Index. Note: Page numbers with italicized f and t refer to figures and tables

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1 Index Note: Page numbers with italicized f and t refer to figures and tables A age-diagnostic dinoflagellate cyst taxa, 72 Agulhas Ridge region, 27 Andean Cordillera, 25 ANDRILL, 1, 3, 64, , 183, 186, 194 anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM), 120, 121f Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), 5, 6f, 16, 27, 36 development of, 9 stereographic location map, 6f through Drake Passage region, 6f through Scotia Sea, 6 7, 7f Antarctic cooling event, study of impact on marine and terrestrial organisms atmospheric CO 2 levels and oxygen levels, diatom biostratigraphy, 195 dinoflagellate cyst assemblage, , 199f, 206 ecology and assemblage composition, deteriorating conditions, late Eocene assemblages, palynological evaluation, , 198f Permian-Triassic pollen and spores, 204 reworked Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts, 200 sample collection and analysis, , 197t Antarctic Ice Sheet, 1 2, 5, 9, 15, 99, 116, 153 Antarctic mammal populations, 8 Antarctic margin gravity high (AMGH), 9, Antarctic Marine Geology Research Facility, Tallahassee, 118 Antarctic Peninsula Antarctic sea ice history and development of shelf diatom floras, challenges in drilling, 64 cryosphere development, 194 demise of vegetation, 189f early Pliocene warming, impacts, glacial history, 64 65, see also quartz sand grains, micromorphological investigation of greenhouse-icehouse transition, 36, 116, 128, 163, 194 overview, 64 paleoclimatic history of, 64 post-eocene Antarctic Ice Sheet, SHALDRIL drilling strategy, see SHALDRIL II Cruise NBP0602A; SHALDRIL program, of Joinville Plateau and James Ross basin see also Weddell Sea side of Antarctic Peninsula, study of magnetic properties of cores Antarctodolops, 8 Arctic marginal gravity highs, 12 Aurora Subglacial Basin, 12 authigenic smectites, B backfield IRM (BIRM), 120 Balleny Islands (BI), 11f, 17, 19, 21 BEDMAP sub-ice topography, of East Antarctica, 10f Belgica Subglacial Highlands, 11, 14 biostratigraphy and global implications of the age model, onboard, 135, 138 see also calcareous nannofossils, biostratigraphy; diatom biostratigraphy; dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy Burdwood Bank, 7f, 22, 25, 27 C calcareous nannofossils biostratigraphy, 88t of Hole 3C, 96 Holes NBP0602A-5C and NBP0602A-5D, SHALDRIL II cores, Hole NBP0602A-3C reticulofenestrids, 78 reworked Cretaceous species, 78 Cape Roberts Project (CRP), 64, 86, 177, 203 Cenozoic East Antarctic Ice Sheet, 5 Cenozoic vegetation and organic-walled phytoplankton, of Antarctic Peninsula 213

2 214 INDEX Cenozoic vegetation and organic-walled (continued) Miocene samples, Oligocene samples, Pliocene samples, species of dinoflagellate cysts, 169f podocarp conifer pollen, 171f pollen and spores, 170f see also Antarctic cooling event, study of impact on marine and terrestrial organisms chronostratigraphy, 2, 54, 57, 63, 70, 101, 133 circumpolar circulation, 23 climate history, 2, 65, 132 continental shelf break (CSB), reconstructions, 9 14 of East Antarctica and Australia, contourite drift morphology, 54, 56 57, 58, , , cryptogams, 177, 184, 203 D Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), 6f, 12f, 64 detrital smectites, 144 detrital zircon composition, of Paleogene strata, 44f, 45 diatom biostratigraphy F. barronii zone, 100 Hole NBP0602A-12A, Hole NBP0602A-3C, 96 bioevents that constraint ages, 76t 77t lower part, changes in, neritic-planktic taxa, 75 Paleogene diatom assemblages from cores 3C-1R a to 3C-7R a, 75 shelfal taxa, 75 taxa near Eocene Oligocene boundary, 75 78, 79f 86f uppermost part, Holes NBP0602A-5C and NBP0602A-5D, 97 extant species present, 87, 88t 89t hiatus, difficulties in determining stratigraphic position, 92 Maud Rise sites, 90 Miocene diatom assemblages, 90 taxa in lower section of Hole 5D, 90 Holes NBP0602A-6C and NBP0602A-6D, 92 93, 97 Miocene palynological data, from core NBP0602A, 180 Oligocene palynological data, from core NBP0602A, Pliocene palynological data, from core NBP0602A, 188 dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy, 88t, 92 94, 97, 168f, 204 Campanian-Maastrichtian section, 200 of Hole 3C, 96 of Hole NBP0602A-3C, 87 Miocene palynological data, from core NBP0602A, , 185f, 186 Oligocene palynological data, from core NBP0602A, 177 Dove Basin, 8 9 Drake Passage ACC circulation, 6f age estimates for opening, 36 Cenozoic land barrier, 7 cooling ages and interpolated time-temperature (t-t) paths, 39f as an Eocene gateway, 8 9 mammal dispersal, 7 8 opening of, reconstruction between SAM and the Antarctic Peninsula (ANT), 23f 26f tectonic opening, 8, 35, 37, 41 42, 116 thermochronologic data, E early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), 7 early Pliocene warming, East Antarctic Ice Sheet, 5, 9, 15 East Antarctica, reconstruction of, 10f environmental magnetism, 128 see also Weddell Sea side of Antarctic Pen insula, study of magnetic properties of cores Eocene fauna, 8 Eocene La Meseta Formation, 132, 141, 143, , 162 Eocene-Oligocene boundary, 5 7, 9, 19, 28, 75, 78, 87, 96, 128, 194, 208 Eocene-Oligocene transition, 116, 206 Eocene Tingamarra fauna, 8 Eurydolops, 8 F Falkland Plateau, 7, 25, 86, 96, 105

3 Index 215 G gateways, see Drake Passage George V and Oates coasts, 13, 16, 19, 28 GeoTek multi-sensor core logger (MSCL), 134 glacial history, 1, 64 65, 141, 154 glacimarine, 51, 53, 58, 64, 67, 128, 131, , 163 grain surface textures Eocene La Meseta samples and the SHALDRIL Site 3C, 163 James Ross Basin, 162f Great Australian Bight (GAB), 11 greenhouse-icehouse transition, 36, 116, 128, 163, 194 H high-latitude regions, drilling challenges, 64 Hole NBP0602A-12A age interpretations, interpretations, Hole NBP0602A-3C, age interpretations, 96 Holes NBP0602A-5C and NBP0602A-5D interpretations, Holes NBP0602A-6C and NBP0602A-6D interpretations, Holocene records, 1 2, 65 I icehouse, 36, 116, 128, 163, 167, 170, 194 Indo-Atlantic hot spots, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition, 64 isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), 120 demagnetization of, 121f J James Ross Basin, 126, 128, 132, 171, 195, 203 chlorite-bearing metamorphic and basic rocks, 143 clay minerals, coeval volcanic activity, 181 contourite drift morphology, grain surface textures, 162f interpretation of the depositional history and climatic evolution, kaolinite concentrations, 144 late Eocene, , 136f location overview, SHALDRIL program, smectite concentrations, tectonic movement, 54 55, 58 Joinville Plateau, 126, 132, , 190 concentrations of pebbles, 146 current-winnowed glacimarine deposits, early Pliocene taxa, evolution of climate and environmental conditions, 170 ice grounding events, reasons for, 147 interpretation of the depositional history and climatic evolution, Miocene taxa, Oligocene taxa, seismic data background of plateau, contour currents, impact of, 54, drill locations, 51, locations of NBP0602A seismic lines, 52f method of collecting seismic lines, 54 sedimentation rates, 57, 57t stratigraphic architecture and seismic facies, 54 56, 55f 56f seismic stratigraphy, , 174f SHALDRIL program, K Kangaroo Island, 10f, kaolinite, , , 141, King George Island region, 64, 169, 208 L La Meseta Formation, 9, 96, 132, 141, 143, , 157f, , 193, 200 Lambert Graben-Prdyz Bay Basin, 12 Larsen basin, 35, L Atalante Depression, 12f, 15, 17 18, 28 Lombok Strait of the Sunda Arc, 7 M Magallanes Basin, 35, 42, magnetic properties of cores, see Weddell Sea side of Antarctic Peninsula, study of magnetic properties of cores marine gateway, see Drake Passage

4 216 INDEX Maud Rise sites, 27, 70, 90, Maurice Ewing Bank, 7, 25 Mesozoic basin, 13 Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonics, 41 Miocene palynological data, from core NBP0602A, acanthomorph acritarchs and dinoflagellate cysts, , 185f, 186 diatom biostratigraphy, 180 early Cretaceous palynomorphs, 184 ecology and assemblage composition, general evaluation, 181 glaciomarine deposits, 186 Impletosphaeridium specimens, 181 late Jurassic and Cretaceous species, reworked, , 182f location, 180f Micrhystridium specimens, 181, 184 reworked specimens, sample collection and analysis, sedimentology, 180 species of pollen and spores, N nannofossil assessment, Nathaniel B. Palmer, 2, 65, 72, , 134, 167 O Oates Coast margin, 9, 16, 28 Oligocene ice, 169 Oligocene glaciation of Antarctica, 36 Oligocene palynological data, from core NBP0602A, abundance of key palynomorphs, 176f complexes of the acritarchs Micrhystridium spp. and Leiosphaeridia spp., 179 diatoms, dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs, 177 ecology and assemblage composition, 179 general evaluation, location, 174f Nothofagidites spp., reworked specimens of Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Eocene age, 177 sample collection and analysis, species of pollen and spores, onboard biostratigraphy, 135, 138 P Paleogene diatom assemblages, 75 palynological data, see SHALDRIL NBP0602A palynological data palynology, 174 partial annealing zone (PAZ), 38 Permian-Triassic strata, 178 Phoenix-Antarctic Ridge, 22 plant evolution, see Cenozoic vegetation and organic-walled phytoplankton, of Antarctic Peninsula; SHALDRIL NBP0602A palynological data Plate reconstructions Australia-Antartica reconstruction, 10f Broken Ridge and Kerguelen Plateau, early Eocene, 21 with East Antarctica, 14 15, 18f Euler Poles of rotation for, 13t hot spot activity, during late Eocene, 21 Magnetic Quiet Zone (MQZ), 15 NW-SE extension with East Antarctica, 17 Ocean-Continent boundary, 15 opening of a Cenozoic seaway with Antarctica, 14 plate motions between East Antarctica and, 13 Quiet Zone Boundary (QZB), 15 seafloor spreading between East Antarctica and, 13 Tasmanian Gateway, 21 Pliocene palynological data, from core NBP0602A, diatom biostratigraphy, 188 ecology and assemblage composition, paucity of palynomorphs, geophysical evidence, , 189f penecontemporaneous pollen of opportunistic weedy plants, 190 sample collection and analysis, specimens of Chenopodiaceae and Asteraceae pollens, 188 podocarp conifers, 167, 171f, , 183, 190, 203, 208 Podocarpidites, 178, 203 Podosporites-Trichotomosulcites complex, 178, 203 Polydolopidae, 8 post-eocene icehouse world, 170 Powell Basin, 5, 22, 25, 26f, 27 28, 52, 54 Pre-Pleistocene strata, 2

5 Index 217 Proteaceae, 177, Protector basin, 8 9, 24 Prydz Bay region, 12, 100, Q quartz sand grains, micromorphological investigation of early Pliocene samples from SHALDRIL sites 6C and 5D, 160, Eocene La Meseta Formation in Seymour Island, 155, geologic setting, 154 identification of textural features, 155 late early Pliocene deposits from SHALDRIL sites 6D and 6C, 160, 164 Late Eocene Offshore James Ross Basin, , 163 Late Oligocene Joinville Plateau, , 163 middle Miocene samples, 160, 163 Pleistocene samples from Joinville Plateau, 160, 164 Pleistocene till from piston core NBP PC06, 160, 162 sample collection and analysis, 155 R reconstructed aeromagnetic data, 11 reticulofenestrids, 78, 94, 96, 117 Ross Sea/Weddell Sea connection, 8 S scanning electron microscope, 102, 135, 153, 155 Scotia Ridge, 24 Scotia Sea, sea ice/ice shelf-based drilling projects, 64 sediment provenance Drake Passage, using U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology, 42 45, 43f, 44f overview, 42 sedimentology, 132, 180 seismic stratigraphy, 2, 133 Seymour Island, 128, 141 polydolopid mammals, 8 Shackleton Fracture Zone Ridge (SFZR), 23, 27 SHALDRIL (shallow drilling), concept of, 2 SHALDRIL II Cruise NBP0602A, 65 age interpretations for Eocene Oligocene cores recovered, 72 73, 73f calcareous nannofossil assessment, diatoms, abundance determination, drilling materials and methods, Hole NBP0602A-12A age interpretations, interpretations, Hole NBP0602A-3C age interpretations, 96 interpretations, Holes NBP0602A-5C and NBP0602A-5D interpretations, Holes NBP0602A-6C and NBP0602A-6D interpretations, qualitative abundance assessment of nannofossil taxa (Table A3), 72, 76t 77t sediments of Eocene age, 65f, 66t strontium-isotope age assessment, 72 SHALDRIL NBP0602A palynological data Miocene samples, Oligocene samples, Pliocene samples, SHALDRIL program, of Joinville Plateau and James Ross basin comparison of grain size distribution, 146, 146f early Pliocene sediments from Hole NBP0602A- 5D, , 140f Eocene deposits recovered from Hole NBP0602A-3C, 137, 143 Hole NBP0602A-12A sample sediment from the Joinville Plateau, , 137f, 145 late Eocene sediments of James Ross Basin, 138, 143 lithologic units of middle Miocene portion of Hole NBP0602A-5D, MSCL logs for Hole NBP0602A-6C, 140f, 141 Quaternary deposits from early Pliocene of Hole NBP0602A-5D, , 139f sample collection and analysis, sedimentary facies of, 142f SHALDRIL Shipboard Scientific Party, 134

6 218 INDEX SHALDRIL paleomagnetic results, 118, 118f electric resistivity and magnetic susceptibility data, 121 FORC diagrams of samples, 124, 126f hysteresis properties and first-order reversal curves (FORC) of selected samples, , 120f hysteretic curves and back-field analysis on selected samples, 123, 124f natural remanences (NRM) vs laboratoryinduced remanences data, , 119f thermomagnetic diagrams of samples, 123, 125f Shallow Drilling project (SHALDRIL), 64 siliceous microfossil fragmentation, 71 snowball Earth event, 179 Sørsdal Formation, 100 South America, South Georgia, South Sandwich Arc (SSA), 7 South Shetland Islands, 41, 65, 141 South Tasman Rise (STR), 9 continental fragments, 12f, 13 South Tasman Saddle, 9, Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (SACCF), 6 Southern Ocean diatom zonal schemes, 71 gateways, opening of, 5 strontium isotope dating, 72, 81 82, 87, 95, 96, 97 Subantarctic Front (SAF), 6 7 T Tasman-Australian fracture zone, 11f Tasmania, reconstruction of, 10f Tasmanian Gateway, 6, 9, 21 22, 87 taxa, list, tectonics, 3, 8, 27, 37, 41 42, 46, 55 movement associated with separation of Joinville Plateau and the South Orkney Plateau, 58 reconstruction of, 116 thermal isolation of Antarctica, 9, 36 thermochronology apatite (AFT) fission track thermochronometers, 37 cooling ages and interpolated time-temperature (t-t) paths, 39f high-temperature thermochronometers, 37 low-temperature thermochronometers, 37 (U-Th-Sm)/He, 38, 42 zircon (ZFT) fission track thermochronometers, 37 Triassic age population, 45 Trinity Peninsula Series, 178 U 238 U fission, 37 (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology, 38, 42 U.S. Antarctic Program (USAP), 2 U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), 2 V vegetation and organic-walled phytoplankton, of Antarctic Peninsula, see Cenozoic vegetation and organic-walled phytoplankton, of Antarctic Peninsula W Weddell Gyre, contourite drift morphology, 51, 54, 58, , , 154, 163 Weddell Sea side of Antarctic Peninsula, study of magnetic properties of cores ages of sampled sediment, electric resistivity and magnetic susceptibility data, 121 hysteresis properties and first-order reversal curves (FORC) of selected samples, , 120f hysteretic curves and back-field analysis on selected samples, lowfield magnetic susceptibility, 123, 125f magnetic intensity, 128 mineral magnetic parameters and their demagnetization for core NBP C, 121f, 122 natural remanences (NRM) and laboratoryinduced remanences data, , 119f presence of magnetite and titanomagnetite, sample collection, stratigraphic variation in magnetic properties for NBP A, 123, 123f Wilkes Land Basin region, Wilkes Subglacial Basin of East Antarctica, 9 X X-ray diffraction sample processing and analyses, 134