in cross-section, microspheric form triserial in early stage, megalospheric form biserial (nearly uniserial) in early stage, both forms uniserial later, weak to well-developed striae or fine costae. Chambers inflated, broad, low. Sutures straight, incised, scalloped at costae. Aperture terminal, raised on short neck with phialine lip. Wall finely costate, smooth to finely perforate between costae. Holotype: UCMP type number Par-atypes: UCMP type numbers and Type locality: Locality GC-4, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: This species differs from the other California Rei-tuvigerinaby its very fine and relatively numerous costae. This is probably the same faintly striate unnamed variety of Siphogenerina hughesi Cushman referred to but not illustrated by Woodring and Bramlette (1951) and Kleinpell (1980, p. 33). Occurrence: R. loeblichi is characteristic of the Relizian in Graves Creek, ranging from very rare to abundant. It is also found in the Relizian of Indian Creek. Rectuvigerina populations dominated by this morphotype are only found in the Relizian. Elsewhere in the California Miocene, striate Rectu\>lgerinaoccur as occasional and rare variants in large populations of R. branneri and R. huglzesi. Etytnology: The species is named for Dr. Alfred R. Loeblich, Jr., who assisted Lipps in 1964 in the collection of the original Graves Creek material, on which this study is largely based. Superfamily FURSENKOINACEA Loeblich and Tappan Family FURSENKOINIDAE Loeblich and Tappan 1961 Genus SUGGRUNDA Hoffmeister and Berry 1937 Suggrunda inflata Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 4, figures Description: Test long, tapering, biserial, broadly ovate in apertural view. Chambers inflated, twice as broad as high, enlarging rapidly as added, lower margin angled. Sutures in V-shaped indentations, sharp, distinct. Aperture a wide, curved slit at base of ultimate chamber, paralleling chamber margin. Wall smooth. Holotype: UCMP type number Paratypes: UCMP type numbers and Tvpe locality: Locality GC-4, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: This is the most rotund species of Suggrunda recorded in California. It differs from other species, such as S. kleinpelli Bramlette, in having a rounded edge devoid of serration and spines. Occurrence: In Graves Creek, S. inflata occurs once very rarely in the Saucesian, very rarely throughout the lower Relizian, and rarely in one upper Relizian sample. This species is found in rare occurrence and rare abundance in the

42 micro pale onto log^, vol. 36, no. 1,1990 Saucesian and Luisian at Indian Creek, Saucesian and Relizian at Naples Beach, and Luisian to early Mohnian at Upper Newport Bay. Etymology: The Latin term inflata refers to its swollen or puffy chambers and test. Superfamily DELOSINACEA Parr 1950 Family CAUCASINIDAE N. K. Bykova 1959 Subfamily CAUCASININAE N. K. Bykova 1959 Genus Kleinpella Finger and Lipps, n. gen. Type species: Virgulina californiensis Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 32, pl. 5, figs. 1 la-c. Etymology: Named in honor of the late Professor Robert M. Kleinpell, whose work on the California Miocene benthic foraminifera is legendary. Diagnosis: Test free, elongate, early chambers trochospiral, then chambers biserial for more than half the length of the test and tending to untwist toward aperture. Wall calcareous, moderately perforate, optically granular, and smooth-surfaced. Chambers moderately inflated, lower than broad to nearly equidimensional, rapidly increasing in size in lower half of test, with incised sutures. Aperture a narrow loop bordered by a slightly raised thin lip, without internal toothplate. Remarks: Rare specimens of the species have a slight basal spine. Kleinpella differs from Cassidella, Fursenkoina, and Stainforthia by the shape and arrangement of its chambers. Included in Kleinpella are Virgulina californiensis Cushman, V. californiensis var. grandis Cushman and Kleinpell, V. californiensis var. ticensis Cushman and Kleinpell, and V. delmonteensis Cushman and Galliher. Type species: Kleinpella californiensis (Cushman) Plate 5, figures Superfamily STILOSTOMELLACEA Finlay 1947 Family STILOSTOMELLIDAE Finlay 1947 Genus NODOGENERINA Cushman 1927 Nodogenerina parkeri Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 1, figure 28 Description: Test uniserial, with each chamber slightly offset from central axis. Chamber shape ovate, widest near base where there is a row of widely spaced prominent spines projecting downward. Sutures constricted, deep, wide. Aperture terminal, bluntly indented on one margin. Wall smooth except for spines. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-8, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: This species is very rare in a single sample in the Relizian part of the Graves Creek section. Nevertheless, it is described as new because of its distinctive chamber spines and its slightly irregular uniserial chamber arrangement. It also occurs in a sample suite that does not contain any similar morphotypes. Occurrence: N. parkeri is very rare in the Relizian at Graves Creek. It also occurs in the Relizian of Indian Creek and in the Luisian on San Clemente Island. Etymology: The species is named in honor of Francis Parker, whose original work on planktic foraminifera has been an inspiration to the authors. Nodogenerina tappani Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 1, figures Description: Test uniserial, rectilinear to slightly curved. Chamber shape subspherical with widest part nearest base where there is a fringe of very small and widely spaced spines. Sutures constricted, deep, narrow. Aperture terminal with relatively thick lip bluntly indented on one margin. Wall smooth, except for fine basal spines. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC- 1, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: This species is characterized by its nearly spherical chambers fringed near their bases with fine spines. It somewhat resembles Siphonodosaria advena (Cushman and Laiming), but that species has more trapezoidal chambers and a more complex aperture (seen in well preserved specimens). Occurrence: N. tappani occurs frequently in the two uppermost Relizian samples from Graves Creek. It has not been recorded elsewhere in California. Etymology: The new species is named for Prof. Helen Tappan of the University of California, Los Angeles, who assisted Lipps in 1964 in the collection of the original material at Graves Creek, on which this study is based. Genus SIPHONODOSARIA Silvestri 1924 Siphonodosaria montereyana Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 1, figures 22, 23 Description: Test narrow, elongate, tapering to initial chamber, arcuate. Chambers bowed, with some overlap of previous chamber, inflated near base. Proloculus with apical spine. Sutures straight, in later chamber angled to the test axis, incised, narrow. Aperture rounded except for very slight indentation from which a tooth projects inward and then bifurcates, with slightly raised phialine lip. Wall smooth. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-7, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: This species is distinguished by its rather smooth, narrow, arcuate test, rather squarish but bowed chambers, and bifurcated apertural tooth. Occurrence: S. montereyana occurs commonly throughout the Saucesian and Relizian in Graves Creek. It is also found

43 K. L. Finger et a/.: Calcareous microfossils in the lo~~er Monterey Formation, Califor.niu in the Luisian and Mohnian at Naples Beach, the Mohnian at Upper Newport Bay, and in the Luisian on San Clemente Island. Etymology: The species derives its name from the Monterey Formation, in which it occurs at Graves Creek. Superfamily DISCORBACEA Ehrenberg 1838 Family ROSALINIDAE Reiss 1963 Genus GAVELINOPSIS Hofker 1951 Gavelinopsis holkos Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 6, figures 4-6 Description: Test planoconvex, low trochospiral, circular and slightly lobulate in outline, displaying 2V2 whorls, with about 8 chambers in last whorl, peripheral edge subacute. Chambers subtriagonal on spiral side, quadrate on umbilical side with irregular termination at furrows around umbilical plug. Sutures on spiral side radial, thick, and slightly raised, on umbilical side radial to slightly curved, depressed and wider near umbilicus. Aperture basal, interiomarginal with slight lip at top. Wall perforate. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-4, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: This small species is distinguished from other Gavelinopsis in the California Miocene by its planoconvex test and nearly radial sutures. Occurrence: At Graves Creek, G. holkos occurs rarely in all upper Relizian samples and in the Luisian. Elsewhere in California, the species is found in the Luisian and Mohnian at Upper Newport Bay and in the Luisian on San Clemente Island. Etymology: The Greek term holkos refers to the furrow-like sutures on the umbilical side of this species. Gavelinopsis durhami Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 6, figures 7-9 Description: Test low trochospiral, nearly planoconvex, compressed, somewhat ovate in outline, about 3 whorls with 8 chambers in last whorl, periphery slightly lobulate, edge subacute to subrounded, with umbilical plug. Chambers crescentic on spiral side, subtriagonal on umbilical side, each with flange-like termination at umbilicus. Sutures on spiral side strongly curved, sharply defined, thin, and slightly depressed, on umbilical side slightly curved, depressed, joining furrow around umbilical plug. Aperture basal, interiomarginal with small, well-defined lip at top. Wall finely granular on spiral surface, smooth on umbilical side. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-4, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: This species is distinguished by its compressed concavo-convex test, slightly lobulate periphery, and broadly crescentic chambers with sharply defined sutures. Occurrence: Gavelinopsis durhami occurs rarely in two Relizian samples at Graves Creek. It has not been recorded elsewhere in California. Etymology: This species is named in honor of Prof. J. Wyatt Durham of the University of California in recognition of his pioneering work on the stratigraphy and paleoecology of the California Tertiary. Genus ROSALINA d'orbigny 1826 Rosalina californica Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 6, figures Description: Test low trochospiral, concavo-convex, moderately compressed, circular and slightly lobulate in outline. about 21h whorls with 6 chambers in last whorl, peripheral edge subrounded, umbilical region concave. Chambers crescentic on spiral side, subtriagonal on umbilical side, each with a flange-like termination at umbilicus. Sutures on spiral side curved, thin, and slightly depressed, on umbilical side radial to slightly curved, depressed, adjoining wide, deep umbilicus. Aperture basal, interiomarginal with small lip along upper margin. Wall finely perforate. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-4, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: This species is characterized by its deep umbilical area, sharply rounded periphery, and wide chambers with sharply defined sutures. Occurrence:R. califori~icais very rare in the upper Saucesian and frequent in one Relizian sample from Graves Creek. It has not been recorded elsewhere in the California Miocene. Etymology: The species is named for the state of California. Superfamily PLANORBULINACEA Schwager 1877 Family CIBICIDIDAE Cushman 1927 Subfamily CIBICIDINAE Cushman 1927 Genus CIBICIDES de Montfort 1808 Cibicides pumilus Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 8, figures 4-6 Description: Test very small for genus, trochospiral, planoconvex with spiral side flat and umbilical side convex, evolute, about 21h whorls, periphery round, peripheral edge subacute and thickened. Chambers long, narrow wedgeshaped on umbilical side, somewhat rectangular on spiral side, about in last whorl. Sutures curved on both sides, thickened, slightly limbate, latest sutures with slight median groove. Umbilicus thickened, nonperforate. Aperture a low slit running between whorls on spiral side to arched peripheral opening with small lip along upper margin. Wall coarsely perforate. Holotype: UCMP type number 38409

44 Micropaleontology, l~ol. 36, no. 1, 1990 Type localit?: Locality GC-1, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: The small size. compactness, plano-convex shape, and thickened sutures of C,pumilusdistinguish it from all other Clbicides and related taxa in the California Miocene. In samples where it is most abundant. it does not grade into larger sized specimens typical of Cibicides and related genera. Occurrence: C. pumilus occurs throughout the Graves Creek section in abundances ranging from very rare to frequent. It occurs in low abundances and intermittently throughout the Monterey Formation elsewhere. Etymology: The Latin term pumilus refers to the tiny size of this species. Superfamily NONIONACEA Schultze 1854 Family NONIONIDAE Schultze 1854 Subfamily NONIONINAE Schultze 1854 Genus NONIONELLINA Voloshinova 1958 Nonionellina milleri Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 7, figures 7, 8 Description: Test relatively small, planispiral to slightly trochospiral, ovate in lateral and apertural views, periphery slightly lobulate, peripheral edge rounded, umbilicus depressed. Chambers long and narrow, numbering about 10 in last whorl. Sutures indistinct in early part of whorl, slightly depressed and radial between later chambers. Aperture a narrow, arched, equatorial, interiomarginal slit, fringed along upper margin with very fine pustules. Wall smooth. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-15c, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: This species has often been referred to as Nonion pizarrerisis Berry, but it differs in being smaller in size and less compressed, and having fewer chambers. It resembles Nonionella miocenica without the ultimatechamber lobe, and can easily be mistaken for juveniles of that species. It differs from Nonionella davanaensis Pierce, which has a subrounded peripheral edge and is distinctly trochospiral. Occurrence: N. milleri ranges in abundance from very rare to frequent throughout the Saucesian to Luisian section in Graves Creek. It also occurs from the Saucesian to Luisian at Indian Creek. in the lowest Luisian at Naples Beach, and in the Mohnian at Topanga Canyon. Etymology: This species is named for our coauthor and specialist on calcareous nannofossils, Peter L. Miller. Subfamily PULLENIINAE Schwager 1877 Genus PULLENIA Parker and Jones 1862 Pullenia inglei Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 9, figures 31, 32 Description: Test equally biconvex, involute, ovate shaped, periphery very lobulate. peripheral edge rounded. Chambers distinct, inflated, 6 in last whorl, wedge-shaped. Sutures distinct, slightly depressed, radial. Aperture a narrow, arched equatorial interiomarginal slit extending to umbilici. Wall smooth. Holotype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-4, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich. Jr., Discussion: This species morphologically grades from P. miocenica Kleinpell, but differs in being considerably less rotund than that species, to which it has often been compared. Although P. miocenica populations often include a wide range in the degree of test rotundity, populations comprised exclusively of the P. inglei morphotype suggest that this form should be designated as a distinct species. Occurrence: P. inglei is fairly common in the upper Relizian samples from Graves Creek. Elsewhere, it is more commonly recognized as a principle component of lower Mohnian assemblages, including those from the sections along the Manville Quarry access road, Topanga Canyon, and Upper Newport Bay. Etymology: This species is named for Prof. James C. Ingle, Jr., in recognition of his many contributions on the Neogene paleoecology and paleoceanography of the Pacific Rim. Superfamily CHILOSTOMELLACEA Brady 1881 Family GAVELINELLIDAE Hofker 1956 Subfamily GAVELINELLINAE Hofker 1956 Genus HANZAWAIA Asano 1944 Hanzawaia depaoloi Finger and Lipps, n. sp. Plate 8, figures Description: Test plano-convex, hemi-ovate in lateral view. Chambers long, nearly wedge-shaped, numbering about 8 in last whorl. Sutures indistinct in early part of last whorl, slightly incised and slightly curved between later chambers. Aperture an interiomarginal loop, bordered on the apertural face by a prominent lip along upper margin; secondary apertures located on umbilical side under chamber flaps which surround umbilicus. Wall smooth. Holotype: UCMP type number Paratype: UCMP type number Type locality: Locality GC-9, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., Discussion: TheHanzawaia plexus in the California Miocene is difficult to differentiate. Forms range in shape from nearly biconvex to concavo-convex, with slightly depressed to limbate sutures, and umbilical flaps which may or may not be fused (see pl. 8, fig. 18). This species has been referred to by other regional workers as H. americana (Cushman), H. basiloha (Cushman), and H. illingi (Nuttall). Examination of the H. americana holotype reveals a species which is probably a Cibicidina - secondary umbilical apertures are not

45 K. L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the low>er Montereg Formution, Culflorniu discernible. H. depaoloi is most readily distiguished from H. basiloba by lacking the strongly hooked basal lobes. It has fewer and broader chambers than does H. illingi. Occurrence; This species ranges from very rare to common throughout the entire Saucesian-Luisian section studied in the Graves Creek area. It is a common form in the California Miocene, ranging Saucesian to Mohnian. Etymology; H. depaoloi is named for our colleague Prof. Donald J. DePaolo, who age-dated several of our Graves Creek samples with strontium isotopes. TAXONOMIC REMARKS ON HELZCOSPHAERA SCZSSURA Peter L. Miller Helicosphaera scissura Miller Plate 14, figures 1 la-17 Helicosphaera scissura MILLER 1981, p. 433, pl. 3, figs. 10allc. Remarks; I suspect that this useful helicolith often has been identified and/or included with Helicospliaera ampliaperta because of its similar morphology and stratigraphic range. Since its initial description (Miller 1981), it has been observed in large numbers from Lower Miocene Monterey rocks in California at Reliz Canyon and Naples Beach. H. scissura from Sample CRC (= GC-3), collected by K. L. Finger from Graves Creek, was studied with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to further delineate its morphologic features. Plate 14, figures show three different specimens in proximal view. Figures 15 and 16 display a well-developed terminal flange or flaring wing (broken off in fig. 17) and a suggestion of a possible remnant of a central bridge or bar in figure 15 and a more regular elongate opening in figure 17. Nomarski microphotographs also show a moderately to well-developed terminal flange in figures 12b and 13b, and a certain degree of irregularity and variation in width of the elongate opening of the central area in figures lla through 13b. In contrast, Helicospliaera ampliaperta displays an oval-shaped opening, particularly in figures 9a and 9b, characteristic of the holotype and paratype originally described and illustrated by Bramlette and Wilcoxon (1967, p. 105, pl. 6, figs. 1-4). Occurrence;Locally rare to abundant in the CN2-CN3 Zones of the Monterey Formation in Graves Creek. Very rare to abundant in the CN2-CN3 Zones of the Saucesian to Relizian Stages of the Monterey Formation along Naples Beach. Very rare to frequent in the uppermost Vaqueros Formation (CN2) of the Siphogenerina transversa Zone and very rare to abundant in the CN3 Zone of the Sandholdt Member of the Monterey Formation of Reliz Canyon, particularly in the Uvigerinella obesa and Siphogenerina hughesi Zones. Also observed in several dart cores and at DSDP Site 469 in Zone CN3 of the Southern California Continental Borderland (Bukry 1981). Theodoridis (1984) lists it in several Miocene sections of the Mediterranean region. SPECIES REFERENCE LIST BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA Note: Reference to indeterminate species by letter (e.g., sp. B) follows the designation used by Finger in his more extensive collection of California Miocene foraminifers. Plate and figure numbers in italic type refer to this paper. Ammobaclclites? sp. B PI. 4, fig. 31. Ammodiscus incertlcs (d'orbigny) = Operculina incerta d'orbigny 1839, Hist. Phys. Nat. Cuba, p. 49; v. 8, pl. 6, figs PI. 4, fig. 30. Amphimorphina amchitkaensis (Todd) = Dentalina? amchitkaensis Todd 1953, Contr. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v. 4, pt. 1, p. 3, pl. 1, figs PI. I,figs Anomalinoides salinasensis (Kleinpell) = Anomalina salinasensis Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., p. 347, pl. 13, figs. la-c. PI. 8,figs Astacolus cf. A. cymboides (d'orbigny) = Cristellaria cymboides d'orbigny 1846, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, p. 85, pl. 3, figs. 30, 31. PI. 3, figs. 5, 6. Astacolus sp. B PI. 3,figs, 1, 2. Astacolus sp. C PI. 3,figs. 3, 4. Astacolus sp. H PI. 10,figs. 8, 9. Astacolus sp. I PI. 3, figs Baggina californica Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 64, pl. 9, figs. 8a-c. PI. 7, figs Bolivina advena Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 29, pl. 5, figs. la, b. PI. 4, fig. I. Bolivina advena ornata Cushman = Bolivina adt'e~ia var. ornata Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 29, pl. 5, figs. 2a, b. PI. 4,fig. 2. Bolivina blakei Finger and Lipps, new species = Bolivina floridana Cushman sensu Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., pl. 12, fig. 1. PI. 4,fig. 12.

46 Mlcropaleontology, 1x01. 36, no. 1, 1990 Bolivina brevior Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 31, pl. 5, figs. 8a, b. PI. 4, fig. 3 Bolivina californicn Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 32, pl. 5, figs. 10a, b. PI. 4, fig. 4. Bolivina churchi Kleinpell and Tipton, in Kleinpell 1980, Mio. Strat. Calif. Revisited, p. 72, pl. 9, figs. 11, 12. PI. 4, figs Bolivina conica Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 30, pl. 5, figs. 4a, b. PI. 4, figs. 5, 6. Bolivina granti Rankin, in Cushman and Kleinpell 1934, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 10, pt. 1, p. 21, pl. 4, figs. 2a-3b. Pl. 4, fig. 13. Bolivina imbricata Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 31, pl. 5, figs. 7a, b. PI. 4, figs Bolivina modeloensis Cushman and Kleinpell 1934, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 10, pt. 1, p. 10, pl. 2. figs. 4a, b. PI. 4, fig. 17. Bolivina pseudospissa Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., p. 279, pl. 21, fig. 6. PI. 4, fig. 18. Bolivina salinasensis Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., p. 280, pl. 9, fig. 6; pl. 15, fig. 3. PI. 10,fig. 3. Bolivina tongi filacostata Cushman and McCulloch = Bolivina tongi var. filacostata Cushman and McCulloch 1942, Allan Hancock Pac. Exped., v. 6, no. 4, p. 214, pl. 27, figs PI. 4, fig. 19. Bolivina tumida Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 32, pl. 5, figs. 9a, b. PI. 4, figs Buccella oregonensis (Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart) = Epo~zides mansfieldi var. oregonensis Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart 1948, Oregon Dept. Geol. Min. Indust., Bull., no. 36 (1947), pt. 2, p. 48, pl. 6, figs. a-c. PI. 6, figs Bulimina cf. B. hebespinata R. E. and K. C. Stewart = Bulimina pagoda var. hebespinata R. E. and K. C. Stewart 1930, Jour. Paleont., v. 4, no. 1, p. 63, pl. 8, figs. 3a, b. PI. 5,fig. I. Bulimina subacuminata Cushman and R. E. Stewart 1930, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., v. 6, no. 2, p. 65, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3a, b. PI. 5,fig. 2. Bulimina subcalva Cushman and K. C. Stewart 1930, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., v. 6, no. 2, p. 65, pl. 5, figs. lla, b. PI. 5,fig. 3 Buliminella elegantissima (d'orbigny) = Bulirnina elegantissima d'orbigny 1839, Voy. AmCr. Mer. Foraminifkres, v. 5, pt. 5, p. 51, pl. 7, figs. 13, 14. PI. 5,fig. 4. Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 33, pl. 5, fig. 12. PI. 5,figs Cancris baggi Cushman and Kleinpell 1934, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 10, pt. 1, p. 15, pl. 3, figs. 2a-c. PI. 7, figs Chilostomella ovoidea Reuss 1850, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien.. Math.-Naturw. Cl., Denkschr., v. 1, p. 380, pl. 48. figs. 12a-e. PI. 7, figs. I, 2. Chilostomina pustulosa Finger and Gaponoff 1986, Jour. Foram. Res., v. 16, no. 1, p. 37, pl. 1, figs. 1-15; pl. 2, figs. 1-12; pl. 3, figs Pi. 7, fig. 3. Chrysalogonium californiensis Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. 1,figs Cibicides pumilus Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. 8,figs Cibicidoides cushmani (Barbat and von Estorff) = Cibicides florida~zus var, cushmani Barbat and von Estorff Jour. Paleont., v. 7, no. 2, p. 173, pl. 23, figs. 21a-c. PI. 8,figs Dentalina atascaderoensis Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. I, fig. 12. Dentalina communis d'orbigny = h'odosaria (Dentaline) communis d'orbigny 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, scr. 1, v. 7, p PI. I, fig. 8. Dentalina lagoei Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. I, fig. 11. Dentalina pseudoobliqua Finger and Lipps, new species = Dentalina ohliqua sensu Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., pl. 11, fig. 7, not Nautilus ohliquus LinnC 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, v. 1, p PI. 1, fig. 10.

47 K. L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the lower Monterey Formation, California Dentalina roemeri Neugeboren 1856, K. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturw. Cl., Denkschr., Wien, v. 12, pt. 2, p. 82. PI. 1, fig. 9. Dentalina sp. F PI. I, fig. 13. Duplella baggi Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. 2, figs. 30, 31. Duplella lacrima Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. 2, figs. 32, 33. Elphidium granti Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., p. 938, pl. 19, figs. 1, 11. PI. 6, figs. 27, 28. Enantiodentalina muraii Uchio 1953, Jap. Jour. Geol. Geogr., Trans., v. 23, p. 152, pl. 14, figs. 1, 2. PI. 5, figs Epistominella smithi (R. E. and K. C. Stewart) = Pulvinulinella smithi R. E. and K. C. Stewart 1930, Jour. Paleont., v. 4, no. 1, p. 70, pl. 9, figs. 4a-c. PI. 6, figs Fissurina gravesensis Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. 2, figs. 5, 6. Fissurina cf. F. laevigata labiata (Buchner) = Lagelza laevigata var. labiata Buchner 1940, K. Leopo1d.- Carol. Deutsch. Akad. Naturf., Abh., v. 9, no. 62, p. 467, pl. 12, figs PI. 2, figs. 3, 4. Fissurina longipunctata Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. 2, figs. 13, 14. Fissurina natlandi Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. 2, figs. 1, 2. Fissurina quasimarginata Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. 2, figs. 7, 8. Fissurina sp. H PI. 2, figs. 9, 10. Fissurina sp. M PI. 2, figs. 11, 12 Frondicularia cf. F. bulbosa Coryell and Rivero 1940, Jour. Paleont., v. 14, p. 327, pl. 41, fig. 18. PI. 9,fig. 21. Frondicularia sp. PI. 9, fig. 20. Fursenkoina sp. E P1. 10,fig. 4. Gaudryina pliocenica Cushman, Stewart and Stewart 1949, Oregon Dept. Geol. Min. Indust., Bull., no. 36, pt. 7,p. 150,pl. 17,figs.2a,b. PI. 10,fig. I Gavelinopsis durhami Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. 6,figs Gavelinopsis holkos Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. 6, figs Globocassidulina neomargareta Finger and Lipps, new species = Cassidulina rnargar-eta sensu Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., pl. 7, fig. 20(?); pl. 8, fig. 10. PI. 8, figs. 26, 27. Globocassidulina neopulchella Finger and Lipps, new species = Cassidulina pulchella sensu Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., pl. 10, fig. 9. PI. 8, figs Guttulina sp. PI. 4, fig. 33. Gyroidina healdi (R. E. and K. C. Stewart) = Eponides healdi R. E. and K. C. Stewart 1930, Jour. Paleont., v. 4, no. 1, p. 70, pl. 8, figs. 8a-c. PI. 9,figs Gyroidina rosaformis (Cushman and Kleinpell) = Eponides r-osaformis Cushman and Kleinpell 1934, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 10, pt. 1, p. 14, pl. 2, figs. 18a-c. PI. 9, figs Hansenisca rotundimargo (R. E. and K. C. Stewart) = Gyroidilza soldanii var. r-otundimargo R. E. and K. C. Stewart 1930, Jour. Paleont., v. 4, no. 1, p. 68, pl. 9, figs. 3a-c. PI. 9, figs Hanzawaia cf. H. crassisepta (Cushman and Laiming) = Cihicides americanus var. cr-assiseptus Cushman and Laiming 1931, Jour. Paleont., v. 5, no. 2, p. 119, pl. 14, figs. 7a-c. PI. 8, figs Hanzawaia depaoloi Finger and Lipps, new species PI. 8, figs Holmanella baggi (K 1 e i n p e 11) = Planulina baggi Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. calif.,^. 349,pl. 8, figs. 14a-c. PI. 8, figs Hyalinonetrion "elongata" (Ehrenberg) = Miliolina elongata Ehrenberg 1844, K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1844, p. 274; type-fig. not given. P1. I, fig. 53.

48

49 K. L. Finger et al.: Calcareous vlicrofossils in the lower Monterey Formatiorz, Califol.tzra Megastomella capitanensis (Cushman and Kleinpell) = Pulv~nulinella capitanensis Cushman and Kleinpell 1934, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 10, pt. 1, p. 16, pl. 3, figs. 3a-c. PI. 6, figs , 25, 26. Megastomella purisima (Bramlette) = Pul~~inulinella purisima Bramlette, in Woodring and Bramlette 1951, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., no. 222 (1950), p. 60, pl. 23, figs PI. 6. figs Nodogenerina parexilis (Cushman and K. C. Stewart) = Nodosaria parexilis Cushman and K. C. Stewart, in Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart 1930, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., v. 6, p. 55, pl. 2, figs PI. I, figs Nodogenerina parkeri Finger and Lipps, new species PI. I, fig. 28. Nodogenerina sagrinensis (Bagg) = Nodosaria sagrinensis Bagg 1912, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., no. 513, p. 58, pl. 16, fig. 4. PI. 1, figs Nodogenerina tappani Finger and Lipps. new species. P1. 1, figs Nodosaria ewaldi Reuss 185 1, Deutsch. Geol. Ges., Zeitschr., v. 3, p. 58, pl. 3, figs. 2a, b. PI. 1. figs. 14, 15. Nodosaria franki Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. I. fig. 18. Nodosaria irregularis (Kleinpell) = Nodogenerina irregularis Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., p. 245, pl. 17, fig. 12. PI. I, fig. 16. Nodosaria obispoensis Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. 1, fig. 17. Nodosaria perversa (Neugeboren) = Dentalina per1,ersa Neugeboren 1856, K. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturw. Cl., Denkschr., Wien, v. 12, pt. 2, p. 80. PI. 1, fig. 21. Nodosaria weaveri Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. 1, figs. 19, 20. Nonionella miocenica Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 64. PI. 7,figs Nonionellina milleri Finger and Lipps, new species PI. 7,figs. 7,8. Oolina cf. 0.borealis Loeblich and Tappan 1954, Washington Acad. Sci., Jour., v. 44, no. 12, p PI. 2, figs. 17, 18. Oolina elongata (Dunikowski) = Lagena elongata Dunikowski 1879, Kosmos, v. 4, p. 105, fig. 2. PI. 2, figs. 26, 27. Oolina globosa setosa (Earland) = Lagena globosa var. setosa Earland 1934, Discovery Reports, v. 10, p. 150, pl. 6, fig. 52. PI. 2, figs. 28, 29. Oolina hexagona (Williamson) = Entosolenia syuamosa var. hexagona Williamson 1848, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, v. 1, p. 20, pl. 2, fig. 23. PI. 2, fig. 23. Oolina melo d'orbigny 1839, Voy. AmCr. Merid. Foram., v. 5, pt. 5, p. 20, pl. 5, fig. 9. PI. 2, figs Oridorsalis subtenera (Galloway and Wissler) = Rotalia subtenera Galloway and Wissler 1927, Jour. Paleont., v. 1, p. 60, pl. 10, figs. 4a-c. P1. 9, figs , 19. Oridorsalis umbonata (Reu s s) = Rotalina umborlata Reuss 1851, Deutsch. Geol. Ges., Zeitschr., v. 3, p. 75, pl. 5, figs. 35a-c. PI. 9, figs Paracassidulina delicata ( C u s h m an) = Cassidulina delicata Cushman 1927, Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Bull., Tech. Ser., v. 1, p. 168, pl. 6, fig. 5. Not figured. Parafissurina sp. B PI. 2,figs Parafrondicularia miocenica (Cushman) = Plectofrondicularia nziocenica Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 58, pl. 7, figs. 10, 11; pl. 8, figs. 11, 12. PI. 9, figs Planorbulina sp. PI. 6,,figs. 29, 30. Plectofrondicularia californica Cushman and R. E. Stewart 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 2, p. 39, pl. 6, figs PI. 9. fig. 23. Praeglobobulimina spinifera (Cushman) = Bulimina spinifera Cushman, Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Bull. Tech. Ser., v. 1, p. 151, pl. 2, fig. 15. PI. 5, fig. 10.

50 Mirropaleontology, 1' no Protoglobobulimina pseudotorta (Cushman) = Bulimina pseudotorta Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.,v. 2,pt. 3,p. 55,pl. 7,fig. 3. PI. 5, fig. 9. Proxifrons advena (Cushman) = Frondicularia advena Cushman 1923, U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull., no. 104, p. 141, pl. 20, figs. 1, 2. PI. 9, fig. 22. Pseudononion basispinatum (Cushman and Moyer) = Nonion piiarrensis var. basispinata Cushman and Moyer 1930, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 6, pt. 3, p. 54, pl. 7, figs. 18a, b. PI. 7, figs. 9, 10. Pseudononion costiferum (Cushman) = Norzionirza costifera Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 4, p. 90, pl. 13, figs. 2a-c. PI. 7, figs. 11, 12. Pseudoparrella subperuviana (Cus hman) = Pulvinulinella subperuviana Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 63, pl. 9, figs. 9a-c. PI. 6, figs Pullenia inglei Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. 9,figs Pullenia malkinae Coryell and Mossman 1942, Jour. Pale- ont., v. 16, p. 234, pl. 36, figs. 3, 4. P1. 9,figs. 29, 30. Pullenia miocenica Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., p. 338, pl. 14. fig. 6. PI. 9, figs. 27, 28. Rectuvigerina branneri (Bagg) = Sagrirza branneri Bagg 1905, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., no. 268, p. 40, pl. 7, fig. 4. PI. 4, figs Rectuvigerina hughesi (Cu s hm an) = Siphogenerina hughesi Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 36, pl. 7, figs. 4a, b. PI. 4, figs. 35, 36. Rectuvigerina loeblichi Finger and Lipps, new species PI. 4, figs Rectuvigerina transversa (Cushman) = Siphogenerina raphanus var. trarzsversus Cushman 191 8, U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull., no. 103, p. 64, pl. 22, fig. 8. P1. 4, figs Reophax cf. R. excenticus Cushman 1910, U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull., no. 71, pt. 1, p. 92, fig PI. 4, fig. 32. Reussoolina simplex (Reuss) = Oolina simplex Reuss 1851, Naturw. Abh., Wien, v. 4, pt. 1, p. 22, pl. 2, figs. 2a, b. PI. 2, figs. 24, 25. Rosalina californica Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. 6, figs Rutherfordoides californiensis (B ramle tte) = Cassidulinoides califor-niensis Bramlette, in Woodring and Bramlette 195 1, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., no. 222 (1950), p. 61, pl. 22, fig. 7. PI. 8, figs Siphonodosaria advena (Cushman and Laiming) = Nodogenerina advena Cushman and Laiming 193 1, Jour. Paleont., v. 5, no. 2, p. 106, pl. 11, figs. 19a, b. PI. I, figs. 26, 27, Siphonodosaria montereyana Finger and Lipps, new species. P1. 1, figs Siphonodosaria quadrulata (Cushman and Parker) = Dentalina quadrulata Cushman and Parker 1931, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 7, pt. 1, no. 99, p. 3, pl. 1, figs PI. I, figs Siphonodosaria sp. PI. I, figs. 24, 25. Sphaeroidina chilostomata Galloway and Morrey = Sphaeroidirza bulloides var. chilostomata Galloway and Morrey 1924, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 15, no. 55, p. 32, pl. 5, figs. la, b. PI. 7, fig. 13. Spirosigmoilina tenuis (Czjzek) = Quinqueloculina tenuis Czjzek 1848, Naturw. Abh., v. 2, pt. 1, p. 149, pl. 13, figs PI. 4, fig. 34. Suggrunda inflata Finger and Lipps, new species. PI. 4, figs Suggrunda kleinpelli Bramlette, in Woodring and Bramlette 1951, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., no. 222 (1950), p. 59, pl. 23, figs. 4, 5, 9. PI. 4, figs. 24, 25. Trifarina fluens (Todd) = Angulogerina fluens Todd, in Cushman and McCulloch 1948, Allan Hancock Pac. Exped., v. 6, no. 5, p pl. 36, figs. la-f. P1. 10, fig. 5. Uvigerina cf. U. hannai Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., p. 294, not figured. PI. 5,fig. 17.

51 K. L. Finger er 01.: Calcareous rnic~~ofossils In the low7er Monte1.e) FOIntatron. Cnlrfoi.nrn Uvigerina cf. U. hispidocostata Cushman and Todd 1945, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Publ., no. 15, p. 51, pl. 7, figs. 27, 3 1. PI. 5,fig. 16. Uvigerina hootsi Rankin, in Cushman and Kleinpell 1934, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 10, pt. 1, p. 22, pl. 3, figs. 8, 9. PI. 5,fig. 15. Uvigerina subperegrina Cushman and Kleinpell 1934, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 10, pt. 1, p. 12, pl. 2, figs PI. 5, fig. 18. Uvigerinella californica Cu shman = Uvigerina (Uvigerinella) californica Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 58, pl. 8, figs. 2, 5. PI. 5, figs Uvigerinella californica ornata Cushman = U1,igerina (Uvigerinella) californica var. ornata Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 59. pl. 8, figs. 1, 6. P1. 5,figs. 22, 23. Vaginulina cf. V. dubia (Neugeboren) = Marginulina du bia Neugeboren 185 1, Siebenb. Ver. Naturw. Hermannstadt, Verh. Mitt., 1851, Jahrg. 2, no. 7, p. 120, pl. 4, fig. 1. PI. 5, figs. 26, 27. Vaginulina cf. V. tenuis (Deecke) = Cristellaria ~qontis calvi Deecke var. tenuis Deecke 1886, Soc. Emul. MontebCliard, MCm., v. 16 (scr. 3, v. 6), p. 322, pl. 2, fig. 23. PI. 5,figs. 24, 25. Valvulineria californica Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 60, pl. 9, figs. la-c. PI. 7, figs Valvulineria miocenica Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 61, pl. 8, figs. 9, 10; pl. 9, figs. 3a-c. PI. 7,figs Valvulineria robusta (Kleinpel I) = Baggina robus ta Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., p. 325, pl. 11, figs. 8a-c. P1. 7, figs PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERA Catapsydrax stainforthi Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan 1957, U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull., no. 215, p. 37, pl. 7, figs. 11 a-c. PI. l1,figs Globigerina bulloides d'orbigny 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat., scr. 1, v. 7, p. 277; modttles no. 17 and 76. PI. 11, figs Globigerina connecta? Jenkins 1964, Micropaleontology, v. 10, no. 1, p. 72, text-figs. la-c. PI. l0,figs Globigerina praebulloides Blow 1959, Bull. Am. Paleont., v. 39, no. 178, p. 180, pl. 8, figs. 47a-c; pl. 9, fig. 48. P1. 11, figs Globigerina pseudociperoensis Blow = Globigerina praebulloides pseudociperoensis Blow, in Bronnimann and Renz (eds.) 1969, Proc. First Intl. Conf. Plankt. Microfossils, v. l, p. 381, 382, pl. 17, figs. 8, 9. PI. 11, figs Globigerina quinqueloba Natland 1938, Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Bull., Tech. Ser., v. 4, no. 5, p. 149, pl. 6, figs. 7a-c. PI. 11, figs Globigerina cf. G. woodi Jenkins 1960, Micropaleontology, v. 6, no. 4, p. 352, pl. 2, figs. 2a-c. PI. l0,figs ; pl. 11.,figs Globigerinella obesa (Bolli) = Glohorotalia obesa Bolli 1957, U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull., no. 215, p. 119, pl. 29, figs. 2, 3. P1. 10,figs Globigerinita glutinata (Egger) = Globigerina glutinata Egger 1895, K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Miinchen, Math.- Physik. CI., Abh., v. 18, pt. 2 (1 893), p. 371, pl. 13, figs Type-fig. in Ehrenberg 1893, K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Abh., Jahrg. 1872, pl. 2, figs. 24, 25. PI. 11,figs. 21, Globigerinita uvula (Ehrenberg) = Pylode.~ia u\,ula Ehrenberg 1861, K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, Monatsber., p. 276, 277, 308. PI. 11, figs. 16, 17. Globigerinoides altiaperturus Bolli = Globigerinoides triloba altiapertura Bolli 1957, U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull., no. 215, p. 11 3, pi. 25, figs. 7a-c. PI. 10,figs ; pl. 12, figs Globigerinoides cf. Glr. primordius Blow and Banner 1962, in Eames et al. 1962, Fundamentals of Mid-Tertiary Stratigraphical Correlation, p. 15, pl. ix, figs. D-F. [Transitional between Glr. altiaperturus and GIK primordius] PI. 12, figs. I, 2. Globigerinoides quadrilobatus (d'orbigny) = Globigerina quadrilobata d'orbigny 1846, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, p. 164, pl. 9, figs P1. 12,figs. 6, 7. Globoquadrina baroemoenensis (LeRoy) = Globigerina baroemoenensis LeRoy 1939, Nat. K. Tijdscher Ned. Indie, v. 99, no. 6, p. 263, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2. PI. 10, figs

52 Mic~ropaleontology, vol. 36, no. 1,1990 Globoquadrina venezuelana (Hedberg) = Globigerina \,enezuelana Hedberg 1937, Jour. Paleont., v. 11, no. 8, p. 681, pl. 92, figs. 7a, b. P1. 12, figs Globorotalia cf. Glr. acrostoma Wezel = "Globorotalia" acrostoma Wezel 1966, Riv. Ital. Paleont., v. 72, no. 4, p. 1298, pl. 101, figs. 1-12, text-fig. 1. P1. 10, figs Globorotalia birnageae Blow 1959, Bull. Am. Paleont., v. 39, no. 178, p. 210, pl. 17, figs. 108a-c. P1. 10,figs Globorotalia mayeri Cushman and Ellisor 1939, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 15, pt. 1, p. 11, pl. 2, figs. 4a-c. PI. 12,figs Globorotalia praescitula Blow = Globorotalia scitula praescitula Blow 1959, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 39, no. 178, p. 221, pl. 19, figs. 128a-c. PI. 12, figs Globorotalia praescitula-glr. zealandica transitional form. PI. 12, figs Globorotalia zealandica Hornibrook 1958, N. Z. Jour. Geol. Geophys., v. 1, no. 4, p. 667, pl. 673, figs. 18, 19, 30. Pl. 12,figs Globorotaloides suteri Bolli 1957, U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull., no. 215, p. 117, pl. 27, figs PI. 12, figs Neogloboquadrina continuosa (Blow) = Globorotalia opima continuosa Blow 1959, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 39, no. 178, p. 218, pl. 19, figs. 125a-c. PI. 12,,figs Protentellaprolixa? Lipps 1964, Tulane Stud. Geol., v. 2, no. 4, p. 124, pl. 2, figs. 8a-9c. PI. 10, figs Tenuitellinata angustiumbilicata (Bolli) = Globigerina ciperoensis angustiu~r~bilicata Bolli 1957, U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull., no. 215, p. 109, pl. 22, figs. 12a-c, 13a-c. P1. 11, figs OSTRACODA Ambostracon sp. A PI. 13, figs. 1, 2. Ambostracon sp. B P1. 13, fig. 3. Aurila cf. A. driveri (LeRoy) = Brachycythere driveri LeRoy 1943, Jour. Paleont., v. 17, no. 4, p. 371, pl. 61, figs. 6-10; pl. 62, figs. 17, 18; text-fig. 2y. PI. 13, fig. 4. Coquimba cf. C. schencki (LeRoy) = Cyihereis schencki LeRoy 1943, Jour. Paleont., v. 17, no. 4, p. 371, pl. 58, figs. 9-14; text-fig. 2u. PI. 13,figs. 7, 8. Hemicytherura sp. PI. 13,fig. 15. "Hermanites" sp. P1. 13,,fig. 11. Kangarina sp. PI. 13, figs. 12, 13 Loxoconcha cf. L. tamarindoidea Swain, in Swain and Gilby 1974, Micropaleontology, v. 20, no. 3, p. 320, pl. 5, figs. 1, 3, 4a, b; pl. 6, fig. 6. PI. 13,figs. 4, 5. "Microcytherura" sp. PI. 13, figs. 16, 17. Paracosta cf. P. huddlestoni Finger 1983, Micropaleontology, v. 29, no. 1, p. 88, pl. 3, figs. 1-8; pl. 10, fig. 6. PI. 13, fig. 6. Pectocythere sp. PI. 13, figs. 9, 10 CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON Coccolithus miopelagicus Bukry 197 1, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., v. 16, no. 14, p. 310, pl. 2, figs PI. 14, figs. la, b. Coccolithus pelagicus (Wallich) Schiller 1930 = Coccosphaera pelagica Wallich 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, v. 19, p. 348, figs. 1, 2, 5, 11, 12. Not figured. Coronocyclus nitescens (Kamptner) Bramlette and Wilcoxon 1967 = Umbilicosphaera nitescens Kamptner 1963, Ann. Naturhist. Museum, v. 66, p , pl. 1, fig. 5. PI. 15,fig. 8. Cyclicargolithus floridanus (Roth and Hay) Bukry = Coccolithus floridanus Roth and Hay 1967, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc., Trans., v. 17, no. 455, pl. 6, figs P1. 15, figs. 10, 11. Discoaster adamanteus Bramlette and Wilcoxon 1967, Tulane Stud. Geol., v. 5, no. 3, p , pl. 7, fig. 6. PI. 15, fig. 16. Discoaster deflandrei Bramlette and Riedel 1954, Jour. Paleont., v. 28, no. 4, p. 399, pl. 39, fig. 6, text-figs. la-c. P1. 15, figs Discoaster exilis Martini and Bramlette 1963, Jour. Paleont., v. 37, no. 4, p. 852, pl. 104, figs PI. 15,fig. 17.

53 K. L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the lonler Montere Formation. California Discoaster cf. D. intercalaris Bukry 1971, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., v. 16, no. 14, p. 315, pl. 3, fig. 12; pl. 4, figs. 1, 2. PI. 15, figs. 12, 13. Discoaster signus Bukry 1971, Micropaleontology, v. 17, no. 1, p. 48, pl. 3, figs. 3, 4. PI. 15, fig. 18. Discoaster stellulus Gartner 1967, Univ. Kansas, Paleont. Contr., Pap. 29, p. 3, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2, 3a-c. PI. 15, figs. 14, 15. Discoaster variabilis Martini and Bramlette 1963, Jour. Paleont., v. 34, no. 4, p. 854, pl. 104, figs PI. 15, figs. 19, 20. Discoaster variabilis var. PI. 15, figs Helicosphaera ampliaperta Bramlette and Wilcoxon 1967, Tulane Stud. Geol., v. 5, no. 3, p. 105, pl. 6, figs PI. 14, figs. 9a-lob. Helicosphaera carteri (Wallich) Kamptner 1954 = Coccosphaera carterii Wallich 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, v. 19, p. 348, pl. 17, figs. 3, 4, 6, 7, 17. PI. 14, figs. 7,8. Helicosphaera intermedia Martini 1965, Butterworths Sci. Publ., London, p. 404, pl. 35, figs. 1, 2. P1. 14, fig. 5. Helicosphaera mediterranea Miiller 1981, Senckenberg. Lethaea, v. 61, no. 316, p PI. 14, fig. 6. Helicosphaera scissura Miller 198 1, Micropaleontology, v. 27, no. 4, p. 433, pl. 3, figs. 10a-llb. PI. 14, figs. lla-17. Lithostromationperdurum Deflandre 1942, Acad. Sci., C. R., v. 214, p. 918, text-figs PI. 15, fig. 7. Pontosphaera vigintiforata (Kamptner ex Deflandre) = Discolithus vigintiforata Kamptner 1948, ~sterreich. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturw. Kl., Sitzber., Abt. 1, v. 157, no. 1, p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 8a, b. PI. 15,fig. 9. Reticulofenestra gartneri Roth and Hay 1967, Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc., Trans., v. 17, p. 449, pl. 7, fig. 1. PI. 14, figs Sphenolithus abies? Deflandre 1953, Acad. Sci., C. R., v. 237, p Not figured. Sphenolithus belemnos Bramlette and Wilcoxon 1967, Tulane Stud. Geol., v. 5, no. 3, p. 118, pl. 2, figs PI. 15, figs. la-2b. Sphenolithus heteromorphus Deflandre 1953, Acad. Sci., C. R., v. 237, p , figs. 1, 2. PI. 15, figs. 3a-4h. Sphenolithus moriformis (Bronniman and Stradner) Bramlette and Wilcoxon 1967 = Nannoturbella morijormis Bronniman and Stradner 1960, Erdoel- Zeitschr., v. 76, p. 368, figs PI. 15,figs. 5, 6. APPENDIX: LOCALITY REGISTER All localities are registered in the University of California Museum of Paleontology as listed below. Samples from each locality are deposited in the Museum under those numbers. Original field measurements made in 1964 were in feet and map measurements made in 1989 were in meters. All GC localities were collected in the bed of Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California, on 13 May 1964 by Jere H. Lipps, AlfredR. Loeblich, Jr., andhelentappan. GC-numbers refer to field notes of Lipps. SL-I was collected independently by K. L. Finger and D. J. DePaolo in UCMP (= GC-1Sa) In the bed of Graves Creek under the Monterey Road bridge. 2V2 feet of section included in the sample, starting at the base of the exdosure u~section to a thin sandstone bed about 2 inches thi'ck. The base of the section is 4l/2 feet north of the second bridge pier at west end of bridge. Luisian. UCMP (= GC-15b) In bed of Graves Creek for 21h feet of section from top of thin sandstone bed of sample From 2V2 to 5 feet above base of section exposed under bridge. Luisian. UCMP (= GC-15~) In bed of Graves Creek for 1V2 feet of section above sample From 5 to 6V2 feet above base of section exposed under bridge. Luisian. UCMP (= GC-1Sd) In bed of Graves Creek including 41/2 feet of section above sample From 6V2 to 11 feet above base of section exposed under bridge. Section with sandstone and chert interbeds. Luisian. UCMP (= GC-1) Outcrop of well-bedded, light tan mudstone dipping NW on the east side of Graves Creek, approximately 165 m south of the Frank residence. Relizian. UCMP (= GC-2) In bed of Graves Creek, about 20 m south of locality GC-1 and feet stratigraphically below GC-1. Relizian. UCMP (= GC-3) On southern edge of bed of Graves Creek, approximately 40 feet stratigraphically below GC-2, in bedded mudstone between massive coarse-grained sandstone beds 6-12 inches thick. Relizian.

54 Micropaleontology. vol. 36,no. 1, 1990 UCMP (= GC-4) In bed of creek, 6 feet stratigraphically below GC-3 in tanbrown bedded mudstone. Relizian. UCMP (= GC-5) In bed of creek, about feet stratigraphically below GC-4. Relizian. UCMP (= GC-6) In bed of creek, about 15 feet stratigraphically below GC-5. Relizian. UCMP (= GC-7) In bed of creek, about feet stratigraphically below GC-6. Relizian. UCMP (= GC-8) In bed of creek, 40 feet stratigraphically below GC-7. Relizian. UCMP (= GC-9) In bed of creek, 15 feet stratigraphically below GC-8. Relizian. UCMP (= GC-10) In bed of creek. 10 feet stratigraphically below GC-9. Relizian. UCMP (= GC-11) In bed of creek, 25 feet stratigraphically below GC-10. Relizian. UCMP (= GC-12) In bed of creek, 10 feet below GC-11. Relizian. UCMP (= GC-13) About 500 m south of Frank residence in bed of Graves Creek. Outcrops in bed exposed through creek sands. Saucesian. UCMP (= GC-14) In bed of Graves Creek, about 13 feet stratigraphically below GC-13. Saucesian. UCMP (= SL-1) Outcrop on north side of Santa Lucia Road approximately 50 m west of the intersection with Los Gatos Road, Saucesian Atascadero, San Luis Obispo County, California. REFERENCES ARNAL, R. E., CROUCH, J. K., and BUKRY, D., Comment and reply on 'Comparison of Miocene Provincial Foraminifera1 Stages to Coccolith Zones in the California Continental Borderland'. Geology, 8(1):2-5. BAGG, R. M., JR., Miocene foraminifera from the Monterey Shale of California with a few species from the Tejon Formation. U. S. Geological Survey, Bulletin, 268:78 pp. BALDAUF, J. G., and BARRON, J. A,, Diatom biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the type section of the Luisian Stage, central California. Micropaleontology, 28(1): BANDY, 0. L., 1953a. Ecology and paleoecology of some California foraminifera. Part I. The frequency distribution of Recent foraminifera off California. Journal of Paleontology, 27(2): , 1953b. Ecology and paleoecology of some California foraminifera. Part I. 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