Sterilizable non-glass IsFET sensor for ph Measurement TopHit CPS 471
|
|
- Florence Maxwell
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Technical Information TI 28C/2/ae Sterilizable non-glass IsFET sensor for ph Measurement TopHit CPS 71 Ion-selective field effect transistor for hygienic and long-term stability ph measurement Application Areas Hygienic and sterile applications Food industry and pharmaceutical industry, sterilizable Biotechnology Used in hazardous areas; FM, CSA, and ATEX approved Features and Benefits Resistant to breakage no glass, sensor body made completely of PEEK direct installation into the process in the food and pharmaceutical industries, reduced effort and costs for sampling and laboratory analysis Meets -A standards and is EHEDG certified Certified biocompatibility Double chamber reference system: poisoning resistant polyacrylamide free gel Application possible at low temperatures short response time constant high accuracy Sterilizable Longer calibration intervals than glass electrodes Lower hysteresis with alternating temperatures Low measuring error after hightemperature loading Almost no acid and alkaline errors With built-in temperature sensor for effective temperature compensation Ideal for CIP processes when combined with an automatic retractable holder The Power of Know How
2 Operating function and design Measuring principle Ion-selective (more general, ion-sensitive) field effect transmitters (IsFET) were developed in the 1970 s as an alternative to the glass electrode for ph measurement. Basics Ion-selective field effect transistors use a MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor arrangement (first figure below) where the metallic gate is not a control electrode. Instead, the medium in the IsFET is in direct contact with the gate isolator layer (second figure below). Two strongly N-conducting areas are diffused in the P-conducting substrate of the semiconductor material (Si). These N-conducting areas are current supplying ( Source ) and current accepting ( Drain ) electrodes. The metallic gate electrode (in case of the MOSFET), respectively the medium (in case of the IsFET), form together with the lower substrate to form a capacitor. A potential difference between gate and substrate (U gs ) causes a higher electron density between Source and Drain. A N-conducting channel is formed, feeding Source and Drain, a current (I d ) is induced. U gs 1 Si (n) S 2 Si (p) Si (n) D I d U d MOSFET 1 Metallic gate D Drain 2 Channel U d Drain voltage p-doped silicon substrate U gs Control voltage between gate and source S Source I d Drain current 1 2 U gs 6 5 Si (n) S Si (p) Si (n) D I d U d IsFET 1 Reference electrode S Source 2 Gate isolator layer D Drain Medium U d Drain voltage Channel U gs Control voltage between gate and source 5 p-doped silicone substrate I d Drain current 6 Isolating layer (TopHit: sensor shaft) In the IsFET, H + ions available in the medium, which are located in the medium / gate isolator boundary layer, create the electric field (gate potential). Depending on the effect described above, a N-conducting channel is formed and a current between Source and Drain is induced. Suitable sensor circuits use the dependence on the ion-selective gate potential to create an output signal proportional to the concentration of the ion type. 2
3 ph sensitive IsFet Important characteristics of the TopHit CPS 71 The gate isolator serves as an ion-selective layer for H + ions. The gate isolator is impermeable to the ions as well (isolator effect), but allows reversible surface reactions with the H + ions. Depending on the acidic or alkaline character of the measurement solutions, functional groups in the isolator surface accept or reject H + ions (amphoteric character of the functional groups). This leads to a positive (H + acceptance in the acidic medium) or negative (H + rejection in the alkaline medium) charging of the isolator surface. Depending on the ph value, a defined surface charge can be used to control the field effect in the channel between Source and Drain. The processes, which lead to a creation of a charge potential and therefore to a control voltage U gs between Gate and Source, are described with the Nernst equation. U gs = U x RT Ig(a nf ion ) U gs = Control voltage between gate and source n = Mol weight U 0 = Offset potential F = Faraday constant R = Gas constant a ion = activity of ions T = Temperature (K) 2. x RT = Nernst factor nf At 68 F (20 C), the Nernst factor is known to have a value of -58 mv/ph. Resistance to breakage Its resistance to breakage is the most obvious feature of the sensor. The complete sensor is embedded in a PEEK shaft. Only the highly resistant isolator layer and the reference have direct contact with the medium. Acidic or alkaline errors A further important benefit compared to the glass electrode is the considerably reduced number of acidic or alkaline errors in extreme ph ranges. Compared to glass electrodes, practically no foreign ions can build up at the IsFET gate. The error detection limit is < 0.01 ph (between ph 1 and 1 at 77 F). The chart below shows the acidic or alkali error of the IsFET between ph 1 and 1 and the comparison to the glass electrode (two different ph glasses) at ph values of 0.09 and DpH E+H IsFET Glass 1 Glass M HCl ph 1 to 1 1 M NaOH ph 77 F (25 C)
4 Isothermic curves The Nernst equation (a) defines the dependence of the measuring voltage on the hydrogen ion content (ph value) and the temperature. It is the basis of ph measuring technology and for IsFET sensors as well. A temperature-dependent value for the potential change per ph value can be worked out from this equation (isothermic curve, potential changes per ph value at a defined temperature). The isothermic curves of the IsFET sensor are very close to the theoretical values. This is further proof for the high ph measurement precision of the TopHit H CPS 71. mv ph a b c Isothermic curves for TopHit CPS 71 a = Isothermic curve at 6 F (8 C): slope mv/ph b = Isothermic curve at 98 F (7 C): slope mv/ph c = Isothermic curve at 12 F (61 C): slope -66. mv/ph Measurement stability and sensor response time The IsFET response times are very short over the whole temperature range. With the IsFET sensor, there is no equilibrium setting (temperature dependent) as in the source layer of a ph glass of a glass electrode. They can also be used to derive an application at low temperatures with a deceleration in response time. Large and fast temperature and ph value fluctuations have a significantly smaller effect on the measuring error (hysteresis) than with a glass electrode, as there is no stress exerted on the ph glass. Reference system The integrated reference electrode of the CPS 71 is a double-chamber reference system with a bridge electrolyte. The benefits are an efficient and stable contact between the diaphragm and the reference lead, and the extremely long poison path. The bridge electrolyte is highly resistant to temperature and pressure changes. Measuring system The complete measuring system consists of: IsFET sensor CPS 71 Measuring cable CPK 12 with TOP 68 connector Measuring transmitter; Liquisys M CPM 22 (for panel mounting), CPM 25 (for field mounting), or Mycom S CPM 15 Immersion, flow or retractable holder assembly, e.g. CleanFit P CPA 71 or 75 Additional accessories are available depending on the application: TopClean S CPC 0 or TopCal S CPC 00 automatic cleaning system Extension cable, VBA or VBM junction box.
5 ENDRESS+HAUSER MYCOM S CPM 15 Messen 7.00 ph ATC Temperatur 25.0 C Wahl MEAS DIAG? CAL PARAM Hold Aus TopHit CPS 71 Food industries CPS 71 with TopCal fully automated measuring, cleaning, and calibration system 1 CPS 71 sensor 5 CPG 00 control unit 9 Rinse block 2 Retractable holder CPA 75 6 Steam, water, cleaner 10 Electric cable Mycom S CPM 15 analyzer 7 Cleaner, buffer solutions 11 Compressed air Power supply 8 Multihose 12 Liquids/cleaner Chemical and process industries (hazadous area applications zone 0/1 Hazardous area zone 1 Non-hazardous area CPS 71 with TopCal S fully automated measuring, cleaning, and calibration system 1 CPS 71 sensor 5 CPG 00 control unit 9 Rinse block 2 Retractable holder CPA 71 6 Steam, water, cleaner 10 Electric cable Mycom CPM 15 analyzer 7 Cleaner, buffer solutions 11 Compressed air Power supply 8 Multihose 12 Liquids/cleaner 5
6 MEAS DIAG CAL PARAM ENDRESS+HAUSER MYCOM S CPM 15 Messen ATC Temperatur 25.0 C Wahl MEAS DIAG? CAL PARAM Hold Aus TopHit CPS 71 Process sterilizing is no problem due to the wide range of applications for the IsFET ph sensor, not only relating to temperature but also ph. There is only a small range of extremely high ph values at high temperatures where the sensor is not suitable (see Process conditions). Media with these characteristics remove the isolator oxide from the IsFET chip. As this is the ph and temperature range of CIP cleaning media, the CPS 71 should only be used in combination with an automatic retractable holder. Benefits of the TopCal fully automatic measurement, cleaning and calibration system: CIP cleaing is possible - the sensor built into the retractable holder is automaically retracted out of the medium before cleaning Sensor cleaning in the rinse chamber of the retractable holder with suitable cleaning solutions Calibration cycles can be individually set Low maintenance costs due to fully automatic cleaning and calibration functions Measuring results are optimally reproducable and the individual value tolerances are very low due to automatic calibration Water and wastewater CPS 71 electrode 2 CPA 111 Immersion holder CPK 12 measuring cable Liquisys M CPM 25 measuring transmitter Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology systems ph CPS 71 electrode 2 CPA 2 Immersion holder CPK 12 measuring cable Mycom S CPM 15 measuring transmitter 6
7 Input Measured values Measuring ranges ph value and temperature 0 to 1 ph, 5 to 275 F (-15 to 15 C) Caution! Note the process operating conditions and notes on page 9. Performance characteristics Reference operating conditions Response time Maximum measured error Repeatability Start-up drift Reference temperature, 77 F (25 C) Reference pressure, 1.7 psia (101 mbar) < 5 seconds for buffer changes from to 7 ph under reference operating conditions ± 0.2% of measuring range; temperature, Class B according to DIN / IEC 751 ± 0.1% of measuring range Everytime when switching on the measuring device, a control loop is set up. During the this time, the measured value moves to the true value. The setting time depends on the kind of interruption and the interruption time: Supply voltage interruption, senosr left in process: approximately to 5 minutes Interruption of the fluid film between ph sensitive IsFet and reference lead: approximately 5 to 8 minutes Longer dry storage of the sensor: up to 0 minutes. Electrical connection Measuring cable The IsFET TopHit H CPS 71 is connected to the measuring transmitter using the CPK 12 measuring cable. NOTE: Refer to the transmitter operating instructions for sensor wiring. The transmitter specified must be appropriate for the use of IsFET sensors, e.g. Liquisys S CPM 22 / 25. Transmitters with standard ph input only will not work with the IsFET electrode. Cable colors yellow and white are connected on the sensor side Source SRC (ph) Reference Drain DRN Pt1000 Pt1000 Pt1000 PAL GND Coax cable Shield RD GY WH YE BN Shield 7
8 Installation Sensor orientation In principle, IsFET sensors can be installed in any position, as there is no liquid inner lead. When installing the TopHit H CPS 71, note the flow direction of the medium. The IsFET chip should be located at a 5 to the direction of flow (right illustration). The rotating plug-in head of the CPS 71 allows easy installation at a defined angle. NOTE: Comply with the appropriate operation / installation guidelines for the electrode holder specified. 1 2 z x x 5 z z y 6 y 5 1 engraving 2 Serial number Nameplate 1 engraving Rotatable part of connection head 5 IsFET chip 6 Medium flow-past direction When installing the sensor in a holder, use the engraved serial number on the connection head for correct sensor orientation. The serial number is always located in the same plane as the IsFET chip and the nameplate (z-y direction). In addition, you can use the logo engraving for correct sensor orientation. The log is rotated by 70 to 90 form the IsFET plane (position 1, right hand graphic above). Installation angle IsFET sensors can be installed in any position, as there is no liquid inner seal. In the case of an overhead installation, a possible air cushion * in the reference system might interrupt the electrical contact between the medium and the diaphragm. * The sensor is shipped without air cushions. Air cushion forming is possible when tanks are cleaned out. NOTE: The installed sensor may be held under dry conditions for a maximum of 6 hours (also applies to overhead installaiton). advised angle of installation Permissable with respect to the application specific conditions 8
9 Environment Ambient temperature range Stroage temperature range Ingress protection Sensitivity to light 5 to 28 F (-15 to 10 C) The ambient temperature should not drop below 5 F (-15 C). Do not operate the sensor at temperatures below 5 F (-15 C) due to danger of frost damage. 2 to 122 F (0 to 50 C) NEMA 6 (IP 68) with TOP 68 plug connector As with every semiconductor, the IsFET is light-sensitive (fluctuations of measured value). Avoid direct sunlight during calibration and operation. Normal environment light does not influence the measurement. Process Medium temperature depending on ph At high temperatures over a long period of time, alkalis irreversibly destroy the gae isolator oxide. The sensor can only be used in the indicated range (chart below) at a cost of its life span. If it is constantly subjected to the effects of a 2% sodium hydroxide solution at 176 F (80 C), the sensor life span drops to approximately 10 to 15 hours. F ( C) 28 (120) 212 (100) Restricted lifetime! 176 (80) 10 (60) 10 (0) application range of IsFET TopHit 68 (20) 2 (0) ph Temperature and ph Sterilization Application range of the sensor according to the order code (see Ordering information) Pressure / temperature: 15 psi / max. 212 F (10 bar / 100 C), sterilizable:.5 psi / 275 F ( bar / 15 C) for up to 1 hour Caution! To prevent damage to the sensor, never use the CPS 71 in applications outside the given specifications F ( C) 275 (15) 212 (100) Application range of TopHit.5 () 15 (10) psi (bar) 9
10 Mechanical construction Dimensions 1.72", 8.86, 1.2, 16.7 (120, 225, 60, 25) " (12) 1 Top 68 plug-in head 2 Sensor shaft Reference electrode IsFET chip 5 Seal (EPDM) Weight Materials Surface roughness Temperature sensor Process connection Plug-in head.5 ounces (0.1 kg) Electrode shaft: PEEK, conforms to FDA requirements EPDM seals; diaphragm is ceramics, sterilizable R a < 0.8 µm (150 grit) Pt 1000 (Class B to DIN IEC 751) Pg 1.5 ESB: TOP 68, rotatable Certificates and approvals -A Hazardous area approvals EHEDG Transmitters Fully automatic measuring systems 10 CPS 71 meets with the -A sanitary standards FM approved IS, Cl. I, Div. 1, Grps. A-D when used with Mycom S 15-O / -P CSA approved IS, Cl. I, Div. 1, Grps. A-D when used with Mycom S 15-S ATEX device group II, Category 1 G; explosion protection EEx ia IIC T/T6 Sterilizable certified to EHEDG test criteria (TNO Report V60 RE) Original of report summary At the request of Conducta, Postfach 10015, D Gerlingen, Germany the in-place cleanability of the ISFET-Sensor TopHit CPS 71 was assessed according to the test procedure of the European Engineering & Design Group (EHEDG). The test results show that the ISFET-Sensor TopHit CPS 71, including the seals, is cleanable in-place at least as well as the reference pipe. The tests were conducted five times on one test object. The results of the tests are comparable with each other. The ISFET-Sensor TopHit CPS 71 complies with the hygienic criteria of the Machinery Directive 98/7/EC, annex 1 (additional essential health and safety requirements for certain categories of machinery) section 2.1 (agri-foodstuffs machinery), the hygienic requirements of EN part 2 and with the hygienic equipment design criteria of the EHEDG. The test results obtained are representative of the ISFET-Sensor TopHit type CPS 71 and type CPS 1. Accessories Liquisys M CPM 22 / 25: ph and ORP transmitter, field or panel mounted housing, for use in hazardous or nonhazardous areas, HART and PROFIBUS available. Mycom S CPM 15: ph and ORP transmitter, one or two channel version, for use in hazardous or nonhazardous areas, HART and PROFIBUS available. TopCal S CPC 00: fully automatic measuring, cleaning and calibration system, for use in hazardous or nonhazardous areas, in-process cleaning, automatic sensor monitoring. TopClean S CPC 0: fully automatic measuring and cleaning system, for use in hazardous or nonhazardous areas, in-process cleaing, automatic sensor monitoring
11 Sensor holder assemblies CleanFit P CPA 71: retractable assembly for tank and pipe installation CleanFit P CPA 7: pneumatically or manually driven retractable assembly with ball valve for reliable process termination, wetted parts are 16L SS CleanFit P CPA 7: pneumatically or manually driven retractable assembly with ball valve for reliable process termination, wetted parts are PP, PEEK or PVDF CleanFit P CPA 71 CleanFit P CPA 7 CleanFit P CPA 7 CleanFit H CPA 75: retractable assembly for tank and pipe installation under sterile conditions CleanFit W CPA 111: immersion and installation assembly for open and closed tanks UniFit H CPA 2: installation assembly for food industry, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry, with -A or EHEDG certificate CleanFit H CPA 75 DipFit W CPA 111 UniFit H CPA 2 ph buffer solutions Buffer solutions, accuracy 0.02 ph, according to NIST / DIN ph.0 red, contents: oz (100 ml) Order No.: CPY 2-0 ph.0 red, contents: 1qt (1000 ml) Order No.: CPY 2-1 ph 7.0 green, contents: oz (100 ml) Order No.: CPY 2-2 ph 7.0 green, contents: 1qt (1000 ml) Order No.: CPY 2- Buffer solutions for single use, accuracy 0.02 ph, according to NIST / DIN ph.0 red, contents: 0.6 oz (20 x 20 ml) Order No.: CPY 2-D ph 7.0 green, contents: 0.6 oz (20 x 20 ml) Order No.: CPY 2-E Supplemental documentation Holder assemblies Transmitters Fully automatic systems Measuring cable Cleanfit P CPA 71 Technical Information, TI 217C/2/ae Cleanfit P CPA 7 Technical Information, TI C/2/ae Cleanfit P CPA 7 Technical Information, TI 5C/2/ae Cleanfit H CPA 75 Technical Information, TI 20C/2/ae DipFit W CPA 111 Technical Information, TI 112C/2/ae DipFit P CPA 10 Technical Information, TI 178C/2/ae CPA 2 Technical Information, TI 297C/2/ae Liquisys S CPM 22/25 Technical Information, TI 19C/2/ae Mycom 15 Technical Information, TI 2C/2/ae TopClean Technical Information, TI 25C/2/ae TopCal Technical Information, TI 26C/2/ae Measuring cable CPK 1-12 Technical Information, TI 12C/07/en 11
12 Ordering information TopHit H CPS 71 sensor CPS Shaft length 2.7 (120 mm) shaft length 8.9 (225 mm) shaft length (60 mm) shaft length (25 mm) shaft length 2 Terminal head ESB Threaded plug-in head, Pg 1.5, TOP 68 connection, rotatable Options 1 Chip seal: EPDM (FDA certified) 9 Special version according to customer specification CPK 12 measuring cable CPK Cable length HA 16 ft (5 m), TPE sheath, max. 266 F (10 C) HB ft (10 m), TPE sheath, max. 266 F (10 C) HC 50 ft (15 m), TPE sheath, max. 266 F (10 C) HD 65 ft (20 m), TPE sheath, max. 266 F (10 C) HE 82 ft (25 m), TPE sheath, max. 266 F (10 C) HF 5 to 20 m (sold in m lengths), TPE sheath, max. 266 F (10 C) HG 16 to 65 ft (sold in ft lengths), TPE sheath, max. 266 F (10 C) HH 10 ft ( m), TPE sheath, max. 266 F (10 C) NA 16 ft (5 m) PVC sheath, max. 176 F (80 C) 2 Version A Standard applications, black sheath Z Hazardous applications, Blue sheath Wire termination 1 End sleeve on device side, braided cable shielding Ground connection A External potential matching with flat plug For application and selection assistance, in the U.S. call 888-ENDRESS For total support of your installed base, 2 hours a day, in the U.S. call Visit us on our web site, United States, Inc. 250 Endress Place Greenwood, IN 61 Phone: (17) ENDRESS FAX: (17) Canada Canada Ltd. 10 Graham s Lane Unit 1, Burlington ON, L7S 1W Phone: (905) FAX: (905) Mexico Paseo del Pedregal No. 610 Col. Jardines del Pedregal 01900, Mexico D.F. Mexico Phone: (525) FAX: (525) The Power of Know How TI 28C/2/ae/ , Inc.
Application Your benefits
Technical Information CCS140 and CCS141 Sensors for free chlorine Amperometric, membrane-covered sensors for installation in the CCA250 flow assembly Application Oxidizing agents such as chlorine or anorganic
More informationISEmax CAS40D. Technical Information
Technical Information ISEmax CAS40D Online measurement of nutrient parameters Ion-selective electrodes for the continuous measurement of ammonium, nitrate and other ions Application The ion-selective sensor
More informationISEmax CAM40/CAS40. Technical Information
Technical Information Online measurement of nutrient parameters Ion-selective electrode system for the continuous measurement of ammonium and nitrate Application The ion-selective electrode system works
More informationph/o.r.p. probe Type 8619 multicell transmitter/controller General data Measuring range Bürkert ph probe Bürkert O.R.P. probe Medium temperature
ph/o.r.p. probe For many different types of installations and applications Large selection of probe for a wide range of holder Useable for pipe DN15 to DN200 Type 8203 can be combined with... Type 8200
More informationOEM ph Competences. Solutions for ph OEM Applications in Liquid Analysis
OEM ph Competences Solutions for ph OEM Applications in Liquid Analysis ph Glass Electrodes The method of ph measurement using glass electrodes is a potentiometric measurement method. Since glass is basically
More informationED 701 General Industry Pressure Transmitter
ED 701 General Industry Pressure Transmitter Standard industrial process connections Complete range of electrical connections 4... 20 ma and Voltage outputs Accuracy: 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% FS Quick response
More informationDMP 331P. Industrial Pressure Transmitter. Process Connections With Flush Welded Stainless Steel Diaphragm
DMP P Industrial Pressure Transmitter Process Connections With Flush Welded Stainless Steel accuracy according to IEC 60770: standard: 0.5 % FSO option: 0.5 % FSO Nominal pressure from 0... 00 mbar up
More informationConductivity sensor for hygienic applications
Conductivity sensor for hygienic applications Type 8221 can be combined with Perfect for demanding applications in the hygienic industry (CIP and SIP compatible) Variants available for usage over a wide
More informationPressure Measurement. Transmitters for basic requirements SITRANS P MPS (submersible sensor) Transmitter for hydrostatic level 2/27
Overview Siemens AG 011 Function s are for measuring the liquid levels in wells, tanks, channels and dams. Diaphragm p Sensor U const. U + (brown) I EM I -1 (blue) 0, U B s are submersible sensors for
More informationph/redox Measurement CPM 280
Technical Information TI 346C/07/en/07.03 51511752 ph/redox Measurement CPM 280 Battery-driven pocket meter for ph and redox measurement Application CPM 280 is a compact pocket meter for measuring ph value
More informationPressure Transmitter ED 701
Pressure Transmitter ED 701 Hygienic and industrial process connections Zero setting function Accuracy < 0.1% FS Quick response time < 25 ms High long-term stability Excellent repeatability Active compensation
More informationTransmitters for basic requirements SITRANS P MPS (submersible sensor) Transmitter for hydrostatic level
Overview Function s are for measuring the liquid levels in wells, tanks, channels and dams. Sensor Diaphragm p U const. U +2 (brown) I EM I - (blue) 0, U B s are submersible sensors for hydrostatic level
More informationCCS140 and CCS141. Technical Information. Sensors for free chlorine Amperometric, membrane-covered sensors for installation in the CCA250 assembly
Technical Information CCS140 and CCS141 Sensors for free chlorine Amperometric, membrane-covered sensors for installation in the CCA250 assembly Application Oxidising agents such as chlorine or anorganic
More informationCCS140 and CCS141. Technical Information. Sensors for free chlorine Amperometric, membrane-covered sensors for installation in the CCA250 assembly
Technical Information CCS140 and CCS141 Sensors for free chlorine Amperometric, membrane-covered sensors for installation in the CCA250 assembly Application Oxidising agents such as chlorine or anorganic
More informationDMP 331Pi. Precision Pressure Transmitter. pressure ports and process connections with flush welded stainless steel diaphragm
DMP Pi Precision Pressure Transmitter pressure ports and process connections with flush welded stainless steel diaphragm accuracy according to IEC 600: 0, % FSO Nominal pressure from 0... 00 mbar up to
More informationCapacitance Level Measurement Electronic Inserts EC 37 Z, EC 47 Z
Technical Information TI 271F/00/en Operating Instructions 017182-1000 Capacitance Level Measurement Electronic Inserts EC 37 Z, EC 47 Z Transmitters for capacitance probes Application The electronic inserts
More informationDS 200P. Electronic Pressure Switch. Pressure Ports And Process Connections With Flush Welded Stainless Steel Diaphragm
Pressure Ports And Process Connections With Flush Welded Stainless Steel Diaphragm accuracy according to IEC 600: standard: 0. % FSO option: 0. % FSO Nominal pressure from 0... 00 mbar up to 0... 0 bar
More informationDMP 331. Industrial Pressure Transmitter for Low Pressure. Stainless Steel Sensor
DMP Industrial Pressure Transmitter for Low Pressure Stainless Steel Sensor accuracy according to IEC 60770: : 0.5 % FSO option: 0.5 / 0. % FSO Nominal pressure from 0... 00 mbar up to 0... 60 bar Output
More informationChloromax CCS142D. Technical Information
Technical Information Chloromax CCS142D Digital sensor with Memosens technology for determining free chlorine Membrane-covered amperometric sensor for process and drinking water applications Application
More informationDMP 331Pi. Precision Pressure Transmitter. pressure ports and process connections with flush welded stainless steel diaphragm
DMP Pi Precision Pressure Transmitter pressure ports and process connections with flush welded stainless steel diaphragm accuracy according to IEC 600: 0, % FSO Nominal pressure from 0... 00 mbar up to
More informationDS 300. Electronic Pressure Switch. with IO-Link interface. Stainless Steel Sensor. accuracy according to IEC 60770: 0.35 % FSO.
DS 00 Electronic Pressure Switch with IO-Link interface Stainless Steel Sensor accuracy according to IEC 60770: 0.5 % FSO Nominal pressure from 0... 00 mbar up to 0... 600 bar Digital output signal IO-Link
More informationOperating Instructions for Digital Manometer. Model: MAN-SD
Operating Instructions for Digital Manometer Model: MAN-SD 1. Contents 1. Contents...2 2. Note...3 3. Instrument Inspection...3 4. Regulation Use...4 5. Operating Principle...4 6. Mechanical Connection...5
More informationPressure Measurement Single-range transmitters for general applications
Siemens AG 07 Overview Function SITRANS LH00 Transmitter for hydrostatic level U const. p U I EM Sensor Connection for auxiliary power supply Vent pipe with humidity filter Protective conductor connection/
More informationDifferential ph Probe Type 18
Differential ph Probe Type 18 Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Glass testing 2 Measuring principle 2.1 Model applications 3 Technical data 4 Handling information for the glasslined ph probe 5 Storage and installation
More informationField IT 50T Series Transmitters
Data Sheet SS/G/A_ Field IT 0T Series Transmitters gauge/absolute pressure transmitter Ranges: -00 to 0000kPa - to 00bar -. to 6000psi Base accuracy : 0.% (BFSL) Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) technology
More informationTHM80X Series Feature Application. Temperature & Humidity / Flow Measuring Specialist
THM80X Series Feature Application IP67 protection degree, rugged aluminum case, fit in variety harsh environment Capable of temperature compensation Linear adjustment temperature & humidity by computer,
More informationInstallation guide 862 MIT / MIR
Installation guide 862 MIT / MIR in combination with: 864 MTT or 863 MRT or (dual) spot element November 2005 Part no. 4416.232_Rev3 Enraf BV PO Box 812 2600 AV Delft Netherlands Tel. : +31 15 2701 100
More informationPRODUCT CATALOGUE PREssURE switch
PRODUCT CATALOGUE PREssURE switch w w w. p a a b. c o m Pressure AT THe HIGHesT LeVeL Successful mediumsized companies are not successful because they are active in many areas, but rather because they
More informationLevel Sensor PanCake PR 6251 and Mounting Kit PR 6051
Level Sensor PanCake PR 6251 and Mounting Kit PR 6051 The space-saving solution for simple applications The sensors of the PR 6251 series have been specially designed for simple weighing of silos and horizontal
More informationOne-hand ph/temperature measuring instrument
One-hand ph/temperature measuring instrument testo 205 ph tip embedded in breakage-proof plastic ph Combined penetration tip with temperature probe Maintenance-free gel electrolyte C Measurement tip exchangeable
More informationCombination ph, ORP, T Electrode with Transmitter
Combination ph, ORP, T Electrode with Transmitter Technical Information and Manual 2014 Osorno Enterprises Inc. The content of this manual is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. OCS/1406 Combination
More informationPHOENIX CONTACT - 04/2016. Features
Signal conditioner Data sheet 100238_de_06 1 Description PHOENIX CONTACT - 04/2016 Features The MCR-C-UI-UI(-450)-DCI(-NC) 3-way isolation amplifier is used to electrically isolate and convert analog signals.
More informationTF 212 / TF 212-Ex. Field mounted temperature transmitters, PROFIBUS PA, Pt 100 (RTD), thermocouples, 1 or 2 independent channels 10/11-8.
TF / TF -Ex Field mounted temperature transmitters, PROFIBUS PA, Pt 00 (RTD), thermocouples, or independent channels 0/-8.70 EN P R O F I PROCESS FIELD BUS B U S Input Resistance thermometer (,, -wire
More informationSINEAX VK 626 Programmable Temperature Transmitter for RTD and TC inputs, with HART protocol
SINEAX VK 66 for RTD and TC inputs, with HART procol for installation in the terminal head of a temperature sensor DIN 79, shape B Application II () G SINEAX VK 66 is a two-wire head-mounted transmitter.
More information473 Dew Point Hygrometer
gh Performance Chilled Hygrometer With Cable Mounted Measuring Heads ghly precise chilled mirror dew point technology Cable mounted dew point and temperature measurement Aspirated and direct insertion
More information473 Dew Point Hygrometer
High Performance Chilled Mirror Hygrometer With Cable Mounted Measuring Heads Highly precise chilled mirror dew point technology Cable mounted dew point and temperature measurement Aspirated and direct
More informationSINEAX VK 636 Programmable Temperature Transmitter with PROFIBUS-PA protocol
with PROFIBUS-PA procol for installation in the terminal head of a temperature sensor DIN 79, shape B Application 00 II () G FISCO The SINEAX VK 66 is a temperature transducer for use in aumation systems
More informationNO 500 DIN, NO 500 BNC NO 800 DIN, NO 800 BNC
OPERATING MANUAL ba15362e03 10/2014 NO 500 DIN, NO 500 BNC NO 800 DIN, NO 800 BNC NITRATE SENSITIVE ELECTRODE NO 500 NO 800 Note The latest version of the present operating manual can be found on the Internet
More informationCALYS 120 IS. ATEX documenting multifunction calibrator with high accuracy 0.006%
ATEX documenting multifunction calibrator with high accuracy 0.006% is the top instrument of our range of ATEX documenting multifunction calibrators. Description is the top instrument of our range of ATEX
More informationRelative pressure transmitter type 520
Relative pressure transmitter type 520 Pressure range The compact type 520 pressure transmitter is based upon the Huba Control developed thick film technology where the pressure measuring cell is fully
More informationTF 202 / TF 202-Ex. Field mounted temperature transmitters, FOUNDATION Fieldbus (H1), Pt 100 (RTD), thermocouples, 1 or 2 independent channels
TF 0 / TF 0-Ex Field mounted temperature transmitters, FOUNDATION Fieldbus (H), Pt 00 (RTD), thermocouples, or independent channels 0/-8.69 EN USA Input Resistance thermometer (,, wire circuit) Thermocouples
More informationManual ph Probe & Oxidation Reduction Potential Probe Models 6528A and 6528B
Manual ph Probe & Oxidation Reduction Potential Probe Models 6528A and 6528B Revision History File name / Revision Date Authors Previous version BX 2004 RS/ JH Unidata Manual - 6528 ph and ORP Sensors
More informationSmartLine Radar Level Meter RM70
Page 1 of 5 SmartLine Radar Level Meter Model Selection Guide Reliable measurement in difficult process conditions +/- 3 mm / +/-0.12" standard accuracy Operates up to a flange temperature of 200 0 C /
More information473-SHX Dew Point Mirror
Humidity and Temperature Reference Hygrometer For Temperature up to 125 C Precise and stable chilled mirror dew point mirror technology High temperature optical components High temperature sample fan Cable
More informationph Electrode basics ph Electrodes Model 19 B /1 =1 m 24 B /1 =1 m
s ph electrodes are constructed from a special composition which senses the hydrogen ion concentration. This is typically composed of alkali metal ions. The alkali metal ions of the and the hydrogen ions
More informationExchangeable measuring insets SensyTemp TSA101
Contents Data Sheet Exchangeable measuring insets SensyTemp TSA101 for resistance thermometers and thermocouples Structure of electrical thermometers - Exchangeability during operation based on modular
More informationTurbine Meter TRZ 03 PRODUCT INFORMATION. Reliable Measurement of Gas
Turbine Meter TRZ 0 PRODUCT INFORMATION Reliable Measurement of Gas TURBINE METER TRZ 0 Method of operation, Construction Method of operation The TRZ 0 turbine meter is a flow meter suitable for gas measurement
More informationCALYS 80P. Field pressure calibrator with high accuracy 0.01%
Field pressure calibrator with high accuracy 0.01% CALYS 80P is a field pressure calibrator within CALYS range with high accuracy of 0.01%. Description CALYS 80P is a field pressure calibrator within CALYS
More informationPressure transmitters for industrial applications MBS 32 and MBS 33
Data sheet Pressure transmitters for industrial applications MBS 32 and MBS 33 The standard pressure transmitters MBS 32 and MBS 33 are designed for use in almost all industrial applications, and offer
More informationPage 1 of 16 Issue No. 0 of IECEx TUN X
Page 1 of 16 IECEx TR: DE/TUN/ExTR10.0002/00 IECEx QAR: DE/TUN/QAR06.0006/02 File reference: 10 204 55781-annex File reference: General product information: The electro pneumatic positioner SIPART PS2
More informationPascal ET is an handheld multifunction calibrator for the measurement and simulation of the following parameters: - pressure
DATASHEET Pascal ET Pascal ET is an handheld multifunction calibrator for the measurement and simulation of the following parameters: - pressure - electrical signals (ma, mv, V, ) - temperature (TC and
More informationBTE5000 / PTE5000 / PTU5000 Series Precision differential pressure transmitters
FEATURES 5 mbar to 0 bar, 0. to 50 psi differential pressure...6 or...0 ma Precision temperature compensated and calibrated Rugged aluminium housing Female /8" BSP and /8" NPT fittings MEDIA COMPATIBILITY
More informationph Probe Spear Tip Silver / silver chloride Reads Range / Resolution 95% in 1s Response time 100 PSI Max pressure 60m (197 ft) Max depth
V 2.4 Revised 3/1/18 Spear Tip ph Probe Silver / silver chloride Reads ph Range 0 14 Resolution Response time Max pressure Max depth Temperature range C Cable length Internal temperature sensor Time before
More informationUnderstanding ph Troubleshooting and Diagnostic information
Understanding ph Troubleshooting and Diagnostic information The desire is to achieve an accurate, reliable measurement with a reasonable electrode life expectancy while minimizing frequency or complexity
More informationModule 2. Measurement Systems. Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 1
Module 2 Measurement Systems Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 1 Lesson 8 Measurement of Level, Humidity and ph Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur 2 Instructional Objectives At the end of this lesson, the student will
More informationMetso Concentration Measurement 3300
Metso Concentration Measurement 3300 Metso Concentration 3300 Accurate direct in-line measurement The Concentration Measurement is provided with intelligent technology calculating the concentration of
More informationFLT5A FLT5A. abc. abc. Thermometer User Guide. Thermometer User Guide. Internet:
abc instruments international FLT5A Thermometer Land Instruments International Dronfield, S18 1DJ England Telephone: (1246) 417691 Facsimile: (1246) 41585 Email: infrared.sales@landinst.com Internet: www.landinst.com
More informationIts modular concept allows to build up a ball valve for any degree of automation and any kind of application
Type 2657...59 DN 10 up to 80 mm; Plastic; 2/2 way dvantages/benefits ntegrated pilot valves, position feed-back and limit switches available Customized system solutions with Burkert valves & sensors With
More informationADI 2040 Process Analyzer
ADI 2040 Process Analyzer Multi-purpose wet chemical analysis Multi-purpose Wet Chemical Analysis ADI 2040 The Metrohm Applikon ADI 2040 Process Analyzer is a multipurpose wet chemical analyzer, that has
More informationINE-PHS-3E ph Meter Operating Manual
INE-PHS-3E ph Meter Operating Manual PLEASE READ THIS MANUAL CAREFULLY BEFORE OPERATION Hagavish st. Israel 58817 Tel: 972 3 5595252, Fax: 972 3 5594529 mrc@mrclab.com MRC.12.16 ADVICE: Read this instruction
More informationSTATIC GAS MONITOR Type SGM/DEW Revision A of 20 aprile 2016
APPLICATIONS Moisture monitoring of air or gas (SF6) Suitable for indoor or outdoor Industrial, medical or aerospace fields HIGHLIGHTS High voltage circuit breakers commonly used for distribution and transmission
More informationOverload Relays. SIRIUS 3RU1 Thermal Overload Relays. 3RU11 for standard applications. 5/46 Siemens LV 1 AO 2011
SIRIUS 3RU1 Thermal Overview 1 2 7 3 4 6 "Increased safety" type of EEx e according to ATEX directive 94/9/EC The 3RU11 thermal overload relays are suitable for the overload of explosion-proof motors with
More informationNH 3 -selective electrodes
NH 3 -selective electrodes Manual 8.109.8031EN Metrohm AG CH-9100 Herisau Switzerland Phone +41 71 353 85 85 Fax +41 71 353 89 01 info@metrohm.com www.metrohm.com NH 3 -selective electrodes Manual 8.109.8031EN
More informationTSK. Flap-Type Flowmeter. Range: to GPM Accuracy: ± 2.5% of Full Scale P max. : 580 PSI T max
Flap-Type Flowmeter measuring monitoring analyzing TSK Range: 6.6...26.4 to 880...6600 GPM Accuracy: ± 2.5% of Full Scale P max : 580 PSI T max : -40 572 F Connection: Wafer Flange 1.5" 20" ASME Material:,
More informationAutomatic titrators, TitroMatic
112 TitroMatic These are the fourth generation of CRISON titrators. CRISON has over 25 years experience in this field and knows that, for certain applications, the performance and cost of large titrator
More informationSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE
Ref.. Table of Contents Page. Scope 2 2. Objective 2 3. Definitions 2 4. Responsibility 3 5. Procedure 3 5.. Diagram of Display and Control Panel 3 5.2. Installation 4 5.3. Operation 4 5.4. Calibration
More informationATEX/IECEx RTD temperature probe
Page 1/8 ATEX/IECEx RTD temperature probe with connecting cable acc. to DIN EN 60751 For temperatures from -100 to +600 C As single, double, or triple RTD temperature probe In two-wire, three-wire, or
More informationSurface-mounting Thermostats ATH Type Series
Page 1/9 urface-mounting Thermostats ATH eries k enclosure protection IP 54 k tested to IN EN 14597 (replacing IN 3440) Brief description Thermostats control and monitor thermal processes. Instruments
More informationS95.3U01 / S95.3U11. Head mounted temperature transmitters, programmable, Pt 100 (RTD), thermocouples, electrical isolation
S95.U0 / S95.U Head mounted temperature transmitters, programmable, Pt 00 (RTD), thermocouples, electrical isolation Resistance thermometer (,, wire circuit) Thermocouples Resistance remote signalling
More information/2 way valves (solenoid actuated diaphragm with forced lifting) 1/4... 2
/ way valves (solenoid actuated diaphragm with forced lifting) /4... Damped operation Operation without differential Suitable for vacuum igh flow rate For systems with low or fluctuating Brass body Wide
More informationph Probe Silver / silver chloride Reads Range / Resolution 95% in 1s Response time 100 PSI Max pressure 60m (197 ft) Max depth 1 99 C
V 2.8 Revised 1/16/18 ph Probe Silver / silver chloride Reads ph Range 0 14 Resolution Response time Max pressure Max depth Temperature range C Cable length Internal temperature sensor Time before recalibration
More informationEx floating switches and Ex immersion probes
Ex floating switches and Ex immersion probes Controlling devices with ball-operated microswitch, for signalling or regulation of liquid levels Jola Spezialschalter GmbH & Co. KG Klostergartenstr. 11 67466
More informationAIR PREPARATION. ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED PRESSURE REGULATING VALVE (PROPORTIONAL PRESSURE REGULATING VALVE) SERIES control
AIR PREPARATION ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED PRESSRE REGLATING ALE (PROPORTIONAL PRESSRE REGLATING ALE) SERIES control Description Abb. Port size Recommended Type Data Sheet No. flow (l/min)* airfit tecno
More informationAll about ph! Is it as simple as it seems? The ph Workshop. Rick Noone Thermo Scientific Water Analysis Instruments, Orion products May 22, 2014
All about ph! Is it as simple as it seems? The ph Workshop Rick Noone Thermo Scientific Water Analysis Instruments, Orion products May 22, 2014 Common Questions: Measuring ph What is ph? Potential Hydrogen
More informationSingle Phase Motors Technical Datasheets
Single Phase Motors Technical Datasheets EN A dynamic, strong and ambitious Group: Orange1 Holding is an international renown Group, one of the most important European manufacturers of single-phase and
More information5SJ4...-.HG Circuit Breakers to IEC and UL 489
Siemens AG 009 5SJ...-.HG Circuit Breakers to IEC and UL 89 BETA Low-Voltage Circuit Protection Compliance with industry standards is a must in today's manufacturing environment. Worldwide acceptance is
More informationTF 212 / TF 212-Ex. Field mounted temperature transmitter, Profibus PA, Pt 100 (RTD), thermocouples, 1 or 2 independent channels. ABB Instrumentation
TF / TF -Ex Field mounted temperature transmitter, Profibus PA, Pt 00 (RTD), thermocouples, or independent channels 0/-8.70 EN According to PROCESS FIELD BUS 0Input Resistance thermometer (,, -wire method)
More informationph Probe type ph Reiner
Contents 1 Preface 2 General instructions 2.1 Operating range 2.2 Warnings contained in the operating instructions 2.3 Notes on deliveries 2.4 Transport and storage 2.5 Warranty notes 2.6 Notes on return
More informationChemistry MultiMeasure Sensor PS-2170
ä 5 Instruction Manual 012-09523A Chemistry MultiMeasure Sensor PS-2170 ph/ise/orp PRESSURE CHEMISTRY TEMPERATURE SENSOR VOLTAGE 1 2 3 4 PS-2170 5 6 7 cc 8 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Included Equipment
More informationIndustrial Resistance Thermometers according to DIN Model MWD
Industrial Resistance Thermometers according to DIN measuring monitoring analysing MWD OMeasuring O range: -98... +600 ºC O O Pt00 sensor: class A, class B, class /3, class /0, or O O Output: resistance
More informationph electrode Instruction Manual For use with the RAH-210 & RPH-250
ph electrode Instruction Manual For use with the RAH-210 & RPH-250 The information in this manual was current at the time of printing. The most current versions of all Hydro Instruments manuals can be
More informationv = m / s Thermal Flow Sensors TA with thin-film sensor element Probes Probe Guides Measuring Tubes
Thermal Flow Sensors TA with thin-film sensor element Probes Probe Guides Measuring Tubes Examples of Application Flow measurements also in hazardous locations X zone 0 or zone 1 in clean rooms in air
More informationSurface-mounting thermostats Series ATH
JUMO GmbH & Co. KG Delivery address:mackenrodtstraße 14, 36039 Fulda, Germany Postal address: 36035 Fulda, Germany Phone: +49 661 6003-0 Fax: +49 661 6003-607 E-mail: mail@jumo.net Internet: www.jumo.net
More informationCoriolisMaster FCB130, FCB150, FCH130, FCH150 Coriolis mass flowmeter
Data Sheet DS/FCB100/FCH100-EN Rev. D CoriolisMaster FCB130, FCB150, FCH130, FCH150 Coriolis mass flowmeter High precision measurement of mass and volume flow, density, temperature and concentration with
More informationST3000 Series 900 Smart Transmitter Differential Pressure Transmitters
No. SS2-STJ100-0100 (Rev.9) ST3000 Series 900 Smart Transmitter Differential Pressure Transmitters Model STD910/STD920/STD930/STD960/STD921/STD931/STD961 OVERVIEW The ST3000 Smart Transmitter is a microprocessor-based
More informationProximity Sensor Ideal for High Temperatures and Cleaning Processes. Applicable to 120 C
ASH & ALAIN INDIA PVT LTD S-00, F.I.E.E., Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-ii, New Delhi-000(India) Tel : 0-797575 Fax : 0-79757 E-mail : sales@ashalain.com Proximity Ideal for High Temperatures and Cleaning
More informationResidual Chlorine Monitor
Data Sheet SS/AW00 Issue Residual Chlorine Monitor AW00 Total and Free Residual Chlorine Measurement add potassium iodide to reagent to convert free chlorine measurement to total chlorine Reagentless Operation
More informationCompact ph Measuring Instruments With Pro Engineering
testo 205, 206, 230 Compact ph Measuring Instruments With Pro Engineering With interchangeable measurement electrode ph C The new ph instruments with innovative probe engineering Measurement of the ph
More informationDS 200 DS 200 DRUCK & TEMPERATUR LEITENBERGER GMBH. Electronic Pressure Switch. Stainless Steel Sensor. Electronic Pressure Switch
DRUCK & TEMPERATUR LEITENBERGER GMBH DS 00 Electronic Pressure Switch Stainless Steel Sensor accuracy according to IEC 00: standard: 0. % FSO option: 0. % FSO Nominal pressure: from 0... 00 mbar up to
More informationSingle point load cells
SP4M Single point load cells Special features Maximum capacities: kg 200 kg Aluminum High ratio of minimum verification Offcenter load compensation Shielded connection cable Explosion protection and other
More informationISOCON-6. 24V AC or DC POWERED ISOLATING SIGNAL CONVERTER
ISOCON-6 24V AC or DC POWERED ISOLATING SIGNAL CONVERTER Whilst every effort has been taken to ensure the accuracy of this document, we accept no responsibility for damage, injury, loss or expense resulting
More informationZ7A. Load cells. Special features. Data sheet. Wiring code
Z7A Load cells Special features - Complies with OIML R60 regulations up to 3000 d - Max. capacities: 500 kg... 10 t - Fulfills EMC requirements in accordance to EN 45 501 - Low transducer height - Robust
More informationDeionized Water. Latest technology, highest quality, environmentally friendly. Water Technologies
Deionized Water Latest technology, highest quality, environmentally friendly Water Technologies NaCl OH - Cl - OH - OH - Cl - Anion OH - OH - Resin OH - OH OH - - OH - OH - Na + Na + Cation Resin H + H
More informationDISCRETE SEMICONDUCTORS DATA SHEET. BLF145 HF power MOS transistor
DISCRETE SEMICONDUCTORS DATA SHEET September 1992 FEATURES High power gain Low noise figure Good thermal stability Withstands full load mismatch. DESCRIPTION Silicon N-channel enhancement mode vertical
More informationType UB1 Load Cell. Option Stainless steel cable gland
Type UB1 Load Cell IP68 APPROVED Product Description Type UB1 is a stainless steel universal load cell which allows for tension and compression loading. Its complete hermetic sealing makes it suitable
More informationUser s Guide. Waterproof Palm ph Meter Model PH220. Introduction
User s Guide Waterproof Palm ph Meter Model PH220 Introduction Congratulations on your purchase of the Extech PH220 waterproof ph/mv meter. This microprocessor-based device with tactile buttons is battery
More informationPresco AG. Standard Air Capacitor 10 nf / 2 kv. Type CL-0N10-K201. User's manual
Zürcherstrasse 70 -CH 8104 Weiningen Tel. + 41 44 750 63 63 Fax + 41 44 750 63 66 P.O. Box 155 Switzerland Email info@prescoag.com Internet : www.prescoag.com Standard Air Capacitor 10 nf / 2 kv Type CL-0N10-K201
More informationPTA-427 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE TRANSDUCER OPERATOR S MANUAL
PTA-427 BAROMETRIC PRESSURE TRANSDUCER OPERATOR S MANUAL REVISION: 4/95 COPYRIGHT 1991, 1995 CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE The PTA-427 Barometric Pressure Transducer is warranted by
More informationA wide selection of pipe and orifice sizes is offered. Valves are available with threaded ports in brass and stainless steel.
Solenoid Valve Waterhammer-Free, 0- PSI /-Way; NPT - NPT; 0- PSI Advantages/Benefits Type 63 Waterhammer-free Low noise Zero differential pressure ompact design with high flow rates Low maintenance oil
More informationCoriolisMaster FCB430, FCB450, FCH430, FCH450 Coriolis mass flowmeter
Data Sheet DS/FCB400/FCH400-EN Rev. D CoriolisMaster FCB430, FCB450, FCH430, FCH450 Coriolis mass flowmeter High precision measurement of mass and volume flow, density, temperature and concentration with
More information