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1 Name: Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer. 1. Which of the following is true? A. Some minerals have no crystal structure. B. Some minerals are liquids. C. Minerals are always solids. D. Minerals rarely form in nature. 2. Minerals are grouped according to their A. volume B. composition C. density D. mass 3. The most common minerals on Earth contain A. oxygen and carbon joined together B. hydrogen and carbon joined together C. silicon and oxygen joined together D. silicon and carbon joined together 4. Which is true of a rock? A. A rock is a type of mineral. B. A rock may contain no minerals. C. A rock is always made of at least one mineral. D. A rock is always made of two or more minerals. 5. Most minerals in Earth's crust are A. silicates B. carbonates C. oxides D. metals Date: Extended Response Answer the following question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 6. Describe how minerals are classified into groups. Use carbonates and silicates as examples. Key Concepts Select the term that best matches each description. A. igneous rock B. lava C. magma D. metamorphic rock E. recrystallization F. rock cycle G. sedimentary rock H. lithosphere 7. forms when molten rock cools and becomes solid 8. forms when pieces of rocks, minerals, and other loose materials get cemented together Unsaved Test, Version: 1 1

2 9. forms when heat, pressure, or both change existing rocks 10. process in which atomic bonds break, causing new minerals to form 11. set of processes by which all rocks change and form 12. molten rock inside Earth 13. molten rock at Earth's surface Extended Response Answer the following question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 14. Rocks can change in many ways. Explain how igneous rock might change into metamorphic rock. Then explain how metamorphic rock might change into igneous rock. Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer. 15. The physical or chemical breakdown of rocks is called A. erosion B. hydration C. crystallizing D. weathering 16. Chemical weathering changes rock through A. physical forces that break rock down B. reactions that change the rock's composition C. abrasion that wears rocks down D. exfoliation that causes flaking 17. Mechanical weathering causes changes in the A. composition of a rock B. size or shape of a rock C. types of minerals in a rock D. types of elements in a rock 18. Plant roots cause mechanical weathering by A. breaking apart a rock B. changing a rock's composition C. wearing down a rock by friction D. causing thin layers to break off 19. Iron-containing minerals in rocks may combine with water and air to create rust. This process is an example of A. chemical weathering B. mechanical weathering C. abrasion D. exfoliation Unsaved Test, Version: 1 2

3 Extended Response Answer the following question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. 20. Explain how the geologic cycle, the rock cycle, and weathering are related. Unsaved Test, Version: 1 3

4 Answer Key 1. C. Minerals are always solids. 2. B. composition 3. C. silicon and oxygen joined together 4. B. A rock may contain no minerals. 5. A. silicates 6. 4 pointsfor a response that correctly describes how minerals are classified and uses carbonates and silicates as examples Sample: Minerals are grouped according to their compositions. Some common elements that make up minerals include oxygen, silicon, and carbon. For example, silicates contain silicon and oxygen joined together. Carbonates contain carbon and oxygen joined together. 3 points:correctly describes how minerals are classified and uses carbonates or silicates as an example 2 points:correctly describes how minerals are classified but does not correctly use carbonates and silicates as examples 1 point:partially describes how minerals are classified 7. A. igneous rock 8. G. sedimentary rock 9. D. metamorphic rock 10. E. recrystallization 11. F. rock cycle 12. C. magma 13. B. lava pointsfor a response that correctly explains the processes that transform both types of rock to the other type Sample: Igneous rock can be changed into metamorphic rock by heat and pressure. Metamorphic rock can be changed into igneous rock by melting and cooling. 3 points:correctly explains a process that transforms one type of rock to the other type and partially explains the other process 2 points:correctly explains a process that transforms one type of rock to the other type 1 point:partially explains a process that transforms one type of rock to the other type 15. D. weathering 16. B. reactions that change the rock's composition 17. B. size or shape of a rock 18. A. breaking apart a rock 19. A. chemical weathering Unsaved Test, Version: 1 4

5 20. 4 points for a response that correctly explains that the relationship among all three processes Sample: The geologic cycle includes all processes that change Earth's features. The rock cycle, which is a set of natural processes by which rocks form, change, break down, and re-form, is a part of the geologic cycle. Weathering is an important process in the rock cycle. 3 points: correctly explains the relationship between two processes 2 points: correctly defines all three processes but does not relate them 1 point: correctly defines two processes but does not relate them Unsaved Test, Version: 1 5

6 Standards Summary CA 6.6.b CA 6.2 Students know different natural energy and material resources, including air, soil, rocks, minerals, petroleum, fresh water, wildlife, and forests, and know how to classify them as renewable or nonrenewable. Topography is reshaped by the weathering of rock and soil and by the transportation and deposition of sediment. As a basis for understanding this concept: Unsaved Test, Version: 1 6