ICP Final Exam Review - Part 1

Transcription

1 ICP Final Exam Review - Part 1 Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. A binary compound is one that is composed of two elements. 2. The breaking of a glass window is a physical change. 3. Elements can unite chemically to form compounds. 4. A suspension is a homogeneous mixture. 5. The properties of a compound are the same as the properties of the elements making up the compound. 6. The formula SO stands for ammonium. 7. Smoke is a compound. 8. A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily is called a homogeneous mixture. 9. An ion is a substance in which the atoms of two or more elements are combined in a fixed proportion. 10. The identity of an element is determined by the number of protons. 11. When atoms gain or lose electrons, the charged particles that result are called molecules. 12. Colloids and solutions scatter light. 13. If all the atoms in a substance have the same identity, that substance is a compound. 14. Two isotopes of carbon are carbon-12 and carbon-14. These isotopes differ from one another by two electrons. 15. Seven electrons in the outermost energy level is characteristic of a metal. 16. Every object in the universe is composed of atoms. 17. The number of protons in an atom is the mass number. 18. Molecules are neutral. 19. Color is a physical property. 20. Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. 21. A fruit salad is a homogeneous mixture. 22. A substance can be separated into simpler parts through differences in physical properties.

2 23. Metals are poor conductors of electricity. 24. The chart showing the classifications of elements according to their properties and increasing atomic numbers is called the periodic table. 25. The symbol for chlorine is C. 26. The central core of an atom is called the hub. 27. Elements arranged in vertical columns in the periodic table are called periods. 28. The elements in group 1 of the periodic table are the alkali metals. 29. A substance is a type of matter without a fixed composition. 30. The region around the nucleus occupied by the electrons is called the negative zone. 31. Substances are either elements or mixtures. 32. The atomic number of an atom is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus. 33. The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of all substances before a chemical change equals the mass of all the substances after the change. 34. Colloids are mixtures. 35. The mass of an electron is about equal to the mass of a proton. 36. A heterogeneous mixture contains two or more gaseous, liquid, or solid substances blended evenly throughout. 37. The area around the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found is called the electron chamber. 38. The freezing of water is a chemical change. 39. The odor of a substance is a physical property. 40. Elements having three or fewer electrons in the outer energy level are classified as nonmetals. 41. A covalent bond is the force of attraction between the opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound. 42. Potassium oxide is a polyatomic ion. 43. When a firecracker explodes, mass is lost. 44. As you move from left to right in a row of the periodic table, metallic properties increase.

3 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A(n) is a mixture that does not scatter light. a. suspension c. element b. colloid d. solution 2. A(n) is matter that is composed of one type of atom. a. compound c. mixture b. molecule d. element 3. Matter in which the particles are free to move in all directions until they have spread evenly throughout their container is a. a. gas c. plasma b. solid d. liquid 4. Elements in groups 3 through 12 are called. a. isotopes c. transition elements b. noble gases d. metalloids 5. When gasoline is burned in an engine,. a. new substances are formed c. mass is gained b. gasoline evaporates d. mass is lost 6. How many hydrogen atoms are present in one molecule of ammonium acetate, NH4C2H3O2? a. 7 c. 4 b. 11 d Protons have charge. a. variable c. positive b. negative d. no 8. Three transition elements in Group 12 of the periodic table are _. a. mercury, zinc, and cadmium c. neon, helium, and xeon b. copper, silver, and gold d. iron, nickel, and cobalt 9. The elements that make up a compound and the number of atoms of each element in a unit of the compound can be shown in a. a. subscript c. chemical symbol b. chemical formula d. subscript 10. The temperature at which a solid begins to liquefy is its point. a. boiling c. freezing b. mass d. melting 11. A chemical tells what elements a compound contains and the exact number of the atoms of each element in a unit of that compound. a. chart c. table b. dot diagram d. formula 12. Elements in Groups 3 through 12 on the periodic table are known as _ elements. a. noble c. transition b. radioactive d. gaseous 13. A certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. Its mass number is. a. 56 c. 30

4 b. 52 d Elements that lie along the bold line of the periodic table are _. a. metals c. liquids b. metalloids d. radioactive 15. When two or more substances are combined so that each substance maintains its own properties, the result is a(n). a. mixture c. compound b. element d. chemical change 16. A group of elements that have two electrons in its outer energy level is the. a. alkali metals c. actinides b. halogens d. alkaline earth metals 17. The scattering of light by colloids is called. a. conservation c. the Tyndall effect b. air pollution d. suspension 18. Ice is an example of matter in the state. a. liquid c. gaseous b. solid d. plasma 19. What is the name of a binary compound made up of lithium and chlorine? a. lithium chloride c. chloride lithium b. chlorine lithiate d. lithium chlorate 20. Hydrogen is grouped with the alkali metals because it _. a. it is a gas c. has one electron in its outer energy level b. is a metal d. does not readily form compounds 21. Neutrons have charge. a. positive c. negative b. no d. variable 22. In the gaseous state _ form diatomic covalent molecules. a. halogens c. alkali metals b. alkaline earth metals d. noble gases 23. Bromine is the only halogen and nonmetal that is a _ at room temperature. a. semiconductor c. solid b. gas d. liquid 24. Matter with no definite volume and no definite shape is a. a. liquid c. plasma b. solid d. gas 25. The sum of the ion charges in a neutral compound is always. a. a negative number c. a positive number b. zero d. one 26. H2O is also known as. a. nickel c. carbon b. water d. mercury 27. The process for separating substances in a mixture by evaporating a liquid and recondensing its vapor is called. a. distribution c. distillation

5 b. sifting d. precipitation 28. A chemical symbol represents the of an element. a. structure c. name b. type d. reaction 29. is another name for a homogeneous mixture. a. Liquid c. Solution b. Substance d. Suspension 30. Three examples of physical changes are. a. boiling of water, bursting of a balloon, and melting of a candle b. freezing of water, evaporation of gasoline, and rusting of a nail c. burning of gasoline, rotting of an egg, and exploding of fireworks d. sawing of wood, crushing of a can, and toasting a marshmallow 31. Any element with an atomic number greater than 92 is a _. a. halogen c. transuranium element b. lanthanide d. transition element 32. Any characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the identity of the substances that make the material is a(n). a. invisible property c. chemical property b. physical property d. none of these 33. A change in size, shape, or state of matter is called a(n) change. a. atomic c. impossible b. physical d. chemical 34. At room temperature, most metals are _. a. gases c. radioactive b. solids d. liquids 35. The nucleus of an atom is charged. a. variably c. negatively b. positively d. none of these 36. A(n) is a homogeneous mixture of particles so small they cannot be seen without microscopes and will never settle to the bottom of their container. a. element c. solution b. molecule d. plasma 37. What kind of chemical bond is formed when electrons are transferred from atom to atom? a. magnetic c. covalent b. ionic d. hydrate 38. Determine the charge of the phosphate ion in K3PO4. a. 3- c. 1+ b. 7 d Copper, sulfur, and oxygen are examples of. a. colloids c. mixtures b. elements d. compounds 40. The only metal that is a liquid at room temperature is _. a. mercury c. silver b. zinc d. sodium

6 41. A(n) is a mixture that settles upon standing. a. element c. colloid b. suspension d. solution 42. A charged particle is known as a(n). a. plasma c. ion b. gas d. neutron 43. A(n) _ element is one in which the nucleus breaks down and gives off particles and energy. a. metallic c. stable b. gaseous d. radioactive 44. Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is a. a. liquid c. solid b. plasma d. gas 45. Determine the correct name for K2SO4. a. potassium(ii) sulfate c. potassium sulfate b. potassium disulfide d. potassium sulfide 46. When metals combine with nonmetals, the atoms of the metals tend to lose electrons, forming _ bonds. a. unbreakable c. triple b. covalent d. ionic 47. About elements are found on Earth. a c. 90 b. 9 d Substances that conduct an electric current only under certain conditions are most likely to be. a. metals c. nonmetals b. noble gases d. metalloids 49. The color of ink is a. a. physical property c. chemical change b. physical change d. chemical property 50. What is the name of the compound with the formula NaCl? a. sodium dichloride c. sodium chlorate b. chlorine sodiate d. sodium chloride 51. Why do the noble gases not form compounds readily? a. Their outer energy levels are completely filled with electrons. b. They have no electrons. c. They have empty outer energy levels. d. They have seven electrons in their outer energy levels. 52. The attraction between particles gives solids a definite. a. shape and position c. flow and radius b. shape and volume d. shape and color 53. What is the total number of atoms in the compound Ca(ClO3)2? a. 6 c. 9 b. 2 d Smoke is an example of a. a. solution c. colloid b. substance d. suspension

7 55. Each energy level of an atom has a maximum number of it can hold. a. quarks c. neutrons b. electrons d. protons 56. The process by which a solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid is called _. a. ionization c. condensation b. sublimination d. evaporation 57. What the correct formula for magnesium oxide is. a. Mg2O c. MgO2 b. MgO d. Mg 2 O The two rows of elements that seem to be disconnected from the rest of the periodic table are the _. a. noble gases c. halogens b. nonmetals d. inner transition metals 59. _ is the only metal that is not solid at room temperature. a. Steel c. Aluminum b. Mercury d. Copper 60. The smallest piece of an element that still retains the properties of the element is a(n). a. plasma c. compound b. molecule d. atom 61. Matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape is a. a. solid c. gas b. liquid d. plasma 62. Electrons have charge. a. no c. negative b. positive d. variable 63. All substances are built from. a. oxygen c. atoms b. metals d. compound 64. The charge of an ion is shown with a. a. negative number c. subscript b. positive number d. superscript 65. The particles that make up a solid move than do the particles that make up a gas. a. more quickly c. in the same way b. more slowly d. more quickly and farther 66. How many electrons are needed in the outer energy levels of most atoms for the atom to be chemically stable? a. 4 c. 8 b. 6 d A group of atoms that acts together as one charged atom is a. a. crystal c. polyatomic ion b. negative ion d. molecule 68. In chemical formulas, the number of atoms in a unit of the compound is shown by numbers called. a. subscripts c. oxidation numbers b. hydrates d. superscripts

8 69. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called. a. radioactive c. metalloids b. transition elements d. isotopes 70. A(n) is not homogeneous. a. suspension c. compound b. solution d. element 71. The elements in Groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table are the. a. transition elements c. lanthanides b. noble gases d. actinides 72. Metals can be used as wire because they are _. a. malleble c. shinny b. ductile d. alloys 73. Horizontal rows of the periodic table are called. a. periods c. clusters b. families d. groups 74. The ability of metals to reflect light is referred to as _. a. ductility c. conductivity b. mallebility d. luster Completion Complete each statement. 1. A(n) molecule consists of two atoms of the same element in a covalent bond. 2. The law that describes the relationship between the mass of substances entering into a chemical reaction and the mass of substances resulting from that reaction is known as. 3. A(n) element is one in which the nucleus breaks down and gives off particles and energy. 4. The elements in group 1 of the periodic table are the metals. 5. The resistance of diamond (a form of carbon) to corrosion is a property. 6. Elements can unite chemically to form. 7. Electrons have charge. 8. A mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily is called a mixture. 9. Any type of matter with a fixed composition is called a. 10. Ions containing more than one atom are called ions. 11. The scattering of light by colloidal particles is called the effect 12. A chemical is the force that holds atoms together in a compound. 13. A(n) is matter that is composed of one type of atom.

9 14. The temperature at which a solid begins to liquefy is its point 15. When sugar and sand are mixed together, the properties of the final substances are to those of the beginning substances. 16. The particles that make up all matter are called. 17. Matter is classified as and mixtures 18. A is a mixture that does not scatter light. 19. The of an atom is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus. 20. Compounds are electrically. 21. The ability to flow is a property of liquids. 22. can form ionic and covalent bonds with other elements and can have metallic and nonmetallic properties. 23. The nucleus of an atom is charged. 24. The mass number minus the atomic number equals the number of. 25. Elements having more than 92 protons are called elements. 26. The horizontal rows in the periodic table are called. 27. A is one that is composed of two elements. 28. Smog is a colloid, so the effect says smoke will scatter light. 29. A colloid is a mixture 30. A chemical tells what elements a compound contains and the exact number of the atoms of each element in a unit of that compound. 31. Are the noble gases stable or unstable? 32. A(n) is the force of attraction between the opposite charges of the ions in an ionic compound. 33. A(n) is a homogeneous mixture of particles so small they cannot be seen without microscopes and will never settle to the bottom of their container 34. Neutrons have charge. 35. The two rows of elements that seem to be disconnected from the rest of the periodic table are the. 36. A change in size, shape, or state of matter is called a(n) change. 37. The resistance to flow by a fluid is called.

10 38. The smallest piece of an element that still retains the properties of the element is a(n). 39. Protons have charge. 40. Heat, cooling, or the formation of bubbles suggest that a is taking place. 41. A is a mixture that settles upon standing. 42. Are metals poor or good conductors of electricity? 43. Elements in Groups 3 through 12 on the periodic table are known as _ elements. 44. In the periodic table, the elements are arranged by increasing and by changes in physical and chemical properties. 45. A is a substance in which the atoms of two or more elements are combined in a fixed proportion. 46. The attraction between particles gives solids a definite and. 47. When metals combine with nonmetals the atoms of the metals tend to lose electrons, forming bonds. 48. A charged particle is known as a(n). 49. The vertical columns in the periodic table are called. 50. Ice is an example of matter in the state. 51. Iron, cobalt, and nickel are known as. 52. The area around the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found is called the. 53. Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called. 54. is the only metal that is not solid at room temperature. 55. A mixture contains two or more gaseous, liquid, or solid substances blended evenly throughout. 56. The ability of some solids to change directly from a solid to a gas is a property. 57. The number of protons in an atom is the. Matching Match each item with the correct term. a. boron and silicon, for example b. oxygen, bromine, and carbon, for example c. iron, zinc, and copper, for example

11 1. nonmetals 2. metalloids 3. metals Match each item with the correct term. a. positive charge b. negative charge c. no charge 4. proton 5. electron 6. neutron Match each item with the correction description below. a. the actinide series b. calcium c. tungsten 7. a transition element 8. an alkaline earth metal 9. inner transition metals Match the properties with their characteristics. a. lustrous b. malleble c. ductile 10. can be drawn into wires 11. can be hammered or rolled into sheets 12. reflects light Short Answer 1. For each chemical family listed below, list all of the types of elements that the family contains. M = metal Md = metalloid N = nonmetal D = exist as diatomic molecules a. boron b. carbon c. nitrogen d. oxygen e. halogens f. noble gases

12 2. How are the hydrogen atom and the lithium atom similar? 3. What is the atomic number of hydrogen? Of lithium? 4. Identify each item on the left as either a physical change or a chemical change. a. A tree is cut down. b. Parts of a tree are made into a table. c. A tree is turned into sawdust. d. The snow on a tree melts. e. A tree burns down. 5. What is the name of the compound with the formula MgCl2? 6. Iron and oxygen form rust. Compare the mass of iron and oxygen before the reaction with the mass of rust resulting from the reaction. 7. How could you separate a mixture of sand and sugar?

13 8. You are given a flask that contains 250 ml of a clear brown liquid. You shine a light through the liquid and no light beam is visible. In the following list of items, write yes if that item could define the liquid. Write no if that item could not be a valid inference. a. substance b. colloid c. solution of a solid in a liquid d. suspension e. solution of a liquid in a liquid 9. What is a colloid? 10. Write the name for MgS. 11. What is the name of the compound with the formula CaO? 12. Write the name for CuCl. 13. Write the name for CaBr Write the formula for copper(i) sulfide. 15. Write the formula for calcium oxide. 16. Write the formula for calcium chloride.

14 17. In the concept map below, write the correct terms in the spaces provided. 18. Contrast a solution and a colloid. 19. What are the three assumptions of the kinetic theory? 20. List two physical properties of metallic copper. 21. Complete the paragraph by filling in the blanks. Elements that are in the same a. have the same number of electrons in their outer b.. These outer electrons are so important in determining the chemical c. of an element that a special way to represent them has been developed. A(n) d. _ uses the symbol of the element and dots to represent the electrons in the outer e..

15 Problem 1. Use the terms definite, not definite, close together, and spread apart to complete the table below. 2. Complete the following table. The atomic number of hydrogen is 1. From the completed table, what is unusual about the structure of hydrogen-1?