16. TRIPYLEAN RADIOLARIANS FROM THE SUBANTARCTIC ATLANTIC 1. Hsin Yi Ling 2

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Ciesielski, P. F., Kristoffersen, Y., et al., 1991 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 114 16.

1 Ciesielski, P. F., Kristoffersen, Y., et al., 1991 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol TRIPYLEAN RADIOLARIANS FROM THE SUBANTARCTIC ATLANTIC 1 Hsin Yi Ling 2 ABSTRACT The occurrence of tripylean radiolarians is reported for the first time from subsurface sediments of the subantarctic Atlantic Ocean. Although their occurrence is rare as well as sporadic, seven species belonging to four genera are recognized from Upper Cenozoic sediments drilled at Sites 699, 700, and 701 of ODP Leg 114 in INTRODUCTION Tripylean radiolarians were observed in low abundance and sporadic occurrence in sediments drilled at three sites in the subantarctic Atlantic Ocean during Leg 114 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) in March-May 1987 (Fig. 1 and Table 1). Haecker (1906) was the first to report the occurrence of this group of radiolarians in this part of the world, and Reshetnjak (1965) and Morley and Stepien (1985) discussed their distribution. These analyses, however, were based on plankton samples. Therefore, the purpose of the present paper is to record for the first time the presence of tripylean radiolarians from the subsurface sediments of the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic. It should be noted here that Reshetnjaks's (1965, 1971) reports from the northern Ross Sea are the only documentation for their occurrence within sediments of the Southern Oceans (see the following discussion). METHODS Sediment samples (about 10 cm 3 ) were disaggregated and a part of the fractions both coarser and finer than 63 µm were prepared using Canada balsam as the mounting medium. Photomicrographs were recorded with a Zeiss photomicroscope, and locations for the illustrated specimens are recorded with an England Finder in a manner similar to previous radiolarian investigations (e.g., Ling, 1973). All slides examined in this study are located in the Micropaleontology Collection, Department of Geology, Northern Illinois University. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Tripylean radiolarians observed in the analysis of sediments from the subantarctic Atlantic are illustrated in Plate 1, and their occurrences are listed in Table 2. As indicated previously, this report constitutes the first such record from the Atlantic sector. Comparison of the faunal assemblage with that of the Pacific sector in surface sediments from the northern Ross Sea by Reshetnjak (1965, 1971) is summarized in Table 3. Although the similarity of two assemblages is evident, there are some minor differences between the two sectors. Furthermore, the present finding of tripylean radiolarians in sediments is significant, because until now, their pre- documentation had been limited only to the of the northwestern Pacific (Ling, 1973), the Sea of Japan (Ling, 1975), and the Norwegian-Greenland Sea (Björk- 1 Ciesielski, P. F., Kristoffersen, Y., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 114: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program). 2 Department of Geology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL lund 1976, 1984; Eocene section-petrushevskaya and Reshetnjak, 1980). TAXONOMY Radiolarian taxa are listed in alphabetical order on the generic level. Euphysetta elegans Borgert (PI. 1, Figs. 1-6) Euphysetta elegans Borgert, 1902, p. 569, fig. F; Borgert, 1903, p. 749; Borgert, 1906, p. 154, pi. 11, figs. 7-9; Haecker, 1908, p. 307, pi. 53, figs. 435, 438; Reshetnjak, 1966, pp , fig. 117; Reshetnjak, 1969, p. 134, fig. 1; Reshetnjak, 1971, p. 344, fig. 24.3; Dumitricá, 1973, p. 756, pi. 5, fig. 8, pi. 6, figs. 1-3, pi. 12, fig. 8; Takahashi and Honjo, 1981, p. 156, pi. 12, figs. 4, 5; Morley and Stepien, 1985, pi. 1, fig. 4. IChallengeron edwardsi Certes, 1880, p. 37, pi. 5, fig. 2 (fide Haecker, 1908). Remarks. As in the case of Protocystis thomsoni (Murray) (see discussion in Ling, 1966), Haecker (1908) recognized two varieties within this species based on the outline: a "large, circular variety" (fig. 435) and "smaller, oval variety" (fig. 438). Although there is not much difference in size, two such varieties were also observed in the present study. Lyrella melo (Cleve) (PI. 1, Figs. 7 and 8) Cadium marinum Wallich, 1869, partim, p. 109, pi. 3, fig. 6 (only). Cadium marinum var. c, Certes, 1889 (fide Borgert, 1901). Beroetta melo Cleve, 1899, p. 27, tab. 1, fig. 8. Cadium melo (Cleve) Borgert, 1901, p. 50, fig. 58; Borgert, 1910, p. 401, pi. 30, figs. 3-5; Schroder, 1913, pp , text fig. 10 (also for all the previous synonymy); Stadum and Ling, 1969, p. 484, pi. 1, figs. 6-8; Reshetnjak, 1969, p. 138, fig. 12; Reshetnjak, 1971, p. 344, fig ; Dumitricá, 1973, p. 755, pi. 7, figs. 3, 4 (not pi. 12, fig. 9); Björklund, 1976, p. 1124, pi. 12, figs. 14, 15. Lirella melo (Cleve) Ling, 1973, p. 782, pi. 2, fig. 16; Takahashi and Honjo, 1981, p. 157, pi. 12, figs. 13, 14, 16. Remarks. Within the present taxon, the number of meridional ridges varies (compare PI. 1, Figs. 7 and 8). There are numerous shallow depressions in the space between the ridges, as shown in a scanning electron photomicrograph by Takahashi and Honjo (1981, pi. 12, fig. 16). Lirellasp. (PI. 1, Figs. 9-12) Cadium melo Dumitricá, 1973, partim, p. 755, pi. 12, fig. 9 (only). Remarks. This appears to be a new form characterized by slightly curved (thus showing a diagonal to oral-aboral axis), fewer, but broad, bandlike ridges on the surface instead of the narrow, straight ridges of the preceding L. melo. Based on the outline, two dhterent forms possibly are included within the present taxon; forms with broad oral and aboral ends and those with both ends narrow and thus a spindle overall shape but such differentiation awaits further analysis. Superficially, these forms resemble L. tortuosa (Takahashi, 1981, p. 302, pi. 55, figs. 19, 20, pi. 56, figs. 9-11) recovered from a sediment 311

H. Y. LING 40 S 50' SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN V..rf <704 ^ / *703 60' 70 W 60 Figure 1. Index map of the subantarctic South Atlantic Ocean showing the location of Leg 114 sites.

2 H. Y. LING 40 S 50' SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN V..rf <704 ^ / *703 60' 70 W 60 Figure 1. Index map of the subantarctic South Atlantic Ocean showing the location of Leg 114 sites. Tripylean radiolarians were observed at underlined sites. Table 1. Location of ODP Leg 114 sites where tripylean radiolarians were observed. Site Longitude (W) ' ' ' Latitude (S) ' ' ' Water depth (m) trap sample at a depth of 4280 m near Hawaii ( l'n, 'W), but differ from it by the smooth overall outline and the nature of the twisted striation. Porospathis holostoma (Cleve) (PI. 1, Figs ) Polypetta holostoma Cleve, 1899, pi. 3, figs. 4a, 4b. Porospathis holostoma (Cleve), Borgert, 1901, p. 48, figs. 58, 58a; Borgert, 1903, p. 752; Haecker, 1908, pp , pi. 48, figs , pi. 49, figs. 392, 393; Borgert,. 1910, p. 387, pi. 29, figs. 1-8, pi. 30, figs. 1, 2; Schroder, 1913, p. 166, text fig. 9; Reshetnjak, 1966, p. 166,fig.52; Stadum and Ling, 1969, p. 485, pi. 1, figs ; Reshetnjak, 1969, p. 134, fig. 8; Reshetnjak, 1971, p. 344, pi. 24.7; Dumitricà, 1973, pp , pi. 5, figs. 1,2,6,; Björklund, 1976, p. 1124, pi. 12, figs. 12,13. Protocystis micropelecus Haecker (PI. 1, Figs. 16 and 17) Protocystis micropelecus Haecker, 1906, pp. 298, pi. 11, fig. 5; Haecker, 1908, p. 272, pi. 50,fig.403; Reshetnjak, 1965,fig.8; Morley and Stepien, 1985, pi. 1,fig. 3. Remarks. In both of Haeker's (1906, 1908) illustrations from the Antarctic, there are very small spines at the margin of the shell except for the oral and peristom areas. However, such spines were not observed in either Morley and Stepien's (1985) specimen from the Weddell Sea or that from this study of subantarctic Atlantic sediments. Furthermore, Reshetnjak's (1969, p. 134,fig. 3; 1971, p. 344, fig. 24.5) illustrated specimen from the Pacific sector possesses a different shape with a concave oral side margin instead of convex, as illustrated here. Protocystis sp. (PI. 1, Fig. 18) Remarks. Similar to the proceeding species except that there are two strong spines at both ends of aboral margin. Protocystis swirei (Murray) (PI. 1, Figs. 19, 20) Challengeria swirei Murray, 1885, p. 226, tab. A,fig.11. Challengeron swirei (Murray), Haeckel, 1887, p. 1654; Morley and Stepien, 1985, pi. 1,fig.2. Protocystis swirei (Murray), Haecker, 1908, pp. 263, 264, pi. 49, figs. 384, 386, 390, 391; Schroder, 1913, p. 176, 293, fig. 11,fig.2; Reshetnjak, 1965, fig. 6; Reshetnjak, 1969, p. 134, figs. 4, 5; Reshetnjak, 1971, p. 344, figs. 24.6a-24.6c. Remarks. Haecker (1908, p. 263) indicated that the present species is probably conspecific with Challengeronpearceyi Haeckel (1887, p. 1654, pi. 99,fig.7), but the latter has "three divergent triangular or lanceolate teeth." There is some resemblance between the present taxon and Norwegian specimens reported as Challengeron (?) sp. by Björklund (1976, pi. 13, figs only), but according to the original description by Haecker (1906), genus Challengeron possess a variable number of marginal spines. Therefore, specimens illustrated by Björklund (1976) and Morley and Stepien (1985) are transferred to the present genus. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to acknowledge two anonymous reviewers, who kindly provided helpful suggestions toward the improvement of the manuscript, and Ms. Shihping Lin for her photomicrographic work. Financial support from ODP/NSF for participation on the cruise as well as post-cruise investigation is gratefully acknowledged. REFERENCES Björklund, K. R., Radiolaria from the Norwegian Sea, Leg 38 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. In Talwani, M., Udintsev, G., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 38: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), , Eyphysetta (Phaeodaria, Radiolaria) in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea sediments (distribution in space and time). In Scarlato, O. A., Poljansky, G. I., Zhamoida, A. I., Golikov, A. N., Kasinsova, L. I., Kruglikova, S. B., and Lukina, T. G. (Eds.), Morphology, Ecology and Evolution of Radiolarians: Leningrad (Zool. Inst. Acad. Sci.), Borgert, A., Die nordischen Tripyleen-Arten. In Brandt, K., and Apstein, C. (Eds.), Nordisches Plankton, 15:

TRIPYLEAN RADIOLARIANS FROM THE SUBANTARCTIC ATLANTIC, 1902. Mittheilungen über die Tripyleen-Ausbeute der Plankton-Expedition. I. Neue Medusettidae, Circoporidae und Tuscaroridae. Zool. Jahrb.

3 TRIPYLEAN RADIOLARIANS FROM THE SUBANTARCTIC ATLANTIC, Mittheilungen über die Tripyleen-Ausbeute der Plankton-Expedition. I. Neue Medusettidae, Circoporidae und Tuscaroridae. Zool. Jahrb., 16: , Mitteilungen uber die Tripyleen-Ausbeute der Plankton-Expedition. II. Die Tripyleenarten aus den Schliessnetzfangen. Zool. Jahrb., 19: _, Die tripyleen Radiolarien der Plankton-Expedition: Medusettidae. Ergeb. Plankton-Exped., 3: , Idem: Porosphathidae und Cadiidae. Ergeb. Plankton-Exped., 3: Cleve, P. T., Plankton collected by the Swedish expedition to Spitzbergen in Kongl. Sven. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 32(3): Dumitricà, P., Phaeodarian Radiolaria in southwest Pacific sediments cored during Leg 21 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. In Burns, R. E., Andrews, J. E., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 21: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), Haeckel, E., Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool., 8: Haecker, V., Zur kenntnis der Challengeriden: Vierte Mitteilung über die Trypyleen-Ausbeute der deutsche Tiefsee-Expedition. Arch. Protistenkd., 7: , Tiefsee Radiolarien. Spezieller Teil. L. 1. Aulacanthidae-Concharidae. Dtsch. Tiefsee-Exped., Wiss. Ergeb., 14: Ling, H. Y., The radiolarian Protocystis thomsoni (Murray) in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Micropaleontology, 12: , Radiolaria: Leg 19 of the Deep Sea Drilling Project. In Creager, J. S., Scholl, D. W., et al., Init. Repts. DSDP, 19: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), , Radiolaria: Leg 31 Init. Repts. DSDP, 31: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), Morley, J. J., and Stepien, J. C, Antarctic Radiolaria in late winter/early spring Weddell Sea waters. Micropaleontology, 31: Murray, J., Narrative of the cruise of H.M.S. Challenger, the Radiolaria. In Tizard, T. H., Moseley, H. N., Buchanan, J. Y., and Murray, J. (Eds.), Narrative of the Cruise of H.M.S. Challenger with a General Account of the Scientific Results of the Expedition. Rept. Voy. Challenger, Narrative, 1: Petrushevskaya, M. G., and Reshetnjak, V. V., An occurrence of the oldest radiolarians Phaeodaria. In Scarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Exploration of the Fauna of the Seas, On the Progress in Taxonomy of Marine Invertebrates. Zool. Inst. Acad. Sci., 25(33)8-11. Reshetnjak, V. V., Phaeodarian Radiolaria of Antarctic water. Zool. Inst. Acad. Sci., 35:67-77., Deep-sea phaeodarian Radiolaria of the Northwest Pacific. Zool. Inst. Acad. Sci., 94:1-208., Radiolarians of the order Phaeodaria in Recent bottom sediments and in ancient sediments. Lvovskoe Geol. Obshchestvo, Lvovskogo Univ., , Occurrence of phaeodarian Radiolaria in Recent sediments and Tertiary deposits. In Funnell, B. M., and Riedel, W. R. (Eds.), The Micropaleontology of Oceans: Cambridge (Cambridge Univ. Press), Schroder, O., Die tripyleen Radiolarien (Phaeodarien). Dtsch. Sudpolar-Exped., , 14(Zool. 6): Stadum, C. J., and Ling, H. Y., Tripyleen Radiolaria in deep-sea sediments of the Norwegian Sea. Micropaleontology, 15: Takahashi, K., Vertical flux, ecology and dissolution of Radiolaria in tropical oceans: implications for the silica cycle [Ph.D. dissert.]. Woods Hole Ocean. Inst. Takahashi, K., and Honjo, S., Vertical flux of Radiolaria: a taxon-quantitative sediment trap study from the western tropical Atlantic. Micropaleontology, 27: Wallich, G. C, On some undescribed testaceous rhizopods from the North Atlantic deposits. Monthly Microsc, J., 1: Date of initial receipt: 6 April 1989 Date of acceptance: 28 November 1989 Ms 114B-142 APPENDIX Examined Samples Barren of Tripylean Radiolarians (interval in cm) A- 1H-5, 48-50; ; 2H-1, 50-52; 2H-2, 50-52; 2H-4, 50-52; 2H-CC; 3H-2, 50-52; 3H-4, 57-59; 3H-CC; 4H-2, 70-72; 4H-CC; 5H-2, 50-52; 5H-CC; 6H-1, 25-27; 6H-2, 52-54; 6H-6, A- 2H-CC A- 1H-2, 40-42; ; 2H-4, 49-51; 2H-CC; 4H B- 1H-2, 50-52; 1H-4, 50-52; 2H-2, 64-66; 2H-CC; 3H-2, 50-52; 3H-4, 50-52; 4H-2, 50-52; 4H-4, 50-52; 4H-6, 50-52; 5H-2, 50-52; 5H-4, 50-52; 5H-6, 50-52; 5H-CC; 6H-2, 49-51; 6H-CC; 7H-2, 50-52; 7H-4, 50-52; 7H-CC; 8H-2, 50-52; 8H-4, 50-52; 8H-6, 50-52; 8H-CC; 9H-2, 33-35; 9H-3, 33-35; 9H-4, 33-35; 9H-6, 33-35; 9H-CC; 10H-1, 40-42; 10H-CC C- 1H-1, 12-14; 2H-CC; 3H-CC; 4H-5, ; 4H- CC; 5H-CC; 6H-CC; 8H-3, 15-17; 8H-CC; 9H-2, 50-52; 9H-4, 50-52; 9H-CC; 10H-3, 50-52; 10H-5, 50-52; 10H-CC; 11H-6, 40-42; 1 313

4 H. Y. LING Table 2. Distribution of tripylean radiolarians from Leg 114. Table 3. Comparison of tripylean radiolarian assemblages from sediments from the Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the Antarctic Ocean. Taxa Pacific sector (Reshetnjak, 1965, 1971) Atlantic sector (Ling, this paper) Miocene Core, section, interval (cm) Taxa A- 1H-1, H-2, H-4, H-CC I1*3 Euphysetta elegans Lirella marinum (= Cadium marinum) Lirella melo (= Cadium melo) Lirella sp. Porospathis holostoma Protocystis bisuspis Protocystis micropelectus Protocystis swirei Protocystis sp A A- 1H-4, H-3, H-4, H-4, Miocene B- 1H-6, 3-5 2H-4, H-CC 4H-CC 6H-4, H-5, R C- 7H-1, H-3, H-5, H-CC 8H-2, H-4, H-6, H-7, UH-4, Note: Taxa abundance: = single specimen; R (rare) = 2-5 specimens; F (few) = 6-10 specimens. 314

5 TRIPYLEAN RADIOLARIANS FROM THE SUBANTARCTIC ATLANTIC Plate 1. Magnification 250 unless indicated otherwise. 1 and 2. Euphysetta elegans. Sample A-1H-2, cm, R-l (F20/1), circular outline form. 3. Euphysetta elegans. Sample C-11H-4,40-42 cm, R-l (C9/1). 4. Euphysetta elegans. Sample A-1H-2, cm, R-l (M7/1). 5 and 6. Euphysetta elegans. Sample B-, R-l (M10/0), oval outline form. 7. Lirella melo. Sample B-4H-CC, R-l (R8/4), Lirella melo. Sample C-7H-5, cm, R-2 (R30/1), and 10. Lirella sp. Sample U4-701B-3H-CC, R-l (M15/2), and 12. Lirella sp. Sample A-1H-1, cm, R-3 (K10/0), and 14. Porospathis holostoma. Sample B-1H-6, 3-5 cm, R-l (P3/4). 15. Porospathis holostoma. Sample C-8H-6, cm, R-l (S17/0). 16 and 17. Protocystis micropelecus. Sample A-6H-CC, R-l (L32/4), Protocystis sp. Sample C-7H-1, cm, R-l (N20/3), and 20. Protocystis swirei. Sample C-7H-CC, R-l (W23/2). 315

12. ARCHAEOMONADS AS EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE GUIDE FOSSILS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS

12. ARCHAEOMONADS AS EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE GUIDE FOSSILS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS . ARCHAEOMONADS AS EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE GUIDE FOSSILS IN MARINE SEDIMENTS Andrew M. Gombos, Jr., Antarctic Research Facility, Department of Geology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida INTRODUCTION