King Fahd University Of Petroleum and Minerals

Transcription

1 King Fahd University Of Petroleum and Minerals Construction Engineering & Management Department Construction Project Management CRP (514) Term (102) Term Paper Report Supervised by: Prof. Baqer M. Al-Ramadan Prepared by : Ibrahim AL-Said ( ) Page 1 of 26

2 Table of Contents Abstract Page 1 I. Introduction 1 II. GIS Application for Maritime Safety 2 i. GIS-3D Graphics (Marine GIS) 2 ii. Required Components for Marine GIS 2 iii. Uses of 3D Graphics Engine for Maritime Safety 2 iv. Integration of AIS 5 III. GIS Application for Ports and Maritime Transport 6 i. Improving Port and Maritime Efficiency by GIS 6 ii. Improving Port Security with GIS 10 iii. Environmental Management with GIS 11 iv. GIS Application for Marine Transport 13 IV. Tracking Vessels with GIS 15 i. Integration of (VTCS) Systems & GIS Systems 15 the Vessels Traffic Control System (VTCS) ii. The search operation is one of the important 16 tactical situation function of the GIS in harbor iii. Trajectories behaviors 19 iv. Global Traffic 22 Conclusion 24 Recommendation 24 References 24 Page 2 of 26

3 Abstract: This paper introduces the important and benefits of using GIS system in the Maritime Industry. Nowadays, with new technology and fast life style, it becomes very important to replace the traditional methods with high tech systems and devices to grow and process data. The GIS system is one of the important tools used in the maritime industry to help in managing & controlling different types of work. The research presented in this paper explain how GIS System help the management of the ports and vessels movement tracking. Also, more applications of GIS to support safety are explored in this paper. I. Introduction Geographic Information System become one of the most important tools in maritime archeology is very important development to replace the traditional methods which are labor intensive and time consuming methods. Also, management team and crew on board vessels could recognize the benefits of using GIS in their specific work as a great tool to gather huge number of information, analyze, visualize and support decision making. The GIS 3D graphics are applied to support maritime safety, it is very well known that safety is the most important issue in maritime archeology since it is without any doubt related to the lives of the crews of ships and boats. Also, growing number of cargo ships that carry hazardous loads become a serious concern with the possible collisions and groundings of sea vessels poise serious threat to the environment, life & health of the people, and animals inhabiting coastal zones. So the disaster and damage caused by major sea collision can be very difficult & costly to deal with since, maritime safety has a huge impact on the world economy, one particular aspect of maritime safety involves the visualization of the situation close to any particular ship, so that appropriate action may be taken as a result, a new type of special GIS software with a sophisticates 3D visualization engine is used. In the maritime archeology, management and decision making is another important issue to support dynamic ports and maritime transport. The daily challenges that port operators are facing require access to detailed, up-to-date information and careful analysis to produce optimal results. GIS can improve port and maritime transport efficiency in addition to improving port security. Also, GIS can increase facility management efficiency with modeling and visualizing port operations. One of the important factors that lead to the collision of Titanic with the ice rock was traditional communication methods used at the time. So, tracing the vessels traffic need to be controlled by sufficient reliable systems. There are many needs of vessels traffic control to decrease the risk of accidents, pirate activities, and terrorist threats. This need lead to development of the new generation of vessel traffic control systems (VTCS), together with the potential of intelligent based Geographic Information System (GIS). Page 3 of 26

4 II. GIS Application for Maritime Safety i. GIS-3D Graphics (Marine GIS) GIS-3D Graphics System is a new type of special GIS software. The development of this graphic system based on kinetic 2 or 3 dimensional data structures, a sophisticated 3D visualization engine and intelligent navigation rules. Also, it is based on graphic object three that manages the spatial relationships between graphics objects. These objects may be drawable like (houses, boat and triangulated services) or non-drawable like (cameras and lights). 3D visualization of chart data is an information decision support tool for reducing vessel navigational risks. ii. Required Components for Marine GIS 1. An appropriate 3D graphics view of the surrounding land- and sea-scape is needed 2. We needed to populate this engine with the terrain, landscape, buildings and ships appropriate to the geographic location. 3. Bathymetry was modelled directly from samples of survey soundings, giving a triangulated terrain model of the sea floor. 4. We needed to create models of specific navigational (ships, buoys and lighthouses). 5. Chart information was obtained from ENC data, and new techniques were needed to view this 2D information in 3D. 6. To provide real-time data of ships a preliminary interface between the Marine GIS and the AIS has been developed by Stroch and Schuldt (2006). iii. Uses of 3D Graphics Engine for Maritime Safety The basic behind visualization of navigational chart was to adapt IHO S-57 standard Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) for 3D visualization, as shown in Fig 1, the selection of particular S-57 data items for display. Page 4 of 26

5 Fig. 1 S-57 data menu and S-57 settings dialogue Figures 2 5 show different features of the Marine GIS Fig. 2 Visualization of safety contour with vertical extension Page 5 of 26

6 Fig. 3 Scene shwoing the terrain, traffic separation scheme, anchorage area, and other S57 features with the result of query; attributes of traffic separation scheme are displayed Fig. 4 Scene in navigational mode. When animation mode is activated, the viewpoint will follow the movement of the ship model. Page 6 of 26

7 Fig. 5 Night scene with navigational lights, safety contour and traffic separation scheme. iv. Integration of AIS The Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) is integrated into the Marine GIS to develop a software which allows real-time tracking & recording of the AIS data. Also, the AIS data can be playback for test and simulation purposes. Fig. 6 AIS tragets on Bristol Channel (ditant white spheres) seen from the observer's point of veiw (the gray sphere in the forefront). The targets sizes are exaggerated as the distance is about 10 NM. Page 7 of 26

8 III. GIS Application for Ports and Maritime Transport i. Improving Port and Maritime Efficiency by GIS GIS provides management solutions to the port operators those are facing challenging increased demands for operational efficiency, effective facility management, comprehensive security and sensitive environmental management. The GIS improved the port and maritime efficiency in the following areas: Infrastructure and Expansion Planning Port Design Environmental Management o Storm Water Management o Environmental Compliance Facility and Utility Management o Asset and Inventory Management o Maintenance/Work Order Management o Utility Operations and Control Property and Lease Management Security Operations Emergency Response and Management o Spill Response and Management o Incident Tracking Port Operations o Real-Time Vehicle and Asset Location o Vessel Routing and Tracking o Berth Occupancy and Assignment o Cargo and Berth Time Calculations o Dangerous Cargo Display Intermodal Management Meteorological Monitoring Water Depth Assessment and Visualization Nautical Charting Public Information o Shipping Channels Location o Restricted Area Awareness Figures 7 to 12 Illustrates different uses of GIS to support ports management and decission making. Page 8 of 26

9 Fig. 7 GIS Helps port track their facilities including the location of hazardous materials Fig. 8 A web-based GIS system enables viewing and distribution of customized waterway shipping maps for Shipping Authority Page 9 of 26

10 Fig. 9 Web-based real estate lease management application to map all the port s property lease and attaches a Microsoft Access database of relevant leasehold information Fig. 10 ESRI GIS Integrated with an enterprise resources planning solution form SAP improves British Waterways management of a 2,000-mile water network and its associated infrastructure. Page 10 of 26

11 Fig. 11 Created by the Department of the Navy s Pacific Fleet, this application uses ArcGIS to map utilities and other infrastructure and integrated facility photo. Fig. 12 Working in partnership with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Services Center, EarthData Solutions developed a prototype decision support tool for improved port operations. Based on ESRI technology and EarthData s SIMmetry system architecture, the prototype offers 2D GIS fully synchronized with 3D thematic mapping, query, analysis capabilities, and analytical modeling. Context-driven queries and data views support specific groups such as environmental, property, and port operations managers and security, marine, and emergency response personnel. Page 11 of 26

12 ii. Improving Port Security with GIS The port security requirements increased after 11 Sept So, close coordination among different agencies, supported by reliable and efficient system as GIS is required. GIS can help by integrating multiple sources of information, displays results on a map or satellite image and delivers the resulting situational awareness on a secure network. The real time security view of the port facility result from GIS capability to combine real time tracking of vessels and port based vehicles with sources like live CCTV cameras increase the need for GIS technology for managing port security. Figures 13 to 14 illustrates uses of GIS technology to support port security Fig. 13 A 3D viewshed created with ESRI GIS technology helps port security managers visualize security coverage and plan the most efficient camera placement for security monitoring. Page 12 of 26

13 Fig 14. Web-based GIS technology to map all critical facilities for incident response. iii. Environmental Management with GIS The oil spill of Deep Water Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico is a clear example to show importance of Environmental Management in Maritime Archeology. The Arc GIS technology can help & support Environmental Management process by: Creating a comprehensive view of hazardous materials location and storage Analyze the potential impact of chemical, oil, gas spills in marine environment Create 3D views of above ground Port facilities or under water features Use both metric data to model channel depth for dredging operational and map underwater obstruction for safer navigation Monitoring and compliance requirement for o Storm water and other potential contaminants o Dredging operations o Wetlands restoration Page 13 of 26

14 Fig. 15 A modeling application uses weather and other data to help understand the potential plume footprint from an industrial facility in the event of a major chemical release. The Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Air Quality Control, Houston, Texas, uses existing enterprise GIS data to run this AIRMAP extension built by Applied Science Associates using ESRI ArcGIS technology. Page 14 of 26

15 Fig. 16 GIS stores locations of impervious surfaces, potential contaminant sources, storm water collection systems, and treatment facilities to help managers monitor flows and plan improvements. iv. GIS Application for Marine Transport The increasing number of shipping & cargo vessel which increased the amount of material and containers loaded, shipped and transferred between sellers and end users, increase te dynamic and huge marine transportation problems and issues. SIS support marine transport by developing the real time web-based technology to visualize the loading and transporting process of the shipped goods. The real-time videos, maps, analytical graphs, aerial photographs and detailed data viewed in the once place help operation managers to control complicated operation issues. Figures 17 to 19 illustrates the use of GIS application to marine transport Page 15 of 26

16 Fig.17 - The Port of Tacoma Intranet Rail Management System integrates near real-time displays of rail car and container information received from Automatic Equipment Identification tags and sensors. The port uses this information for yard management and rail consist management. Images courtesy of Integral GIS and the Port of Tacoma. Fig.18 Page 16 of 26

17 Fig. 19 IV. Tracking Vessels with GIS i. Integration of (VTCS) Systems & GIS Systems the Vessels Traffic Control System (VTCS) is used to control the vessels traffic on the sea but its capability not sufficient to address the large range of issues and challenges faced by the sea like (operability, accuracy and completeness of moving and positioning of vessels, weather condition prediction, navigation control and rescue operation support) now days. So, an intelligent engine is developed by a close integration of GIS and VTCS to effectively deal with the different and important issues. The intelligent (VTCS) is required by officer on the watch and monitoring authorities to address the following needs: 1. Vessel traffic can be very high in specific areas thus increasing the risk of accident 2. Pirate activities 3. Terrorist threats 4. Risk of accidents in ports and coastal areas Page 17 of 26

18 The above list in terms of maritime safety, navigation effectiveness and ecological protection, coastal and shelf infrastructure led the search of VTCS solutions. ii. The search operation is one of the important tactical situation function of the GIS in harbor. It is possible to search for moving objects to allocate them. Another tactical situation is the vessel docking to berth with the help of GIS. The vessel can received a list of available berths, with a variant of preferable way of docking is presented. The following factor is taken in mind during vessel docking to a berth: Berth particular properties; Depth around the berth; Presence of other vessels and their properties; Harbour rules; Weather conditions. The visual interface can help to control this situation as shown in Fig. 20 Fig 20 - A typical interface of VTCS Figures 21 to 22 Show the search operation modeling. The navigation estimation tool is helpful for the navigation safety for all types of vessels. The vessel Page 18 of 26

19 allocation estimation support making decision to avoid any conflict that might be caused by vessel location as shown in Figures 23 to 25. Fig. 21 Search effort allocation and region of search detection Page 19 of 26

20 Fig. 22 Search Operation and Modeling Fig. 23 Current situation in a harbor Fig. 24 Visual Interface of Control Over Vessel Docking to a Berth Situation Page 20 of 26

21 Fig. 25 Visual Interface for TS Navigation Estimation iii. Trajectories behaviors: A real time web based visualization tool can help to report dynamic location, based information on maps. This tool can be a result of integration of the location based information on existing GIS software like (ESRI tools and Google Earth) or GeoWeb based application like (Geo Server, Google Maps and mobile) as shown in figure 26. The integrated tool is useful to monitor the waiting area, access channel and dangerous zones as shown in Figures 27 to 29. In addition to the above services the manipulation and visualization of historical trajectory data is possible by this information system. Page 21 of 26

22 Fig. 26 Web-based visualization interface Fig. 27 Trajectory behaviors Page 22 of 26

23 Fig. 28 Illustration of trajectory analysis between brest harbor Page 23 of 26

24 Fig. 29 Illustration of trajectory analysis between brest harbor iv. Global Traffic The analysis of worldwide traffic is very important for homeland security, location based information regarding worldwide traffic density, routes analysis according to periods and weather conditions for optimal and economic trajectories and to analyze piracy activities compared to maritime routes. The route detection and analysis support and increase security of maritime shipping and traffic in high density areas. Figures 30 to 31 shows worldwide maritime traffic and example of the route between Dubai and France. Page 24 of 26

25 Fig. 30 Worldwide maritime traffic Fig. 31 Route (e.g. Dubai to the North of France) Page 25 of 26

26 Conclusion It is clear that GIS become a very useful tool that could support maritime industry, it could increase the management efficiency to control ports and vessels movement (traffic). Also, it support the maritime safety and security with growing sea shipping and cargo ships that carry hazardous materials in addition to terrorist activities and pirate threats. The integration of existing maritime systems like Vessel Traffic Control System (VTCS) and IHO S-57 Standard Electronic Navigation Charts (ENC) develop new marine system and software to have a great visualization engine. These engines help vessels and port operators and managements to visualize the situation close to any particular ship, so that appropriate action may be taken. As a result, it become essential for maritime industry to utilize the new system (Marine GIS) to support the operational and control processes and to avoid many problems that may affect human lives or environments. Recommendation According to this research, the implementation of GIS was done in different marine areas. However, the range of implementation is not as expected during this fast life & developing high tech time. The developers of such systems need to educate their customers with any development of the system. Also, they need to put more efforts to advertise the new product so, users will keep their vessels and control offices equipped with new systems. References Development of an Object-Oriented GIS for Maritime Archeology Motivation, Implementation and Results by Peter Holt Emerald Isle s Coastal Contingency Plan an article in ArcNews Online Marine GIS: 3D Graphics Applied to Maritime Safety by R.I. Goralski, C.M. Gold GIS Solutions for Ports and Maritime Transport Newsletter of ESRI Integration of Vessel Traffic Control Systems and Geographical Information Systems by Vasily Popovich, Chritophe Claramunt, Vasily Osipov, Cyril Ray, Tianzen Wang, Dmitry Berbenev Page 26 of 26