PLATEAU UPLIFT, EPEIROGENEY AND CLIMATE CHANGES The KALAHARI PLATEAU, a world class laboratory
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1 PLATEAU UPLIFT, EPEIROGENEY AND CLIMATE CHANGES The KALAHARI PLATEAU, a world class laboratory F. Guillocheau M. De Wit G. Dubois B. Linol F. Eckardt W. Cotterill D. Rouby C. Robin Géosciences-Rennes Université de Rennes 1 AEON University of Cape Town
2 ATLAS / TELL HOGGAR TIBESTI UWEINAT RED SEA DOMING AIR MAN / LEO DARFUR HIGH CAMEROON LINE EAST AFRICAN RIFTS High wavelength relief (x1000 km) Kinematics of erosion Cause of uplift: mantle dynamics? SOUTH-AFRICAN (KALAHARI) PLATEAU
3 GLACIATION My flooded by the sea at My
4 FIRST STEP OF PRESENT-DAY RELIEF My Artinskian My Paroxysm: 250 My Permian-Triassic boundary
5 FIRST STEP OF PRESENT-DAY RELIEF My Artinskian UPLIFT from 270 to at least 215 My Southern African Plateau I My Paroxysm: 250 My Permian-Triassic boundary
6 KALAHARI PLATEAU UPLIFT PASSIVE MARGINS RECORD Cretaceous Uplifts Aknowledgements : South African Petroleum Agency J. Virljoen D. Van der Spuy
7 OFFSHORE ACCUMULATION vs. ONSHORE DENUDATION CAPE BASINS (Tinker et al., 2008a)
8 FIELD MAPPING - MAPUTALAND Ante-Barremian paleorelief Turonian truncation (fluvial) of the basement Coniacian incision
9 SOUTH AFRICAN PHANEROZOIC BASINS STRIKE-SLIP PASSIVE MARGIN
10 DURBAN BASIN - Seismic stratigraphy
11 DURBAN BASIN: Deep-sea fans due to major relative sea-level falls 95 My Uplift: m 80 My
12 THE UPPER CRETACEOUS UPLIFT OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN PLATEAU TWO STEPS OF UPLIFT: 95 Ma - 80 Ma 80 Ma Ma
13 KALAHARI PLATEAU UPLIFT MAPPING PLANATION SURFACES Oligocene - Present-day evolution
14 KAOLINITE DISTRIBUTION MAP LATERITES OCCURED AFTER THE GREAT ESCARPMENT RETREAT Kaolinite Great Escarpment
15 (data from Tardy, 1995)
16 DATING PALEOWEATHERINGS CRYPTOMELANE PISOLITES 39 K- 40 K BURKINA-FASO (Colin et al., 2005)
17 KAOLINITE DISTRIBUTION MAP LATERITES OCCURED AFTER THE GREAT ESCARPMENT RETREAT Kaolinite Great Escarpment
18 SOUTH GRAHAMSTOWN: an incised planation surface (Birbury Surface)
19 EOCENE SHALLOW MARINE LIMESTONES Birbury type-section
20 CHARACTERIZATION OF A MARINE PLANATION SURFACE
21 CHARACTERIZATION OF A MARINE PLANATION SURFACE
22 CHARACTERIZATION OF A MARINE PLANATION SURFACE
23 BIRBURY MARINE SURFACE : PRESENT-DAY ELEVATION PALAEO-CLIFF (km)
24 BIRBURY MARINE SURFACE : PRESENT-DAY ELEVATION EOCENE SEA-LEVEL m POST-EOCENE UPLIFT AMPLITUDE m m (km)
25 BIRBURY MARINE SURFACE : PRESENT-DAY ELEVATION EOCENE SEA-LEVEL m POST-EOCENE UPLIFT AMPLITUDE m m UPLIFT Hingeline SUBSIDENCE (km)
26 KALAHARI PLATEAU UPLIFT KALAHARI DESERT INFILLING
27 KALAHARI SANDS INTRACONTINENTAL BASIN (data from Haddon & McCarthy, 2005)
28 NW BOTSWANA DRILLINGS
29 NW BOTSWANA DRILLINGS
30 KALAHARI PLATEAU UPLIFT TIMING OF UPLIFT
31 TIMING OF THE KALAHARI PLATEAU UPLIFT My Glaciation Marine flooding over the Kalahari ( My) ~ 250 My Uplift I Cape Fold Belt ( My) My Uplift II Atlantic and Indian Oceans opening My Uplift III - paroxysm My Uplift IV - eastern part of the Plateau
32 DENUDATION RATE THROUGH TIME 16-0 My 1-3 m/my 1mm per millenium My m/my 1mm per century My m/my 1-2mm per decade
33 PERSPECTIVES DATING THE BASE OF THE KALAHARI «BASIN» INFILLING DATING THE PALAEOWEATHERINGS SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT OF THE UPLIFT HIGH RESOLUTION SEDIMENTATION BUDGET : ONSHORE - OFFSHORE PALAEOTOPOGRAPHY AT TIME OF KAROO FLOOD BASALT MODELLING THE EROSION : PHYSICAL vs. CHEMICAL
34
35 TIMING OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN PLATEAU UPLIFT? KALAHARI Great Escarpment
36 THE GREAT ESCARPMENT OF SOUTH AFRICA (Ollier, 1988)
37 DATA KWAZULU - MAPUTALAND MARGIN : OFFSHORE STUDIES KWAZULU MAPUTALAND DURBAN (THEKWINI)
38 DURBAN (THEKWINI) BASIN LITHOLOGY Well-logs Masterlog (reinterpreted from outcrops) BIOSTRATIGRAPHY McMillan (SAPetroleum) NO CLAYS SILTS to VERY FINE SANDS Dolerites Dolerites
39 DURBAN (THEKWINI) BASIN SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMNENTS Well-logs facies based on outcrop studies Mouth Bars Delta front Shelf Prodelta Fluvial? Shelf Prodelta FLUVIAL-DOMINATED DELTA Mouth Bars Bays Deltaic Plain (Lignite?)
40 DURBAN (THEKWINI) BASIN SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY
41 DURBAN (THEKWINI) BASIN: Wells correlation CAMPANIAN CONIACIAN LATE CENOMANIAN APTIAN Basement BARREMIAN Basement
42 DURBAN (THEKWINI) BASIN SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY UPLIFT SOUTH AFRICAN PLATEAU Tectonic Eustatic? AFRICA-SCALE
43 KWAZULU-MAPUTALAND BASIN North Durban Maputo South
44 TOP CENOMANIAN UNCONCONFORMITY INCISED CHANNELS BASIN FLOOR FANS
45 TOP CENOMANIAN UNCONCONFORMITY INCISED CHANNELS BASIN FLOOR FANS
46 TOP CENOMANIAN UNCONCONFORMITY INFILLING PROXIMAL LOBES
47 UPPERMOST CRETACEOUS: MAINLY HEMIPELAGITES SMALL CHANNELS DEBRIS FLOWS or SMALL LOBES
48 KWAZULU-MAPUTALAND BASIN North Durban Maputo South
49
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