12. ARCHAEOMONADS AS EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE GUIDE FOSSILS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS
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1 . ARCHAEOMONADS AS EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE GUIDE FOSSILS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS Andrew M. Gombos, Jr., Antarctic Research Facility, Department of Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida INTRODUCTION The Archaeomonadaceae are a family of fossil marine chrysomonadins, presumably planktonic in life habitat, characterized by siliceous cysts of spherical or ovoid form with a minute round opening or pore on their top side (Stradner, 97). Archaeomonads are known as fossils from the Late Cretaceous to Miocene, only recently having been reported from the Oligocene by PerchNielsen (975). Tynan (97), in a report on the known geologic occurrences of archaeomonads, noted that "there are no reported occurrences of the archaeomonads in the Oligocene." He attributed this "absence" of Oligocene archaeomonads to a lack of study of sediments of that age. This appears to have been the case as Perch Nielsen (975) has recently reported the first occurrences of Oligocene archaeomonads from two DSDP Leg 9 sites: Site 78 (56.4'S, 'E) in the Emerald Basin and Site 80 ( 'S, 'E) south of the South Tasman Rise. Three new archaeomonad species of the genus Archaeosphaeridium were described by PerchNielsen (975) from the late Eocene and Oligocene at these sites. The three species, Archaeosphaeridium australensis, A. tasmaniae, and A. dumitricae, consist, basically, of smooth spheres to which spines of varying lengths and orientations are attached. One of the species, A. tasmaniae, is the first reported archeomonad with very long spines. During the preparation of the diatom report for this volume, the occurrence of the three abovementioned archaeomonad species was noted in late Eocene and Oligocene samples from Site 8 ( 'S, 6 9.5'W) in the Malvinas Outer Basin in the South Atlantic Ocean (Figure ). These, quite distinctive species, appear to have potential as guide fossils to Eocene and Oligocene age sediments; therefore, their distribution at Site 8 is presented here. METHODS Each slide was examined for archaeomonads by making a series of 0 traverses over the cover slip (8 8 mm) at 60 magnification. Each archaeomonad observed in this manner was noted. The same slides used in the diatom investigation (this volume) were used for this study. RESULTS The results of counting are presented in Table. The numbers in each column under taxa headings refer to actual counts of specimens made during 0 traverses. Figure. Location map of Leg 6 sites. None of the species under investigation were observed in Samples, 57 cm through 6, 707 cm, although diatoms are present in these samples. Samples 5, 9 cm and 5, 57 cm and Samples 54, 9 cm through 56, 79 cm are barren of diatoms as well as archaeomonads. The archaeomonads are never abundant in the samples studied. They are always subordinate in number to diatoms and other siliceous microfossils. Archaeosphaeridium australensis and A. tasmaniae were the most abundant of the three species, occurring in greatest numbers in the Oligocene (though not ranging completely through this interval) and in greatly reduced numbers in the late Eocene. Only two occurrences of A. dumitricae were noted in the present material. These rare occurrences were in the late Eocene. PerchNielsen (975) also records A. dumitricae only in the late Eocene in Leg 9 material. 689
2 A. M. GOMBOS, JR. TABLE Distribution and Abundances of Archaeosphaeridium australensis, A. tasmaniae, and A dumitricae in the Late Eocene and Oligocene in Hole 8B in the Malvinas Outer Basin, South Atlantic Ocean ëu Q.s? δ g u o Age Early Miocene Late Early Late Sample (Interval in cm),57, , 57, 445 4, 707 5,57 5,445 6, 707 6, , 68 4, , , 57 4, 4, 707 4, ,57 44, , 5 45, ,9 5, , 707 5, 57 5,6567 5, ,9 55,9 56, 79 sis CO _ ] S α _ c _ Other species of archaeomonads (various species of the genus Archaeomonas) were rare or absent in most of the samples. PerchNielsen reported other species of archaeomonads to be rare or to occur only sporadically in the Oligocene of Leg 9 material (PerchNielsen, 975). SUMMARY It appears that species of the archaeomonad genus Archaeosphaeridium have potential use as guide fossils to sediments of late Eocene and Oligocene age. The distribution of three species of this genus in late Eocene and Oligocene sediment from Site 8 in the South Atlantic Ocean compares favorably with the distribution of the same species in late Eocene and Oligocene sediments recovered by DSDP Leg 9 south of Australia and New Zealand. A. dumitricae appears to be restricted to the late Eocene. A. tasmaniae and A. australensis range from late Eocene to late Oligocene but are most abundant in the Oligocene. SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Genus ARCHAEOSPHAERIDIUM Deflandre (9) Archaeosphaeridium australensis PerchNielsen (975) (Plate, Figures 8) Description; PerchNielsen (975), p. 878, p., fig.0. Remarks: This species is characterized by a short neck of over half the diameter of the cyst, and to, long, downward pointing spines. Occurrence: This species was observed in late Eocene to late Oligocene sediments from Site 8. Archaeosphaeridium dumitricae PerchNielsen (975) (Plate, Figure 9) Description: PerchNielsen (975), p. 878, pi., fig. 7. Remarks: This species is characterized by a number of short, broadbased, robust spines in all directions. These spines are often connected by thin siliceous walls. Occurrence: This species was observed only in late Eocene samples from Site 8. Archaeosphaeridium tasmaniae PerchNielsen (975) (Plate, Figure 0; Plate, Figures 5) Description: PerchNielsen (975), p. 878, pi., fig. 8, pi., fig. 0, pi., fig.. Remarks: This species is characterized by to 6 very long spines oriented in any direction. Occurrence: This species was observed in late Eocene and Oligocene samples from Site 8. REFERENCES PerchNielsen, K., 975. Late Cretaceous to Pleistocene archaeomonads, ebridians, endoskeletal dinoflagellates, and other siliceous microfossils from the Subantarctic southwest Pacific, DSDP, Leg 9. In Kennett, J.P., Houtz, R.WE., et al., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume 9: Washington (U.S. Government Printing Office), p Stradner, H., 97. On the ultrastructure of Miocene Archaeomonadaceae (Phytoflagellates) from Limberg, Lower Austria. In Farinacci, A. (Ed.), Plankt. Conf. second Rome, 970 Proc, Roma (Tecnoscienza), p Tynan, E.J., 97. Geologic occurrence of the archaeomonads. In Farinacci, A. (Ed.), Plankt. Conf. second Rome, 970 Proc, Roma (Tecnoscienza), p
3
4 A. M. GOMBOS, JR. PLATE Figures 8 Figure 9 Figure 0 A rchaeosphaeridium australensis PerchNielsen.. Sample 8B45, 5 cm (640X).. Sample 8B45, 5 cm (660 ).. Sample 8B44, 4749 cm (660X). 4. Sample 8B4, 4446 cm (640 ). 5. Sample 8B45, 5 cm (660X). 6. Sample 8B44, 4749 cm (680 ). 7. Sample 8B4, cm (640X). 8. Sample 84, 4749 cm (660X). A rchaeosphaeridium dumitricae PerchNielsen. Sample 8B5, 4749 cm (640X). A rchaeosphaeridium tasmaniae PerchNielsen. Sample 84, 4749 cm (800X). 69
5 ARCHAEOMONADS PLATE O * > Jj 0 69
6 A. M. GOMBOS, JR. PLATE Figures 5 Archaeospaeridium tasmaniae PerchNielsen.. Sample 8B4, cm (860X).. Sample 8B4, 4547 cm (640 ).. Sample 8B4, 4446 cm (80 ). 4. Sample 8B4, 4547 cm (680 ). 5. Sample 84, 4749 cm (680X). 694
7 ARCHAEOMONADS PLATE» ó '. fcsjh'.,*. i 695
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