Unit 5 Possible Test Questions Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras HISTORICAL GEOLOGY

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1 Revised 8/16 Unit 5 Possible Test Questions Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras HISTORICAL GEOLOGY Mesozoic Era Eons, Eras and Periods 1. List the Mesozoic periods in order (oldest to youngest). End of the Paleozoic Eon 2. What was the fate of the glaciers on Pangaea before the beginning of the Mesozoic? 3. Which two landmasses or continents made up Pangaea? Stage 1 Breakup of Pangaea 4. What type or classification of a tectonic event caused the opening of the North Atlantic? 5. What type of rocks form the Palisades of Hudson River (New York)? Western Laurasia and the Sonoma Orogeny 6. Where was Texas located on the globe during the Triassic? 7. Define an orogeny. Triassic Red beds 8. What type of environment is associated with the red beds? 9. Where do we find some classic examples of red beds in Texas? Dinosaur Characteristics 10. How did the dinosaurs walk (position of their legs) as compared to reptiles? Dinosaur Name 11. Can you name some marine dinosaurs and flying dinosaurs and why? (thinking question) Some Triassic Animals 12. What would be a unique aspect of the Lystrosaurs, as far as their numbers can be described? 13. What was a Morganucodon and what is its importance? Reptiles in the Sky - Pterosaurs 14 What was a pterosaur? Triassic Extinction 15. What possibly caused the Triassic extinction? Stage 2 Breakup of Pangaea 16. Which geological period did the Gulf of Mexico first been open for sea water and salt evaporation? Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone 17. Describe the depositional environment of the Navajo Formation. Nevada Orogeny and the Sundance Sea and Morrison Formation 18. What is the name of the Jurassic sea that covered a large part of North America? 1

2 19. What makes the Morrison Formation so famous? Warm Blooded or Cold Blooded 20. What is the difference between endothermic and ectothermic animals? Evidence that Dinosaurs Were Warm Blooded 21. Describe predatory/prey ratios that suggest dinosaurs were warm blooded. Birds 22. From what dinosaur did birds probably evolve? IMPORTANT TO KNOW Archaeopteryx 23. Describe some general characteristics of archaeopteryx (i. e. a bird with teeth). Jurassic Sauropods 24. What is the general classification name for the largest land animals of all times? Jurassic Theropods 25. What was the name of the largest Jurassic carnivore? Jurassic Swimming Reptiles 26. Describe a unique characteristic of an ichthyosaur. End of the Jurassic Period 27. Which major group of dinosaurs died out at the end of the Jurassic Period? Sevier Orogeny 29. Which major geologic event marked the Sevier orogeny? Cordilleran Orogeny 29. Define cordilleran. 30. Which three orogenies make up the Cordilleran Orogeny? The Glen Rose Formation 31. What evidence is there to demonstrate that dinosaurs lived in Texas? 32. Within which Texas state park do we find abundant dinosaur footprints? The Edwards Formation 33. Why is the Edwards formation important to South Texas? The Eagle Ford Shale Formation 34. What is the importance of the Eagle Ford shale to Texas? The Austin Chalk Formation 35. What is the importance of the Austin Chalk to Texas?? Multituberculate Mammals 36. What classification of mammals were the Cretaceous Multituberculate 2

3 Flying Reptiles Pterosaurs and Quetzalcoatlus 37. Describe some unique height characteristic of Quetzalcoatlus. Marine Reptiles Plesiosaurs 38. Which marine Cretaceous species had necks that were 30 feet long Marine Reptiles Mosasaurs 39. What length did the snake-like Mosasaurs achieve? Marine Invertebrates 40. What type of animal is Exogyra ponderosa? Plants 41. What type of plants evolved toward the end of the Mesozoic? Dinosaurs in Texas :Texas State Dinosaur 42. What is the name of the state dinosaur for Texas? Dinosaurs Sometimes Found in Texas 43. Which dinosaur was the largest land carnivore of all times? End of the Mesozoic 44. What event brought the end of the Mesozoic? Cenozoic Era Cenozoic Era Components 45. During which era were the present day landforms of the Western US created? Subduction and the Laramide Orogeny 46. Describe the probable position of the western North American subducted oceanic plate during the Laramide Orogeny. Cretaceous Paleocene Seas 47. Which sea remained in the Wyoming area during the Paleocene? Coal 48. How much coal reserves does the US have? Proteria (Mammals) 49. Describe a characteristic of a Monotreme, and name an example. Metatheria (Mammals) 50. Give an example of a North American marsupial. 51. Where do we find most of the marsupials today and why there? Animals of the Paleocene 52. Which animal was the chief land predator in the Paleocene? 3

4 The Paleocene Thermal Maximum 53. Describe what happened to temperatures at the end of the Paleocene. The Eocene Epoch 54. Name a famous Texas Eocene formation for oil and gas. Green River Formation 55. Describe the types of fossils associated with the Green River Formation. 56. Describe the value of the oil shale of the Green River Formation. Eocene Life 57. Near which Texas city have been discovered fossil primate bones? 58. Describe the feet of the largest land mammal carnivore of all times Oligocene Epoch 59. During which epoch would West Texas volcanoes spew uranium-rich ash over south Texas? Oligocene Life 60. What was the name of the largest land mammal that ever walked on the Earth? Basin and Range Province 61.Which state does the Basin and Range Province dominate?. Colorado Plateau (Four - Corners Area) 62. Describe the geology of the Colorado Plateau. Miocene Igneous Activity 63. Describe the Cenozoic igneous activity of the Columbia River area (i. e. what caused it). Miocene Life 64. What was the name of the largest shark that ever lived? Pliocene Life and Land Bridges 65. What were the principle mammal types that evolved in South America before the land bridge? Panama Land Bridge 66. What effect on animal life did the Panamanian Central America land bridge have on South America? Some Pliocene Life 67. What was a Smilodon? 68. What was a glyptodont? Pleistocene Life 69. Which are the largest animals to ever live on Earth? 70. Which epochs did megafauna live in the Corpus Christi area? The Holocene or Recent Epoch 71. What epoch do we live in now? And finally: 72. Name all seven of the Cenozoic epochs in order from oldest to youngest. 4

5 LIST OF WEEKLY QUIZZES Open Notes and Open Book Weekly Quiz 8 (Unit 5) Page 579 A) By the end of the Permian, Pangaea covered one-fourth of Earth s surface and was surrounded by an ocean named the Ocean Page 590 B) Geologists estimate that more than different-sized terrains have been added to the western margin of North America during the last 200 million years. Page 587, Figure C) The number of named Jurassic and Cretaceous batholiths in Idaho is Page 588, Figure D) The trees or logs that became petrified in the Chinle were buried years ago Page 596, Table E) A stegosaurus belongs to the group Open Notes and Open Book Weekly Quiz 9 (Unit 5) Page 592 A) There was a major increase in abundance and diversity of during the Mesozoic, compared to the Paleozoic. Page 592 B) The country has been a separate landmass since the Mesozoic and is populated by animals found now where else. Page 589 C) The Formation contains the world s richest assemblage of Jurassic dinosaur remains. Page 583 D) As North America separated from South America, the began to form. Page 594 E) Dinosaurs lived only during the. Open Notes and Open Book Weekly Quiz 10 (Unit 5) Page 614 A. The Cenozoic Era represents % of all geologic time. Page 644 and page 645 Figure B. Australopithecines is a collect term for species of hominid primates) Page 636 C. Mammals that weigh less than 1 kg (2.2 lbs) constitute about % of all mammal species. Page D) The only volcano known for sure to erupt in the 1900s in California was Page 631 E) Which country leads in the production of diatomite? 5

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