C) D) A) thermosphere mesosphere B) mesosphere stratosphere C) stratosphere troposphere D) troposphere hydrosphere

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1 1. The Earth's actual shape is most correctly described as A) a circle B) a perfect sphere C) an oblate sphere D) an eccentric ellipse 2. The true shape of the Earth is best described as a A) perfect sphere B) perfect ellipse C) slightly oblate sphere D) highly eccentric ellipse 3. Measurements of gravity are greater at the poles than at the Equator. This evidence best supports the inference that Earth has a A) perfectly spherical shape B) slightly oblate shape C) very elliptical orbit D) slightly elliptical orbit 4. A mafic igneous rock is most likely to be relatively A) high in density and dark in color B) high in density and light in color C) low in density and dark in color D) low in density and light in color 5. As depth within the Earth's interior increases, the A) density, temperature, and pressure decrease B) density, temperature, and pressure increase C) density and temperature decrease, but pressure increases D) density decreases, but temperature and pressure increase Base your answers to questions 6 and 7 on table below. The table shows data for a student's collection of rock samples A through I, which are classified into groups X, Y, and Z. For each rock sample, the student recorded mass, volume, density, and a brief description. The density for rock D has been left blank. 6. The approximate density of rock sample D is A) 2.67 g/cm 3 B) 2.75 g/cm 3 C) 3.32 g/cm 3 D) 3.75 g/cm 3 7. The student broke rock G into two pieces. Compared to the density of the original rock, the density of one piece would most likely be A) less B) greater C) the same 8. Which statement about the formation of a rock is best supported by the rock cycle? A) Magma must be weathered before it can change to metamorphic rock. B) Sediment must be compacted and cemented before it can change to sedimentary rock. C) Sedimentary rock must melt before it can change to metamorphic rock. D) Metamorphic rock must melt before it can change to sedimentary rock.

2 9. Which statement is supported by information in the Rock Cycle diagram in the Earth Science Reference Tables? A) Metamorphic rock results directly from melting and crystallization. B) Sedimentary rock can only be formed from igneous rock. C) Igneous rock always results from melting and solidification. D) All sediments turn directly into sedimentary rock. 10. What is the approximate minimum stream velocity needed to move a particle with a diameter of 25.6 centimeters? A) 100 cm/sec B) 150 cm/sec C) 200 cm/sec D) 300 cm/sec 11. Which stream velocity would transport cobbles, but would not transport boulders? A) 50 cm/sec B) 100 cm/sec C) 200 cm/sec D) 400 cm/sec 12. Nearly all the water vapor in the atmosphere is found within the A) mesosphere B) thermosphere C) troposphere D) stratosphere 13. At which interface in the diagram below is the moisture content of the air likely to be highest? 14. In which zone of the atmosphere would a temperature of 85ºC most likely occur? A) troposphere B) stratosphere C) mesosphere D) thermosphere 15. The graph below shows the changes in height of ocean water over the course of 2 days at one Earth location. Which statement concerning these changes is best supported by the graph? A) The changes are cyclic and occur at predictable time intervals. B) The changes are cyclic and occur at the same time every day. C) The changes are noncyclic and occur at sunrise and sunset. D) The changes are noncyclic and may occur at any time. 16. Which graph most likely illustrates a cyclic change? A) B) C) D) A) thermosphere mesosphere B) mesosphere stratosphere C) stratosphere troposphere D) troposphere hydrosphere

3 17. The graph below shows the relative amount of air pollution over a city for a period of several years. Which statement about air pollution over this city is best supported by the graph? A) It is decreasing at a constant rate. B) It is increasing at a constant rate. C) It is a cyclic event. D) It has no pattern. 18. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below. The graph shows temperature data taken at four different depths in the soil at one location on Long Island, New York, for one year. The general yearly pattern shown in the diagram of temperature changes at each depth in the soil is best described as A) a one-way change B) a random change C) an unpredictable change D) a cyclic change

4 19. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows the maximum altitude of the Moon, measured by an observer located at a latitude of 43 N during June in a particular year. The names and appearance of the four major Moon phases are shown at the top of the graph, directly above the date on which the phase occurred. Which terms describe both the changes in the maximum altitude of the Moon and the changes in the Moon s phases over a period of several years? A) cyclic and predictable B) cyclic and unpredictable C) noncyclic and predictable D) noncyclic and unpredictable

5 20. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows changes in the Sun's magnetic activity and changes in the number of sunspots over a period of approximately 100 years. Sunspots are dark, cooler areas within the Sun's photosphere that can be seen from Earth. The graph indicates that years having the greatest number of sunspots occur A) randomly and unpredictably B) precisely at the beginning of each decade C) in a cyclic pattern, repeating approximately every 6 years D) in a cyclic pattern, repeating approximately every 11 years