Our Sun. & the Planets. Sun and Planets.notebook. October 18, Our Sun (a quick review) Hydrogen is the main fuel source

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1 Sun and Planets.notebook October 18, 2016 Our Sun Our Sun (a quick review) Average size main sequence star Hydrogen is the main fuel source In about 5 billion years it will become a & the Planets red giant as it swells in diameter Will eventually die as a white dwarf Our Sun (new facts) Makes up about 99.9 percent of the mass of our solar system. Our Sun (new facts) Atmosphere layers: Provides sunlight that powers the Earth Sunspots occasionally observed 11 year cycle Layers: Core: ~ 15 million K It s the power plant of the Sun Nuclear Fusion occurs here Our Sun (new facts) Corona Very large; millions of kilometers thick Electrically charged particles ( Solar Winds ) Coronal Mass Ejections the universe works solar winds.html 1

2 Sun and Planets.notebook October 18, 2016 Our Sun (new facts) Main body of the Sun: ~ 1.5 million km wide ~ 1,000,000 miles Main body + Atmosphere + Corona: ~ 3.5 million km wide ~ 2,200,000 miles The Planets: Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune (Terrestrial Planets) (Jovian Planets) Planet Rotation versus Revolution: Rotation Spinning around a planet s own axis. Most planets rotate from West to East. counterclockwise when looking down on a planet s North Pole. One period of rotation for a planet is another word for. West Coast of U.S. West Coast of U.S. East Coast of U.S. East Coast of U.S. Oct 2 5:02 PM Oct 2 5:02 PM 2

3 Sun and Planets.notebook October 18, 2016 Counterclockwise (when viewed from North Pole) Planet Rotation versus Revolution: Rotation Spinning around a planet s own axis. Most planets rotate from West to East. counterclockwise when looking down on a planet s North Pole. One period of rotation for a planet is another word for. day Oct 2 5:02 PM Planet Rotation versus Revolution: Revolution A planet s orbit around the Sun. All planets revolve around the Sun in a counterclockwise direction when looking down upon the Sun s North Pole. One period of revolution for a planet is another word for. year Terrestrial Planets (the four inner planets ) Larger / Smaller planets of relatively high / low masses with rocky surfaces. "Terra" = Latin for "earth" Terrestrial Planets (the four inner planets ) Larger / Smaller planets of relatively high / low masses with rocky surfaces. Terrestrial Planets (the four inner planets ) Formed mainly from metals because of the high temperatures from the. Sun Metallic elements and compounds require high temperatures to form... 3

4 Sun and Planets.notebook October 18, 2016 Mercury Mercury Very thin atmosphere Planet so small that its gravity is weak and gases allowed to escape into space. (escape velocity is 2 miles/second) (Earth's is 7 miles/second) Greatest temperature range of any other planet ~ 430 ⁰C in the daytime and 170 ⁰C at night F to F Daytime is ~30 "Earth days" long Nightime is ~30 "Earth days" long Venus Earth s twin similar interior composition Very slow backwards rotation Rotates from East to West Known as Retrograde rotation Venus Very thick atmosphere Always a layer of clouds Mostly carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) CO 2 traps heat in the atmosphere and its surface becomes extremely hot (~ 460 ⁰C) Example of the Greenhouse Effect Venus Atmosphere is 90 times greater in pressure than Earth s Instead of ~15 p.s.i -- it's a whopping 1400 p.s.i.! (It will easily CRUSH you) Earth Special Features 70 percent water Atmosphere is: 78 percent Nitrogen 21 percent Oxygen 4

5 Sun and Planets.notebook October 18, 2016 Earth Special Features Ozone layer protects us ultraviolet (UV) from Sun s radiation. Oct 2 5:34 PM Earth Mars Special Features Magnetic field protects us from highly charged particles bursting from the Sun solar winds known as. Red planet due to high concentration of iron oxides Solar system's largest volcano (15 miles high & would cover AZ) "Olympus Mons" Atmosphere is mostly CO2 and very thin ~ 1% of the pressure of Earth s atmosphere Olympus Mons (ter...) Mt. Everest Mauna Kea Sep 30 10:47 AM Sep 30 10:50 AM 5

6 Sun and Planets.notebook October 18, 2016 Mars Mars Red planet due to Surface temperatures warm high concentration of only to around 20 0C iron oxides - 4 0F (~ 1/2 size of Earth) Atmosphere is mostly CO2 and very thin polar ice caps ~ 1% of the pressure of Earth s atmosphere Only 1/10 the mass of Earth "Curiosity" We are very interested in finding liquid water on Mars... "Follow the Water" Were the ingredients for life as we know it available on Mars? curiosity rover life mars video Oct 3 7:10 AM Sep 30 10:30 AM More Evidence of Running Water!!!!! Sep 30 11:53 AM Sep 30 10:30 AM 6

7 Sun and Planets.notebook October 18, 2016 But, what happend to it? Will it also happen to Earth? Sep 30 10:30 AM Jovian Planets (Jupiter like) Sep 12 7:43 PM Jovian Planets Four Gas Giants or outer planets Masses are so great that the force of Larger / Smaller planets of relatively high / low gravity is strong enough to keep masses. gases from escaping into space. ice Contain large quantities of because Therefore, very thick atmospheres of gas. they are located so far from the Sun. Hydrogen Helium ( 75% and 24% ) (escape velocity of Jupiter = 37 miles/second!) Jupiter Jovian Planets Solid cores believed to Largest planet be buried deep in their centers of thick gas. Red Spot believed to be an ongoing storm. 7

8 Sun and Planets.notebook October 18, 2016 Saturn Uranus Only planet that is Axis of rotation is tilted water less dense than 90 degrees from 1 g/cm3 Very noticeable rings of ice and rocks ALL Jovian planets have low densities. Due to the fact they have such LARGE VOLUMES. vertical and it rotates from North to South (when viewed from Earth) Neptune 30 Located AU s from Sun. (over 1,000 Earth's could fit inside Jupiter) Sep 12 7:55 PM Transit of Venus (June 5th, 2012) (over 1,000 Jupiters could fit inside the Sun...how many Earth's?) Sep 12 7:58 PM Sep 12 8:02 PM 8

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