FINAL EXAM Crustal Deformation CONVERGE DIVERGENT PLATES MANTLE PLUMES FLUX BASALTIC GRANITIC
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1 Crustal Deformation Reading: Chapter 10 Pages Review Questions 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20 FINAL EXAM NOON TO 2 PM, TUESDAY DEC. 5 HERE: Natural Science 101 BRING A SCAN TRON TURN IN YOUR REVIEW QUESTIONS BEFORE THE TEST, PICK UP WHEN YOU ARE DONE WITH THE TEST IF YOU WANT YOUR RESULTS, ME AND REQUEST YOUR GRADE Plate Tectonic Settings and Magma The type of magma generated in different plate tectonic settings is different DIVERGENT PLATES and MANTLE PLUMES produce magma by partial melting of mantle material due to pressure release This magma is BASALTIC (mafic) in chemical composition, and the resulting volcanism has distinct characteristics. Plate Tectonic Settings and Magma Where plates CONVERGE, water is driven off the subducting plate, and added to the overlying lithosphere This water acts as a FLUX to reduce the melting temperature, and cause hot solid rock to melt without a change in temperature The lithosphere here is continental (granitic) in character, and the magma generated is GRANITIC (felsic) in chemical composition. Ductile and brittle deformation Isoclinal folds 1
2 folds Mountain of folds Names of fold types syncline Tight v folds Monocline 2
3 San Rafael Swell monocline Recumbent anticline Plunging fold geometry Plunging fold outcrop pattern Plunging anticline Sheep mtn: doubly plunging anicline 3
4 Geologic map of the US Valley and Ridge Province Black hills dome Drawing of Black Hills Michigan Basin Small normal fault graben 4
5 Normal fault formation Normal fault Small normal fault Normal faults Basin and Range Province Basin and range faulting 5
6 Detachment faulting Complex normal faulting East Humboldt Range Horst Owens Valley graben scarp Reverse fault formation 6
7 Reverse fault Thrust fault formation small thrust fault Strike-slip fault formation San Andreas Fault System Tectonics of western North America 7
8 Strike slip fault Offset stream San Andreas Fault stream offset San Francisco offset San Andreas Fault orchard offset Joint set in flat-lying sandstone 8
9 Single joint set Joints at Moab Bryce Canyon, Utah Exfoliation jointing Exfoliation dome 9
10 Exfoliation joint formation Columnar joints Columnar tops Mt. Everest Andes Mountains Alps
11 Aleutians from space Aleutians--oblique with permission of author tom bigley Taken on the STS-56 shuttle mission, in April Image number: STS Aleutian type mountain building Ring of Fire Crustal thickening Andes 11
12 Andes Southern South America Passive margin Convergent margin Crustal thickening 12
13 Stages of orogenesis Alpine Himalayan orogeny Subduction of Tethys Seaway Himalaya topography India-Asia collision Topography of the world
14 Hokkaido, Japan Ancestral Atlantic closing Suture of Africa to North America Madagascar Western North America Submerged oceanic plateaus Accreted terranes 14
15 Extension of Western North America Detached sinking oceanic lithosphere Grand Tetons North American mountain belts isostasy Isostasy principle 15
16 Crustal subsidence due to mountain building Unloading by erosion allows isostatic rebound Deposited sediments locally loads margin Extreme uplift due to compression Ductile spreading after uplift 16
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