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1 BRITISH NEWFOUNDLAND EXPLORATION LIMITED GEOLOGICAL, PROSPECTING, AND DRILLING REPORT MARINI NO. 1 AND NO. 2 GROUPS OF MINERAL CLAIMS By: Michael G. Williams and Mohan Ramalingaswamy Mines a~,! ;.f+i7:ci!?? K C ~ O ~ ~ Ci B L. '" i -. >" A W L. c43""c*z NO ,... i ix*:8du.ti- i EUZt:,P...*.,...,,,... L i 1! BRINEX DOCUMENT NO. G74504 Claim Owner: Bernard J. Marini Vancouver, B. C., FIELD PERIOD: July 9 to September 12, 1974 REPORT PERIOD: October 14 to December 18, 1974

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION PROPERTY LOCATION AND ACCESS PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF EXPLORATION GEOLOGICAL MAPPING 1. Mapping Controls 2. Survey Procedures 3. Survey Results a) Stratigraphy b) Structure PROSPECTING 1. Survey Procedure 2. Survey Results DIAMOND DRILLING CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES APPENDICES: AND RECOMMENDATIONS 9 11 I I1 DRILL LOG M-74-1 ITEMIZEDMANDAYS OF WORK I11 DIAMOND DRILLING COSTS IV V CONSOLIDATED DECLARATION OF COSTS DIAMOND DRILLING CONTRACT

3 ILLUSTRATIONS: Page #I Fig. 1 Index Map After 1 #kjfig. 2 Claim Location Map After 2 #3Fig. 3 Geology Map - Marini Option Area 1" = 1000' Back Pocket *4-~i~. 4 Geology Map - Marini No. 1 Group 1" = 400' Back Pocket #5 Fig. 5 Geology Map - Marini NO. 2 Group 1" = 400' Back Pocket -+ $Fig. 6 Interpretive Geological Sect ions Back Pocket

4 INTRODUCTION This report describes the geological mapping, prospecting and diamond drilling carried out during the 1974 field season on the Marini No. 1 and No. 2 claim groups near Lady Laurier Lake in the Liard Minind Division. The area is about 15 miles south of Robb Lake. The exploration programme was conducted by British Newfoundland Exploration Limited under the terms of a joint venture agreement with Metallgesellschaft Canada Ltd. The Index Map (Fig. 1) shows the location of all plans with respect to the claim groups and to the geographic co-ordinates. The principals involved in the programme are: Dr. Neil Westoll, Manager - Western Exploration British Newfoundland Exploration Limited West Hastings Street, Vancouver, B.C. V6B 1P2 Dr. Dieter Muller, Metallgesellschaft Canada Ltd Frankfurt (Main) 1 Post Box 37 24, Reuterweg 14, West Germany Mr. Mohan Ramalingaswamy, c/o Department of Geology, University of Washington Seattle, Washington Mr. Michael G. Williams, Regional Geologist, British Newfoundland Exploration Limited West Hastings Street, Vancouver, B.C. V6B 1P2

5 Figure I. INDEX MAP - MARIN I OPTION SCALE: I : 50,000 MAP No. G MAP REF: 94 B/12E DRAWN BY: M. G.W. LIARD M. D. DATE: Dee. 1974

6 PROPERTY LOCATION AND ACCESS This report concerns 59 located mineral claims owned by Bernard Marini and partners, Vancouver, B.C., and optioned from them by Brinex. These claims are divided into two groups, Marini No. 1 Group (38 claims) and Marini No. 2 Group (21 claims) as shown on the claim map (Fig. 2). The Marini No. 1 group lies immediately northeast, and the Marini No. 2 group lies about 3 miles southwest of Lady Laurier Lake in the Liard Mining Division. The area is in the centre of the Rocky Mountain crest, 110 miles north of Mackenzie, B. C. near the headwaters of the Graham River. It is accessible by float-equipped fixed-wing aircraft which can land on Lady Laurier Lake, and by a horsetrail which leads to the area from Christina Falls ranch, 26 miles to the southeast. The topography is youthful and rugged, with elevations varying between 4,000' and 7,000'. Traversing on foot is not difficult, but on the higher ridges it is most effectively carried out with helicopter support. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF EXPLORATION Field exploration in 1972 and 1973 on these claim groups (West011 and Sullivan, 1972; Pearson, 1973) established the presence of weak zinc, lead and silver geochemical anomalies in an area underlain by a succession of Palaeozoic sediments and carbonates with features characteristic of the host rocks of knwn lead-zinc ore deposits.

7 I Figure 2 CLAIM LOCATION MAP I SCALE: I" = 4500' DRAWN BY; B.D.P. MAP REF: 94 B/12E. TRACED BY: M.G.W. MAP No CHECKED BY: M.G.W.

8 The 1974 field programme was designed to follow-up the previous work by doing detailed geological mapping, systematic prospecting using a zinc oxide test solution, and a limited amount of diamond drilling using a lightweight Winkie drill. The geological mapping was carried out at a scale of 1" = 400' by M. Ramalingaswamy, and is described by him in the following section. Prospecting was carried out by Jim Winslaw and Nils Hagglund under the direction of the senior author. Only one drill hole was completed on the property before an early storm brought an end to the field season in September. Exploration was carried out on the Marini claims with helicopter support from a field base camp at Lady Laurier Lake. This work was done in conjunction with work on other claim groups in the Robb Lake Area, and support costs have been apportioned fairly among the various projects. This has allowed work to be carried out on the Marini claims more economically than would otherwise have been possible. GEOLOGICAL MAPPING 1. map pin^ Controls The mapping was carried out by plotting observations on acetate overlays on existing aerial photographs. Data were later transferred onto topographic maps at scales of 1" = 1000' (Fig. 3) and 1" = 400' (Figs. 4, 5). 2. Survey Procedures The mapping was carried out on foot concentrating on lithological and textural variations in bedrock, using Dickie's and Katayama's geological

9 maps as base maps (Pearson, 1973). Revisions were made in their results where necessary. Rock exposure is about 50 to 70 percent. Bedding attitudes were plotted where found. Where no outcrops are present, lithology and structure is inferred from talus and by projection along strike from exposed areas. Sections were drawn normal to strike. A total of six days were spent mapping in the area. 3. Survey Results a) Stratigraphy The stratigraphy in the area was described in detail by Dickie (West011 and Sullivan, 1972) and by Pearson (1973). Their terminology was used as the basis for this year's mapping. Revi- sions were incorporated where necessary. Silurian The oldest rocks in the claim area, belonging to the Nonda Formation, are of Silurian age. They consist of well-bedded dark banded fossili- ferous cherty dolomites, sandstones and quartzites. This sequence is very well exposed on Marini No. 1 group and on the northwestern side of Reef Mountain on Marini No. 2 group. It occurs in a series of imbricate thrust slices in the former area and in the core of the northwestward plunging anticline in the latter area. Lower Devonian The Lower Devonian section is represented in the area by the Stone

10 Formation. It consists of light grey dolomites, sandy and fossiliferous in places. Katayama describes a sharp facies change and considerable variations in thickness within the Stone Formation but the author feels that the facies change is gradual from a more sandy facies a few miles to the southeast to an almost sand-free facies on the southeastern side of Reef Mountain. The porosity and recrystallization increases dramatically on Reef Mountain, West of Reef Mountain, on the west side of a major north-south trending cross fault, the Stone Formation is substantially thinner. Here the exposed Stone Formation consists of well-bedded light grey dolomite interbedded with calcareous shales and sandstones and is overlain by a thick sequence of calcareous shales. The latter shales may be a facies equivalent of the upper Stone Formation on the west side of Reef Mountain, as they do not occur on the east side of the fault. Middle Devonian The rocks of this age are represented by the Dunedin Formation. It consists of dark grey dolomite, fossiliferous in places and is characterized by strong brecciation and recrystallization. The matrix in the breccia is sparry white dolomite with some secondary quartz. The unit exhibits two stages of brecciation, possibly tectonic brecciation superimposed on the primary sedimentary brecciation, Tectonic brecciated zones seem to occur sporadically across strike. The larger fragments tend to be very angular, and are surrounded by smaller angular fragments. The sedimentary brecciated zones can be traced along bedding planes (collapse

11 breccias?, talus breccias? etc.). The Dunedin Formation is not present in the Marini No. 1 area and is very thin in the Reef Mountain area. Middle Devonian to Mississippian The Besa River Formation is the uppermost unit in the Marini claims area. It consists of very fissile, black, non-calcareous shales. It weathers recessively in marked contrast with other units which are mostly carbonates. Fine-grained pyrite occurs within the shales, which is probably syngenetic or diagenetic. b) Structure Marini No. 1 Area In the area underlying the Marini No. 1 group of claims a number of relatively thin imbricate thrust slices occur. Some of these are conspicuous especially in a section on one of the ridges in the area. The thrust planes are fairly gently dipping, with noticeable deformation in the hanging walls. Furthermore, there is repetition of lithologies across strike. Others were recognized by palaeontological discontinuities by Dickie (1972). All the beds in the area dip to the southwest fairly steeply. Reef Mountain Area (Marini No. 2) A major north-south trending cross-fault has brought different lithologies on either side in structural contact. On the east side of the fault light grey dolomites of the Stone Formation are-

12 exposed. This sequence is sandy in a few places and contains a dark dolomite unit which is conspicuous at the higher parts of Reef Mountain. This unit cannot be traced eastward because of talus cover, but the same unit is again exposed in the creek east of Reef Mountain, and demonstrates the presence of a northeasterly dipping monoclinal sequence. On the western side of the fault,dark banded fossiliferous, cherty dolomites are exposed. These are overlain by thin light grey dolo- mites interbedded with shales and sandstones which in turn are overlain by calcareous shales. Together, these units represent the Devonian section and define an anticline plunging to the northwest. The Devonian section on this side of the fault is notably thinner than that to the southeast. PROSPECTING 1. Survey Procedure Prospecting was carried out by detailed examination of outcrop areas, primarily by breaking rock and by the application of a zinc oxide test solution to oxidized rock surfaces. A major difficulty in prospecting for zinc in the Robb Lake area is the deceptive appearance of sphalerite in the carbonate host rocks. It is frequently pale buff to yellow in colour, and blends into the dolomite matrix on fresh surfaces; on weathered surfaces it is often simply not identifiable. Here the use of the test solution allows recognition of its presence.

13 The solution was developed and supplied by Vangeochem Lab of North Vancouver, B.C., and has proved to be an extremely valuable exploration tool. When the solution is dripped or sprayed onto an oxidized coating which contains over 5% ZnO, the surface turns bright red. Since only a very small zinc sulphide or carbonate content in the rock is sufficient to produce an extensive area of zinc oxide on the weathered surface, use of this technique enables the prospector to concentrate his effort in areas where the reaction occurs. 2. Survey Results One occurrence of sphalerite mineralization was located on the Marini No. 1 group. Disseminated sphalerite occurs in a number of fracture zones cutting across bedded calcareous shales. Because of the nature of the occurrence and the sedimentary environment, it is not considered to be very significant. The depositional environment represented by the section on Reef Mountain on the Marini No. 2 group is much more favourable. However, although the presence of extensive recrystallization and porosity with a gradual facies change is highly significant, no primary sulphides were observed. As was mentioned in the report by Pearson.(l973), finely disseminated hematite and limonite were observed in the vugs and cavities of the highly recrystallized dolomite. Some of this limonite analyzed 1600 ppm zinc. It is possible that primary sulphides may occur down below the surface zone of oxidation and that the limonite and hematite exposed on surface were formed after the primary sulphides had been leached out.

14 DIAMOND DRILLING Drilling was carried out with the light weight two man Winkie drill using IAX drill rods which produce a core diameter of 1 318". Drilling was undertaken to test an anomalous zone on the Marini No. 1 group in an area of little or no outcrop. It had been intended to place a fence of short holes across the zone, but only one hole, M-74-1, was completed before an early snow fall brought field activities to an end. Drill Hole M-74-1 This vertical hole was drilled to a depth of 183 feet. The hole penetrates a monotonous sequence of finely laminated dolomitic shale, or shaly dolomite. The laminae are frequently crenulated, and numerous small scale slip faults, with offsets of less than one inch, are common in places. Pyrite occurs as thin disseminations along fractures and at 44 feet a one foot zone contains approximately 10% pyrite. An assay of this interval gives results of less than 0.01% for copper, lead, and zinc. No valuable sulphides were observed in the drill hole. The drill log is included in this report as Appendix I. The drill core is stored at the camp site at the northwest end of Lady Laurier Lake. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Marini No. 1 Group This area is underlain by calcareous shales and carbonate units lacking the

15 characteristics such as porosity and recrystallization indicative of a favourable environment for Mississippi Valley type lead-zinc mineralization. Further work on these claims should be dependent on encouraging results from further work on the Marini No. 2 group to the south. Marini No. 2 Group The presence of strongly recrystallized and porous dolomite on Reef Mountain, adjacent to a facies change, is a highly significant factor in the search for lead-zinc mineralization. Although no sulphides were observed in this area, their absence could well be explained by the deeply oxidized surface zone. 0 Further work is warranted here. The bedrock below the oxidized zone should be examined by a number of short exploratory drill holes, particularly in those zones where brecciation due to dolornitization is apparent and where nodules of limonitic gossan are present. Respectfully submitted, December 18, 1974 Mohdn Ramalingaswamy

16 REFERENCES Dickie, G.: Devonian and Silurian Rocks between Mount Bertha and Nabesche River, North Eastern B.C., Brinex Report No. G Pearson, B.D.: Geological and Geochemical Report, Marini No. 1 and No. 2 Groups of Mineral Claims, Lady Laurier Lake, Liard Mining Division, B.C., December 14, Brinex Report No. G Westoll, N.D.S. and Sullivan, J.: Geological and Geochemical Report, Lake, Horn and Reef Groups of Mineral Claims, Lake Lady Laurier, Liard M. D., B. C., October 14, Brinex Report No. G i

17 APPENDIX I DRILL LOG Diamond Drill Hole M-74-1

18 HOLE NO. M-74-1 Page I of COORDINATE3: HOLE STARTED: Sepfc~ber 5, l?7+ HOLE COMPLETED: ~ep)e~her 12, 1774 DRILLED BY: MINK INTERNATIONAL HORlZ PROJ.: VERT PROJ.: 183' CORE SIZE: 14X - 1 % " RECOVERY: 95 ~ / o

19 HOLE NO. M PROJECT MARINI OPTION Page 2 of C

20 HOLE NO. M- 74 -I PROJECT M~~rnrl OpT,o~ INCLINATION:~OD. AZIMUTH: COORDINATES: LOQQED BY: F7.R. Page -2 of &

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22 STATEMENT OF QUALIFICATIONS I, V. Mohan Ramalingaswamy, do hereby certify that: 1) I am a geologist residing at 1120 Heywood Street, North Vancouver, B.C. 2) I am a graduate of the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India(B.Sc. Honours, Geological Sciences, 1968) 3) I am presently doing graduate studies in Economic Geology at the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U. S.A. and I expect to obtain an M.Sc. degree in March, ) I was employed by British Newfoundland Exploration Limited to do geological mapping in the Lady Laurier Lake area in northern B. C. during the 1974 field season. I I B V. oha an Ramalingaswamy

23 APPENDIX I1 ITEMIZED MANDAYS OF WORK MARINI GROUPS 1 AND 2 CLAIM GROUP PERSONNEL SALARY W I N 1 NO. 1 W I N 1 NO. 2 ($/DAY) MANDAYS TOTAL MAN DAYS TOTAL WILLIAMS MULLER RAMALINGASWAMY MADER WINSLOW HAGGLUND BRYAN CHATTERJEE PA1 SLEY MERCER McAUGHTRIE Work was carried out between July 9 and September 12, TOTALS APPENDIX I1 I DIAMOND DRILLSNG COSTS (MINI NO. 1 GROUP) IAX CORE $ $1, AX CASING $ lo $100/SHIFT = 1, SHIPPING CHARGES, MATERIALS ETC (PRO RATA) = FOOD AND ACCOMMODATION (DRILL CREW ONLY) $3,011.66

24 APPENDIX IV CONSOLIDATED DECLARATION OF COSTS MARINI NO. 1 AND NO. 2 CLAIM GROUPS CLAIM GROUP EXPENSES MARINI NO. 1 GROUP MARINI NO. 2 GROUP Geological Prospecting Drilling Geological Prospecting SALARIES $ $ $ $ $ FOOD AND ACCOMMODATION DRILLING - - 3, HELICOPTER COSTS , FIXED WING SUPPORT TRAVEL COSTS REPORT PREPARATION TOTALS $1, $ $5, $2, $ TOTAL COST: M I N I NO. 1 GROUP - $7, M I N I NO. 2 GROUP - $3,075.42

25 APPENDIX V DIAMOND DRILLING CONTRACT

26 \ ' CONTRACTORS 81 CONSULTANTS TELEPHONE: (604) CABLE: 'WINKIE". DELTA, B.C., CANADA 4814 DOGWOOD DRIVE DELTA. B.C., CANADA WIS AGREEImn made this 19\C day of March, 1974, BETiJEEN: British Newfoundland Ekplorat ion Ltd. # Vest East ings Street, Vancouver, B. C. (hereinafter referred to as the company) AND : Wink International Exploration Drilling Co., Ltd Dogwood Drive, Delta, B'. C. (hereinafter referred to as the contractor) Whereas the Company requests that the Contractor perform certain surface Winkie diamond drilling located on their, property on Vancouver Island (maskine) Project No. 180; The Contractor will supply one Winkie drill, one driller and one helper, and all drilling equipment including diamond items to drill to a depth of 200 feet, recovering 1-3/8 inch dianeter cores; mininum footage guaranteed, 750 feet. The Company will supply Board and Lodging and all transportation without any charge to the Contractor. Charges for these services shall be at the rate of $7.25 per lineal foot drilled; drilling casing and reaming at the rate of $7.25 per lineal foot;. plus $ per shift per two man crew. These charges to go into effect when drill and crews leave Vancouver for the Company drill site and will be effective until drill crew and drilling equipment return to Vancouver. 4. The Contractor shall be responsible for and will pay promptly all dues and assessnents payable under any Workmen's Compensation Act, or other similar Acts, whether 3rovincial or Dominion, in respect to it employees. The Contractor is also covered with third party liability insurance, legal OAPR EXlNEX VANCOUVER, B. C. SURFACE & UNDERGROUND ALL SIZES WIRE LINE DRILLING - WlNKlE DRILL SPECIALISTS

27 -2- liability for bodily injury to or death of any person or damage to property in the amount of $300, A letter to this effect for proof of same will be mailed to your office, bdbk British Newfoundland Exploration Ltd, Exploration Drilling Ltd,

28 April 10, Fred W. Wink, President, Wink International bploration Drilling Ltd., 4814 Dogwood Drive, Delta, B.C. Dear Mr. Wink: BE: Rinkie Drill Contract. Klaskino Project Herewith please find two executed copies of your Winkie drill cmtractvith us for the Klaskino property on Vancouver Island (Project 180). The agreement is perfectly in order, but I vould like to add tvo clauses to it, one relating to the additional work ve wish to do in Northern B.C. d 0 the other to waste cleanup. I suggest that the follaring clauses be considered as added to the original agreement: A, In addition to the diamond drilling on the Klaskino property, the Contractor ia hereby requested to carry out surface Winkie diamond drilling on the Company86 property near Robb Lake in Kortheastern B.C. The minh footage guaran'teed will be 2,500 feet, and in all respects the provisions of the Klaskino agreement will apply to the additional drilling save as agreed by mutual consent. 8. During the course of the work, the Contractor shall at all times keep the Compauyga premises free frm accumulation of waste material or rubbish, and upon completion of thm work shall remove all toole, scaffoldings, surplue materials and rubbish, and leave the premises in a clean condition. The Contractor shall obsente and comply with all applicable Federal and Provincial lawe, regulation8 and orders relating to preventiond forest flres and sanitation in the bush.

29 Fred W, Wink, April 10, 1974, Page 2, Would you please signify acceptance of these additions to the original agreement by signing and returning to me oae copy of this letter, Thank you for your co-operation. I look forward to a productive srmmer, Yours sincerely, BRITISH NEWFOUNDLAND EXPLORATION LIMITED N. D. S. Wes toll, Hanager - Western Exploration Wink International Exploration Drilling Ltd.

30 I L STATEMENT OF QUALIFICATIONS I, F. Michael G. Williams, of Vancouver, British Columbia, do hereby certify that: 1) I am a geologist residing at Robson Street, Vancouver, B. C. 2) I am a graduate of the University of British Columbia (B.A.Sc. - Geological Engineering) 3) I hold the degree of Master of Science from McGill University, Montreal, P. Q. (Structural Geology, 1966) 4) I have been employed by British Newfoundland Exploration Limited since May 1970 as an exploration geologist with the responsibility of planning and carrying out comprehensive mineral exploration programs principally in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador. 5) I am a member of the Geological Association of Canada and the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. 6) I have applied for Registered Membership with the Association of Professional Engineers of the Province of British Columbia. 7) The work which is the subject of this report was carried out by crews under my supervision. Michael G. Williams, B.A. Sc., M. Sc. Regional Geologist BRITISH NEWFOUNDLAND EXPLORATION LIMITED West Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C.

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