IPC Fall Exam Review 2014

Transcription

1 IPC Fall Exam Review 2014 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Whether an object will sink or float in a fluid is determined by. a. Bernoulli s principle c. Charles s law b. Boyle s law d. Archimedes principle 2. The buoyant force on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. This statement is. a. Boyle s law c. Bernoulli s principle b. Charles s law d. Archimedes principle 3. A gaslike mixture with no definite volume or shape that is made up of positively and negatively charged particles is a. a. solid c. gas b. liquid d. plasma 4. Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is a. a. gas c. plasma b. liquid d. solid 5. Matter with no definite volume and no definite shape is a. a. gas c. plasma b. liquid d. solid 6. As the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases. This statement is. a. Pascal s principle c. Bernoulli s principle b. Charles s law d. Archimedes principle 7. Which of these objects is least like a crystalline solid? a. a pillowcase full of Halloween candy c. a checkerboard b. a spider web d. a chain-link fence 8. According to, as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases. a. Bernoulli s principle c. Charles s law b. Boyle s law d. Archimedes principle 9. Who was the SI unit of pressure named for? a. Daniel Bernoulli c. Robert Boyle b. Blaise Pascal d. Archimedes 10. Which is the state change that occurs when a solid becomes a gas without becoming a liquid first? a. vaporization c. deposition b. sublimation d. freezing

2 11. Which of the following factors does NOT affect the behavior of a gas in a closed container? a. the number of particles c. the cohesive forces within the gas b. the average kinetic energy d. the size of the container 12. A cork is able to float on water because it is. a. a crystalline solid c. small in size b. equal in density to water d. less dense than the water 13. Bernoulli s principle explains why. a. boats float c. planes fly b. heated objects expand d. cooled objects contract 14. A fluid s resistance to flow is called. a. viscosity c. buoyancy b. fluid pressure d. stickiness 15. Pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid. This statement is. a. Pascal s principle c. Bernoulli s principle b. Charles s law d. Archimedes principle 16. Which of the following about an ice cube floating in a glass of water is correct? a. The temperature of the ice cube increases. c. The temperature of the ice cube remains constant. b. The temperature of the ice cube decreases. d. The temperature of the ice cube will fluctuate. 17. As a sample of matter is heated, its particles. a. are unaffected c. move more slowly b. move more quickly d. stop moving 18. The idea that matter is made up of small particles that are in constant motion is. a. Bernoulli s principle c. Charles s law b. heat of fusion d. the kinetic theory of matter 19. Hydraulic machines work by applying. a. Pascal s principle c. Bernoulli s principle b. Charles s law d. Archimedes principle 20. For most substances, the distance between particles is smallest when the substance. a. exists as a gas c. exists as a crystalline solid b. exists as a liquid d. exists as an amorphous solid 21. Three examples of physical change are. a. boiling of water, bursting of a balloon, and crumpling a piece of paper b. burning of gasoline, rotting of an egg, and exploding fireworks c. freezing of water, evaporation of gasoline, and rusting a nail d. sawing of wood, crushing a can, and toasting a marshmallow

3 22. The shape of an apple is a. a. chemical change c. physical change b. chemical property d. physical property 23. Fog is an example of a. a. colloid c. solution b. compound d. substance 24. When a log burns in a fire,. a. a physical change has occurred c. mass is lost b. mass is gained d. new substances are formed 25. is another name for a homogeneous mixture. a. Liquid c. Substance b. Solution d. Suspension 26. When two or more substances are combined so each substance can be separated by physical means, the result is a(n). a. chemical change c. element b. compound d. mixture 27. A is NOT a mixture. a. colloid c. suspension b. compound d. solution 28. The scattering of light by colloids is called. a. air pollution c. suspension b. conservation d. The Tyndall effect 29. is NOT a homogeneous mixture. a. Permanent-press fabric c. Vinegar b. Glue d. Gelatin 30. Particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons are. a. electrons c. quarks b. isotopes d. atoms 31. A particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n). a. electron c. neutron b. proton d. quark 32. Which metalloid is in the fourth period and the same group as Carbon? a. Silicon c. Tin b. Germanium d. Boron

4 33. Elements in groups 3 through 12 are called. a. metalloids c. noble gases b. transition elements d. isotopes 34. In general, nonmetals are. a. good conductors of electricity c. good conductors of heat b. malleable and ductile d. gases at room temperature 35. A chemical symbol represents the of an element. a. name c. group b. reaction d. structure 36. The smallest piece of an element that still retains the properties of the element is a(n). a. atom c. compound b. molecule d. plasma 37. All except mercury are solids at room temperature. a. metalloids c. metals b. nonmetals d. mixtures 38. Electrons have charge. a. positive c. variable b. negative d. no 39. Which of the Group 13 elements is not a metal? a. boron c. gallium b. aluminum d. indium 40. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called. a. metalloids c. transition elements b. radioactive d. isotopes 41. Dot diagrams are used to represent. a. the structure of the nucleus c. isotopes b. atomic number d. outer electrons 42. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called. a. isotopes c. metalloids b. metals d. radioactive elements 43. Horizontal rows of the periodic table are called. a. groups c. clusters b. families d. periods 44. Which category of elements have the property of being malleable and ductile? a. gases c. metalloids b. metals d. nonmetals

5 45. The is used to accelerate protons in the study of subatomic particles. a. Tevatron c. technology b. temanite d. television 46. A certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. Its mass number is. a. 26 c. 52 b. 30 d Protons have charge. a. positive c. variable b. negative d. no 48. Each inner energy level of an atom has a maximum number of it can hold. a. electrons c. quarks b. neutrons d. protons 49. Dot diagrams are used to represent. a. atomic numbers c. isotopes b. atomic mass d. outer level electrons 50. Elements that are gases, or are brittle solids, and are poor conductors at room temperature are. a. metals c. metalloids b. nonmetals d. isotopes 51. In general, metals are. a. poor conductors of heat c. poor conductors of electricity b. brittle d. good conductors of heat 52. The nucleus of an atom is charged. a. positively c. variably b. negatively d. none of these 53. At room temperature, most metals are. a. gases c. radioactive b. liquids d. solids 54. The process by which solid iodine particles change directly to gas without first becoming a liquid is called. a. condensation c. ionization b. evaporation d. sublimation 55. Elements that form salts by combining with metals are. a. allotropes c. ionics b. fluorides d. halogens

6 56. Substances that conduct an electric current only under certain conditions are most likely to be. a. metals c. noble gases b. metalloids d. nonmetals 57. Different forms of the same element that have different properties because of different atom arrangements are called. a. allotropes c. graphites b. carbons d. halogens 58. An allotrope of carbon that is soft and can be used as a lubricant is. a. diamond c. sand b. graphite d. silicon 59. An allotrope of carbon that is hard and is often used in jewelry is. a. diamond c. quartz b. graphite d. silicon 60. Hydrogen is grouped with the alkali metals because it. a. does not readily form compounds b. has one electron in its outer energy level c. is a gas d. is a metal 61. A chemical family whose members exist as reactive diatomic molecules in the gaseous phase is the. a. actinide series c. halogens b. alkali metals d. lanthanide series 62. When hydrogen reacts with the active metals, it forms a chemical bond by. a. gaining one electron c. losing two electrons b. losing one electrons d. sharing electrons 63. The elements in Groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table are the. a. actinides c. transition elements b. alkaline earth metals d. halogens 64. A family of elements that has two electrons in its outer energy level is the. a. actinides c. alkali metals b. alkaline earth metals d. halogens 65. Metals can be used as wire because they are. a. alloys c. metallic b. ductile d. shiny 66. Elements in which the outer electrons are NOT held tightly are most likely to form bonds. a. covalent c. metallic b. hydrogen d. radioactive

7 67. Bromine is the only halogen and nonmetal that is normally a. a. gas c. semiconductor b. liquid d. solid 68. The only metal that is a liquid at room temperature is. a. copper c. silver b. mercury d. sodium 69. A synthetic element that is used in smoke detectors is. a. aluminum c. sodium b. americium d. technetium 70. All synthetic elements are. a. liquids c. radioactive b. needed by human body d. useful in making plastics 71. Cobalt, iron, and nickel are known as the triad. a. nickel c. iron b. cobalt d. steel 72. Three transition elements in Group 12 of the periodic table are. a. copper, silver, and gold c. mercury, zinc, and cadmium b. iron, nickel, and cobalt d. neon, helium, and xenon 73. Any element with an atomic number greater than that of uranium is a(n). a. halogen c. transition element b. lanthanide d. transuranium element 74. The noble gases are in. a. Group 18 c. Group 13 b. Group 1 d. Group Elements that lie along the stair-step line of the periodic table are. a. liquids c. metalloids b. metals d. radioactive 76. The appearance of solid metals can be described as. a. dull c. powdery b. glassy d. shiny 77. A family of elements that contains the most reactive metals is the. a. noble gases c. alkali metals b. alkaline earth metals d. transition elements 78. Radioactive elements comprise a majority of the. a. actinides c. lanthanides b. halogens d. noble gases

8 79. In the compound, H 2 O, the electrons in the bonds are unequally shared between oxygen and hydrogen, forming. a. cations c. nonpolar molecules b. ionic bonds d. polar bonds 80. Why do the noble gases not form compounds readily? a. They have no electrons. c. They have seven electrons in their outer energy levels. b. They have empty outer energy levels. d. Their outer energy levels are completely filled with electrons. 81. Some elements are unlikely to lose or gain electrons, but share electrons to form covalent bonds. Which of the following elements is most likely to form covalent bonds? a. silicon (#14) c. chlorine (#17) b. oxygen (#8) d. sulfur (#16) 82. Which of the following is not a type of covalent bond? a. single covalent c. triple covalent b. double covalent d. tetra covalent 83. Which of the following correctly shows the formula for a hydrate? a. H 2 O c. H2O2 b. MgSO4(H2O)7 d. MgSO 4 7H 2 O 84. Use the table to determine the correct name for K2SO4. a. potassium sulfide c. potassium sulfate b. potassium(ii) sulfate d. potassium disulfide 85. Which of the following compounds is not likely to have ionic bonds? a. LiF c. CH 4 b. NaCl d. MgF Which of the following notations represents a molecule? a. NaCl c. H 2 O b. He d. Li

9 87. The energy levels of an atom are occupied by. a. electrons c. neutrons b. protons d. ions 88. The name given to the number of electrons an atom gains, loses, or shares is the. a. ionic number c. oxidation number b. atomic number d. atomic mass 89. Use the table to determine the correct formula for magnesium nitrate? a. MgNO3 c. Mg(NO3)2 b. Mg2NO3 d. Mg2(NO3)2 90. In carbon dioxide, each oxygen atom shares four electrons with the carbon atom. What is this type of bond called? a. triple covalent c. polar covalent b. double covalent d. ionic 91. What is the name of a binary compound made up of lithium and chlorine? a. chlorine lithiate c. lithium chloride b. chlorine lithium d. lithium chlorate 92. A chemical tells what elements a compound contains and the exact number of the atoms of each element in a unit of that compound. a. formula c. dot diagram b. table d. chart 93. How many hydrogen atoms are present in one molecule of ammonium acetate, NH4C2H3O2? a. 3 c. 7 b. 4 d A charged particle is known as a(n). a. plasma c. ion b. gas d. neutron

10 95. Sulfur, element 16, forms a negative ion. How many dots would you have to show in the electron dot diagram for the sulfur ion? a. two c. eight b. six d. sixteen 96. Dot diagrams are used to represent. a. protons c. atomic mass b. outer electrons d. the structure of the nucleus 97. What is the name of the compound with the formula NaCl? a. sodium chloride c. sodium dichloride b. chlorine sodiate d. sodium chlorate 98. What kind of chemical bond is formed when an equal exchange of electrons occurs? a. covalent c. ionic b. hydrate d. magnetic 99. In a chemical formula, the number of each type of atom in the compound is shown by numbers called. a. superscripts c. oxidation numbers b. chemical symbols d. subscripts 100. What is the number of potassium atoms compared to oxygen atoms in a binary compound made from these two elements? a. One potassium atom to two oxygen atoms. b. One potassium atom to three oxygen atoms. c. Two potassium atoms to one oxygen atom. d. Three potassium atoms to one oxygen atom What is the name of a binary compound made up of lithium and chlorine? a. chloride lithium c. lithium chloride b. lithium chlorate d. chlorine lithiate 102. The attraction that forms between atoms when they share electrons is known as a(n) bond. a. ionic c. simple b. covalent d. net 103. Alkali metals tend to lose one electron per atom in forming bonds. What family of elements will form ionic bonds with alkali metals, in a 2-to-1 ratio, alkali metal to other element? a. alkaline earth elements c. halogens b. oxygen group d. noble gases 104. What is the name of the compound with the formula NaCl? a. chlorine sodiate c. sodium chloride b. sodium chlorate d. sodium dichloride

11 105. A group of covalently bonded atoms that acts together as one charged atom is a. a. crystal c. negative ion b. molecule d. polyatomic ion 106. A group of atoms that acts together as one charged atom is a. a. polyatomic ion c. molecule b. negative ion d. crystal 107. How many dots are shown in the electron dot diagram for calcium, element number 20? a. one c. eight b. two d. twenty 108. Which of the following bonds is polar? a. F F c. O O b. O H d. H H Matching Match each term with the correct definitions below. a. element d. compound b. mixture e. matter c. substance 109. composition variable 110. has mass, takes up space 111. two or more elements combined 112. all atoms the same 113. composition definite Match each item with the correct statement below. a. quark d. energy levels b. electron cloud e. nucleus c. isotopes 114. Where most of the mass of an atom is located Where electrons are located in every atom The area where electrons are most likely to form What carbon-12 and carbon-14 are The smallest part in an atom.

12 119. metalloids 120. metals 121. nonmetals 122. proton 123. neutron 124. electron Match each item with the correct term. a. boron and silicon, for example c. iron, zinc, and copper, for example b. oxygen, bromine, and carbon, for example Match each item with the correct term. a. positive charge c. no charge b. negative charge Match each symbol or formula with the correct element or compound. a. O 2 c. CO b. CO 2 d. C 125. carbon 126. oxygen 127. carbon monoxide 128. carbon dioxide 129. alkali metal 130. iron triad 131. halogens 132. noble gases 133. boron group 134. carbon group 135. nitrogen group 136. oxygen group Match each of the families listed below with the types of elements each contains. There may be more than one answer for each group, and each answer can be used more than once. a. metal c. metalloid b. nonmetal d. diatomic molecule

13 Short Answer 137. What is the atomic mass of hafnium if 5% have mass 176, 19% have mass 177, 27% have mass 178, 14% have mass 179, and 35% have mass 180.0? 138. Iron (III) Chloride 139. Lead (IV) Bromide 140. Sodium Carbonate 141. Ammonium Nitrate 142. Iron (II) Nitrate 143. Calcium Chlorate 144. Carbon Disulfide 145. Diarsenic trisulfide 146. Sulfur dichloride Name the following compounds (NH 4 ) 2 CO Mg(NO 3 ) Ba 3 (PO 4 ) S 2 Cl CS P 4 O Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 5H 2