GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 8
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1 UNDERSTANDING EARTH, SIXTH EDITION GROTZINGER JORDAN GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 8 Clocks in Rocks Timing the Geologic Record 2010 W.H. Freeman and Company
2 Stratigraphy and fossils Figure 8.4 (page 172) Go to next slide to begin
3 Sedimentation in lake or sea
4 Sediments are deposited in horizontal layers and slowly change into rock. Sedimentation in lake or sea
5 Younger Older
6 Younger Older If left undisturbed, the youngest layers remain above the oldest.
7 Stratigraphy and fossils Key Figure 8.5 (page 173) Go to next slide to begin
8 Outcrop A Outcrop B I II II III
9 Outcrop A Outcrop B I II II III
10 Outcrop A Outcrop B I II II III
11 Some of the fossils found in outcrop A are the same as fossils found in outcrop B, some distance away. Outcrop A Outcrop B I II II III
12 Some of the fossils found in outcrop A are the same as fossils found in outcrop B, some distance away. Outcrop A Outcrop B I II Layers with the same fossils are the same age. II III
13 Some of the fossils found in outcrop A are the same as fossils found in outcrop B, some distance away. Outcrop A Outcrop B I II Layers with the same fossils are the same age. II III
14 Stratigraphic succession Younger rocks I II Older rocks III A composite of the two outcrops.
15 Original Horizontality The principles of Original Horizontality and Superposition allow for dates to be determined. A. Absolute B. Numeric C. Relative D. Radiogenic
16 Original Horizontality The principles of Original Horizontality and Superposition allow for dates to be determined. A. Absolute B. Numeric C. Relative D. Radiogenic
17 Original Horizontality In an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks where do the oldest rock strata occur? A. At the top of the sequence B. At the bottom of the sequence C. It depends on the depositional environment
18 Original Horizontality In an undisturbed sequence of sedimentary rocks where do the oldest rock strata occur? A. At the top of the sequence B. At the bottom of the sequence C. It depends on the depositional environment
19 Sedimentary bedding True or False: Sediments can remain unlithified for millions of years before becoming lithified sedimentary rocks. A. True B. False
20 Sedimentary bedding True or False: Sediments can remain unlithified for millions of years before becoming lithified sedimentary rocks. A. True B. False
21 Sedimentary bedding What kind of unconformity occurs between two horizontal sedimentary beds? A. A disconformity B. A nonconformity C. An angular unconformity
22 Sedimentary bedding What kind of unconformity occurs between two horizontal sedimentary beds? A. A disconformity B. A nonconformity C. An angular unconformity
23 Transgression/Regression When sea-levels fall, the sedimentary record of depositions along the coast records this change, which is described as: A. a transgression B. a turbidity current C. global warming D. a regression
24 Transgression/Regression When sea-levels fall, the sedimentary record of depositions along the coast records this change, which is described as: A. a transgression B. a turbidity current C. global warming D. a regression
25 Transgression/Regression When a transgression is observed in the sedimentary record, it is interpreted from a shift to off-shore marine facies as a result of: A. decreasing global temperatures B. sea-level rise C. subduction D. sea-level fall
26 Transgression/Regression When a transgression is observed in the sedimentary record, it is interpreted from a shift to off-shore marine facies as a result of: A. decreasing global temperatures B. sea-level rise C. subduction D. sea-level fall
27 Transgression/Regression While hiking in the Grand Canyon of northern Arizona, you stop and observe an outcrop that exposes three different sedimentary rock types. On the bottom is a layer of shale, which is overlain by a layer of limestone, which is in turn overlain by a layer of sandstone. This stratigraphy sequence indicates that a or a in sea-level occurred in this location in the past. A. transgression; fall B. transgression; rise C. regression; fall D. regression; rise
28 Transgression/Regression While hiking in the Grand Canyon of northern Arizona, you stop and observe an outcrop that exposes three different sedimentary rock types. On the bottom is a layer of shale, which is overlain by a layer of limestone, which is in turn overlain by a layer of sandstone. This stratigraphy sequence indicates that a or a in sea-level occurred in this location in the past. A. transgression; fall B. transgression; rise C. regression; fall D. regression; rise
29 Transgression/Regression What trend would you expect to find in sediments accumulating in any single location along the coast during a sea-level rise? A. the sediment size should decrease as you look up-section B. the sediment should become better sorted as you look upsection C. the sediment should become more rounded as you look up-section D. all of these E. none of these
30 Transgression/Regression What trend would you expect to find in sediments accumulating in any single location along the coast during a sea-level rise? A. the sediment size should decrease as you look up-section B. the sediment should become better sorted as you look upsection C. the sediment should become more rounded as you look up-section D. all of these E. none of these
31 Transgression/Regression Changes in global sea-levels are most often caused by shifts in climate. For example, a transgression would be caused by an increase in the melting rate of polar ice caps, which is in turn driven by: A. a reduced greenhouse effect B. an increase in atmospheric dust C. an increase in global temperatures D. a reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide
32 Transgression/Regression Changes in global sea-levels are most often caused by shifts in climate. For example, a transgression would be caused by an increase in the melting rate of polar ice caps, which is in turn driven by: A. a reduced greenhouse effect B. an increase in atmospheric dust C. an increase in global temperatures D. a reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide
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