2016 EOG Vocabulary Cards Grading Rubric

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1 2016 EOG Vocabulary Cards Grading Rubric Each card = 2 points 150 cards = 300 points Points from vocabulary cards are formal grades. These cards will be worth 60% of overall Q4 grade. All cards are due by Tuesday, 24 May! Any cards submitted after this date will incur a 5-point deduction. EARTH HISTORY (25) Erosion Physical weathering Chemical weathering Rock cycle Igneous Intrusion Sedimentary Metamorphic Transform Divergent Subduction Law of superposition Absolute dating Relative dating Radioactive dating Index fossil Ice core Fault Continental drift Trace fossil Geologic time scale Precambrian era Paleozoic era Mesozoic era Cenozoic era DEFINITION Movement of rock, soil, and sediment due to water flow and wind Changes to rocks due to pressure, temperature, water, ice, and wind Changes to rocks due to chemical reactions Process in which heat, pressure, and erosion changes the properties of rocks Rock formed from cooled lava or magma Formation of igneous rock below the earth s surface, becomes the youngest layer Rock formed from sediments due to pressure Rock formed due to extreme heat and pressure Region where two tectonic plates slide past each other, earthquakes occur at this boundary Region where two tectonic plates move away from each other, causes seafloor spreading and volcanos Region where two tectonic plates move toward each other and one slides underneath the other, forms a trench and volcanos The oldest rock layers on the bottom and the youngest rock layers are on the top The true and specific age of a rock or fossil in years The age of a rock is given in comparison to other rocks A method used to determine the absolute age of a rock based on how much of a particular radioactive element is present Fossils of organisms that lived during a very specific time that are used to determine the relative age of rock layers A sample from an ice sheet, contains information about atmospheric gases and environmental changes A crack in the earth s crust caused by tectonic plate movements The gradual movement of continents across the earth s surface over geologic time A fossil of a footprint, trail, or other trace of an animal Organizes and shows major evolutionary events over time on earth 1 st era of time formation or atmosphere and oceans, very simple life forms like bacteria 2 nd era of time small insects, fish and reptiles 3 rd era Dinosaurs, small mammals and birds, flowering plants 4 th era Increased diversity of life including humans ENERGY (12) Nonrenewable energy DEFINITION A source of energy that is used much faster than it can be replaced.

2 Fossil fuels Nuclear energy Renewable energy Hydroelectric energy Solar energy Wind energy Biomass energy Geothermal energy Conservation Advantage Disadvantage A non-renewable source of energy that formed from the remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago. A non-renewable source of energy that forms when breaking apart uranium atom. A source of energy that can be replaced as it is used or cannot be used up. A renewable source of energy that uses moving water. A renewable source of energy that comes from the sun, captured using solar panels. A renewable source of energy that comes moving air. A renewable source of energy which any material from living things can be used as energy. A renewable energy source that uses heat from within the earth The careful use and management of natural resources A positive, something that is beneficial A negative, something that is not beneficial ECOLOGY (28) Biotic factor Abiotic factor Population Community Ecosystem Biodiversity Habitat Niche Terrestrial Aquatic and Marine Food chain Food web Producer, autotroph Consumer, heterotroph Decomposer Trophic levels Predation Competition Cooperation A living part of an ecosystem DEFINTION A nonliving part of an ecosystem A group of organisms of the same species living in the same ecosystem All the populations of organisms in an ecosystem All the living and nonliving parts of an environment as well as the interactions among them A great variety of living organisms within an ecosystem The place where an organism lives An organism s role or job within its environment An ecosystem on land An ecosystem in water, marine is an ecosystem in saltwater A series of organisms in which each feeds on the one at the next lower trophic level, unidirectional movement of energy A network of interconnect food chains, multidirectional movement of energy An organism that makes its own food An organism that does not make its own food, requires energy from other organisms An organisms that gets energy by breaking down dead organisms and the wastes of living things A feeding level in an ecosystem A relationship in which one animal hunts, kills, and eats another An interaction that occurs when organisms try to get the same resources A way organisms interact that helps each other Mutualism A symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit (, ) Commensalism A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other neither benefits or is harmed (, - -) Parasitism A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed (, ) Omnivore An organism that gets energy from both plants and other organisms Carnivore Herbivore An organism that gets its energy from only eating other organisms An organism that gets its energy from only eating plants and plant products

3 HYDROLOGY (25) DEFINITION Hydrosphere All the waters found on, above, and under Earth s surface Cohesion The ability of water molecules to stick to other water molecules Adhesion The ability of water molecules to stick to other surfaces Capillary action The upward movement of water by adhesion to surfaces, such as a plant stem Buoyancy The ability of an object to float in water, the object s density (mass/volume) must be less than 1 g/ml Water cycle Processes in which water moves within the hydrosphere through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation Transpiration Evaporation of water from plants Aquifer A source of freshwater found underground River basin An area of land that drains into a stream, river, lake, and eventually the ocean Freshwater Type of water found in lakes, rivers, aquifers, and polar ice caps Saltwater Type of water found in oceans Surface zone Top layer of oceans. Lots of biodiversity because of access to sunlight Transition zone Middle layer of oceans. Deep zone Bottom layer of oceans. Organisms must adapt to extreme conditions high salinity, high pressure, cold temperatures, no access to sunlight Salinity Describes the amount of dissolved salt in a water sample Upwelling The movement of cold, nutrient-rich waters from the deep layers of the ocean up to the surface Marine resources Examples: Fish and other seafoods, oil and gas, minerals (iron, copper, gold), allows for shipping Estuary A place where freshwater from a river meets and mixes with saltwater from the ocean ph A measure of how acidic (1-6) or basic (8-14) a liquid is, neutral = 7 Dissolved oxygen Amount of oxygen in water, indicates health of water and its ability to support an aquatic ecosystem Turbidity The measure of how clear a liquid is Bioindicator A living organism whose health is determined by the health of its ecosystem Eutrophication Process in which fertilizers and other nitrates pollute a water source, causes algal blooms Water quality Several indicators that determine the health conditions of a water sample Point-source pollution Pollution that comes from a single source Nonpoint-source Pollution that comes from many places, ex. runoff and acid rain pollution EPA Stands for environmental protection agency, regulates water standards Contaminants Unwanted materials in the natural environment PATHOGENS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (15) Pathogen Microbiology Biotechnology Antibiotic Direct contact Transmission DEFINTION A biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host The study of organisms that can only be seen using a microscope The use and manipulation of living organisms to solve problems and make useful products A treatment that can kill bacteria, fungi, and parasites An infected person touches or exchanges bodily fluids with another (ex. droplet or airborne) The spread of pathogens

4 CDC and WHO Fungi Indirect contact Epidemic Bacteria Parasites Virus Pandemic Vaccine Organizations that monitor disease outbreaks in the United States and worldwide Multicellular organisms that must enter a host through cuts or body openings (ex. ringworm, athlete s foot) Pathogens are spread through vectors like food, water, animals, soil, or contaminated objects An outbreak of disease that affects many people in one area Unicellular organism that must get nutrients from their environment to survive (ex. E.coli, strep, staph, bubonic plague) Organisms that are parasitic to its host, frequently spread through contaminated food or water (ex. malaria, tapeworm) A non-living pathogen that requires a host for survival and reproduction (ex. influenza, chicken pox, ebola) An outbreak of a disease that spreads across countries and throughout the world A preventative shot that builds up the body s defense before exposure to a virus EVOLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH (20) Chromosome Theory of Evolution Evidence of evolution Genetic variation Behavioral adaptation Structural adaptation Analogous and homologous structures Common ancestor Taxonomy Natural selection, survival of the fittest Unicellular Multicellular Prokaryote Eukaryote Glucose DEFINTION A chunk of DNA that codes for specific physical traits. The change in the inherited traits of a population of organisms from one generation to the next. Fossils show similar features, embryological structures show similar development amongst organisms, and DNA is the strongest evidence to support relatedness. Organisms with more variation within traits are more likely to adapt to changing environments The actions that animals do to survive, ex. bird calling and migration Adaptions to physical features of an animal, ex. bird beaks and fur on bear A structure that has a similar appearance and function but the organisms are unrelated (bat wing and mosquito wing). A structure that may not look the same, but the organisms share a common ancestor (femur bone in humans, dogs, and ostriches) A relative from which two or more species evolved The science of classifying organisms. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (Did King Phillip come over for good spaghetti?) The process where favorable inherited traits become most common in a population, results in the most adaptive organisms An organism composed of one cell An organism composed of many cells A simple organism whose cells do not have a nucleus to hold genetic material, ex. bacteria A more complex organism whose cells have a nucleus to hold genetic material, ex. fungi, parasites, human and animal cells A macromolecule that is used for energy within cells

5 Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Metabolism Digestive and respiratory system Circulatory system The process in which plants make their own food using sunlight 6CO 2 +6H 2O C 6H 12O 6 + 6O 2 The process in which organisms use oxygen to breakdown food to get chemical energy for cell work C 6H 12O 6 + 6O 2 6H 2O + 6CO 2 + energy The process of turning food into energy in humans and animals Physically and chemically breaks down food, and brings in oxygen for cellular respiration and removes carbon dioxide Carries glucose and oxygen to cells while carrying away carbon dioxide CHEMISTRY (25)

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