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1 Name Date Roy G Biv 1. Two geologic surveys of the same area, made 50 years apart, showed that the area had been uplifted 5 centimeters during the interval. If the rate of uplift remains constant, how many years will it take for this area to be uplifted a total of 70 centimeters? years years years years 2. Using a ruler to measure the length of a stick is an example of 1 extending the sense of sight by using an instrument 2 calculating the percent of error by using a proportion 3 measuring the rate of change of the stick by making inferences 4 predicting the length of the stick by guessing 3. The graph below shows the amount of noise pollution caused by factory machinery during a one-week period. 5. Which procedure is an example of classifying observed data? 1 grouping stars by brightness 2 graphing temperature versus time for a particular date 3 photographing the cloud cover for a location throughout 1 week 4 measuring the angle of Polaris from two different locations 6. A student measures the volume of water as 72 milliliters when the true volume is 75 milliliters. Which equation should be used to determine the student's percent deviation? The diagram below is a cross section of an ice-covered lake in New York State during the month of January. Points A, B, C, and D are locations at various levels in the lake. The temperature of the water at location D is 4 C. Which inference is best supported by the graph? 1 The machinery ran 24 hours a day. 2 The machinery was turned off on Saturday and Sunday. 3 The level of pollution remained constant during working hours. 4 The noise volume reached a peak on Friday. 4. A person incorrectly measures the mass of a rock as 346 grams. The actual mass is 326 grams. What is the person's approximate percent deviation (percentage of error)? 1 5.8% 2 6.1% 3 8.2% % Which graph best represents the relationship between location and density of the ice or water? The diameter through the equator of Jupiter is about 143,000 kilometers. What is this distance written in scientific notation (powers of 10)? km km km km Page 1

2 9. A mineral sample is found to have a density of 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter. It is then broken into two pieces, with one piece twice as large as the other. The smaller of the two pieces will have a density of g/cm g/cm g/cm g/cm 3 10.Water has the greatest density at 1 100ºC in the gaseous phase 2 0ºC in the solid phase 3 4ºC in the solid phase 4 4ºC in the liquid phase 11. The diagrams below represent two differently shaped blocks of ice floating in water. Which diagram most accurately shows the blocks of ice as they would actually float in water? The graph below shows the relationship between mass and volume for three samples, A, B, andc, of a given material. What is the density of this material? g/cm g/cm g/cm g/cm Base your answer to the following question on the diagrams below, which represent two different solid, uniform materials cut into cubes A and B. 12. A rock sample has a mass of 16 grams and a volume of 8 cubic centimeters. When the rock is cut in half, what is the volume and density of each piece? 1 8 cm 3 and 0.5 g/cm cm 3 and 1.0 g/cm cm 3 and 2.0 g/cm cm 3 and 4.0 g/cm An empty 250-milliliter beaker has a mass of 60 grams. When 100 milliliters of oil is added to the beaker, the total mass is 140 grams. The density of the oil is approximately What is the mass of cube B? g/ml g/ml 1 9 g 2 27 g 3 3 g 4 81 g g/ml g/ml Page 2

3 16. The sphere was dropped into water in a graduated cylinder as shown below. 19. As shown below, an empty 1,000.-milliliter container has a mass of grams. When filled with a liquid, the container and the liquid have a combined mass of 1,300. grams. What is the volume of the sphere? 1 15 ml 2 25 ml 3 40 ml 4 65 ml 17. The diagram below represents a solid object with a density of 3 grams per cubic centimeter. What is the density of the liquid? g/ml g/ml g/ml g/ml What is the mass of this object? g 2 2 g 3 18 g 4 36 g 18. A black hole is a celestial feature believed to have a mass millions of times the mass of our Sun and a diameter less than the diameter of Earth. An object of such high mass and small volume would have 1 a very low density 2 a very high density 3 an elliptical orbit with the Sun at one focal point 4 an elliptical orbit with Earth at one focal point Page 3

4 Part 2 answer all questions on your answer page. Base your answers to questions 20 and 21 on the data table below, which shows the volume and mass of three different samples, A, B, and C, of the mineral pyrite. 20. On the grid provided on your answer sheet, plot the data (volume and mass) for the three samples of pyrite and connect the points with a line. 21. State the mass of a 10.0-cm 3 sample of pyrite. Go on to the next page

5 Base your answers to questions 22 through 24 on the graph and map below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The average monthly temperatures for Eureka, California, and Omaha, Nebraska, are plotted on the graph. The map indicates the locations of these two cities. 22. Calculate the rate of change in the average monthly temperature for Omaha during the two-month period between October and December, as shown on the graph. 23. Identify the month with the greatest difference in the average temperature between these two cities. 24. Explain why the average temperatures of Eureka and Omaha are considered cyclic.

6 25. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below. Earth's Early Atmosphere Early in Earth's history, the molten outer layers of Earth released gases to form an early atmosphere. Cooling and solidification of that molten surface formed the early lithosphere approximately 4.4 billion years ago. Around 3.3 billion years ago, photosynthetic organisms appeared on Earth and removed large amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which allowed Earth to cool even faster. In addition, they introduced oxygen into Earth's atmosphere, as a by-product of photosynthesis. Much of the first oxygen that was produced reacted with natural Earth elements, such as iron, in the lithosphere and produced new varieties of rocks and minerals. Eventually, photosynthetic organisms produced enough oxygen so that it began to accumulate in Earth's atmosphere. About 450 million years ago, there was enough oxygen in the atmosphere to allow for the development of an ozone layer 30 to 50 kilometers above Earth's surface. This layer was thick enough to protect organisms developing on land from the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. a Complete the pie graph in your answer booklet to show the percent by volume of nitrogen and oxygen gases currently found in Earth's troposphere. Use the Average Chemical Composition Chart on the first page of your ESRT as your source. Label each section of the graph with the name and percentage of the gas. The percentage of other gases is shown. 26. Base your answer on the map and the stream data table below. The map represents a stream flowing into a lake. An arrow shows the direction of streamflow. Points A and B are locations at the edge of the stream. Line AB is a reference line across the stream surface. Line CD is a reference line along the lake bottom from the mouth of the stream into the lake. The data table gives the depth of the water and distance from point A, in feet, along line AB.

7 On the grid on your answer page, construct a profile of the depth of water below line AB, following the directions below. Mark an appropriate numerical scale showing equal intervals on the axis labeled "Depth of Water." The zero (0) on the depth of water axis represents the stream surface. Using the data table, plot with an X the depth of water at each distance from point A to point B. Connect the Xs with a smooth, curved line. Points A and B have already been plotted.

Unit Wun. Version A. 10. The sphere was dropped into water in a graduated cylinder as shown below.

Unit Wun. Version A. 10. The sphere was dropped into water in a graduated cylinder as shown below. Unit Wun 1. In order to make observations, an observer must always use (1) proportions (2) the senses (3) mathematical calculations (4) experiments 2. Using a ruler to measure the length of a stick is