Solar Cells Optical Nanomaterials Photodetectors

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1 Vol. 29 No. 7 February Vol. 27 No. 8 February Solar Cells Nanophotonic contacts, which increase the efficiency of ultrathin CuIn 1 x Ga x Se 2 (CIGSe) solar cells by guiding solar photons into the semiconductor layer where they can be absorbed and converted into useful energy, are developed by Martina Schmid and co-workers in article number The new contact, consisting of a silica nanoparticle array on indium tin oxide, works by providing extra momentum to photons near the bandgap, while simultaneously improving electrical transport at the back contact. Cover image designed in collaboration with Ricardo Struik. Advanced Materials has been bringing you the best in materials research for over twenty years. With its increased ISI Impact Factor of , Advanced Materials is one of the most influential journals in the field. Publishing every week, Advanced Materials now brings you even more of the latest results at the cutting edge of materials science. Optical Nanomaterials In article number , Andrea Fratalocchi, Federico Capasso, and co-workers introduce a novel class of network metamaterials, whose functionality is controlled by the connectivity among heterogeneous subwavelength components within a complex network. Using theory and experiments in dealloyed metallic nanowire networks, it is shown how the network connectivity supports the formation of a tunable absorbing state, which is deterministically controllable and originates in regions that are only a few nanometers thick. Photodetectors Broadband high responsivity photodetectors based on large scale topological crystalline insulator SnTe ultrathin film grown by molecular beam epitaxy are fabricated by Tian Jiang, Xiang ai Cheng, and co-workers in article number The photoconductive detectors exhibit fast and stable photoresponses from the visible to mid-infrared range (405 nm 3.8 μm) and high responsibility (3.75 AW 1 at 2003 nm at room temperature), which will promote applications in broadband and sensitive optoelectronic devices. Entering its second decade as a top tier materials science journal, Advanced Functional Materials reports breakthrough research in all aspects of materials science, including nanotechnology, chemistry, physics, and biology. Advanced Functional Materials is known for its rapid and fair peer review, quality content, and high impact (2015 IF: ), making it the first choice of the international materials science community WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim wileyonlinelibrary.com (1 of 5)

2 Progress Report Biophotonics C. J. Chandler, B. D. Wilts, J. Brodie,* S. Vignolini* Structural Color in Marine Algae Marine algae feature complex photonic structures to manage and reflect incident light. Here, the photonic mechanisms of these marine plants is reviewed and the geographical distribution, ecology and phylogenetic placement of structurally colored brown algae is discussed as well as their general influence on the global marine ecosystem. COMMUNICATIONS Optical Nanomaterials H. Galinski, A. Fratalocchi,* M. Döbeli, F. Capasso* Light Manipulation in Metallic Nanowire Networks with Functional Connectivity Guided by ideas from complex systems, a new class of network metamaterials is introduced for light manipulation, which are based on the functional connectivity among heterogeneous subwavelength components arranged in complex networks. The model system is a nanonetwork formed by dealloying a metallic thin film. The connectivity of the network is deterministically controlled, enabling the formation of tunable absorbing states. Optoelectronic Properties Q. Zhang, X. N. Xing, X. Zhou, X. Xiong, T. Y. Zhai* Stoichiometric Effect on Optoelectronic Properties of Composition-Tunable CdS 1 x Se x Nanowires Uniform growth of composition-tunable 1D CdS 1 x Se x nanostructures without any phase segregation in these stoichiometric composition domains is reported. The samples have low current responsivity and a smaller exponent for samples with an S/Se ratio close to 1:1. These results provide a route to design optoelectronic features by manipulating the alloy composition in nanostructures to achieve optimal device performance. Single-Photon Emission T. T. Tran,* S. Choi, J. A. Scott, Z.-Q. Xu, C. Zheng, G. Seniutinas, A. Bendavid, M. S. Fuhrer, M. Toth, I. Aharonovich Room-Temperature Single-Photon Emission from Oxidized Tungsten Disulfide Multilayers Robust quantum emitters fabricated by thermal oxidation of tungsten disulfide multilayers are reported. The emitters show robust, optically stable, linearly polarized luminescence at room temperature, can be modeled using a three-level system, and exhibit moderate bunching. Overall, the results provide important insights into understanding of defect formation and quantum emitter activation in two-dimensional materials (2 of 5) wileyonlinelibrary.com 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

3 Soft-imprinted SiO x photonic nanoparticles are integrated at the CuIn 1 x Ga x Se 2 (CIGSe)/indium tin oxide (ITO) interface of CIGSe solar cells with an absorber thickness of only 390 nm. In conjunction with a Ag back reflector and an antireflection layer, the champion cell achieves a J sc of 34.0 ma cm 2, corresponding to 93% of the J sc reached by the thick world-record cell. Solar Cells G. Yin, M. W. Knight, M.-C. van Lare, M. M. Solà Garcia, A. Polman, M. Schmid* Optoelectronic Enhancement of Ultrathin CuIn 1 x Ga x Se 2 Solar Cells by Nanophotonic Contacts An extremely low amplified spontaneous emission threshold (700 W cm 2 ) is reported in sublimation-grown single crystals of bifluorene compounds. Such low thresholds are found to originate from high radiative rates ( s 1 ), absence of excited-state absorption in the gain region, and favorable orientation of transition dipole moments accompanied by excellent waveguiding properties of the single crystals. Organic Lasers G. Kreiza, P. Baronas, E. Radiunas, P. Adomėnas, O. Adomėnienė, K. Kazlauskas,* J.-C. Ribierre, C. Adachi, S. Juršėnas Bifluorene Single Crystals with Extremely Low-Threshold Amplified Spontaneous Emission New electro-optic salt crystals introducing electron-rich naphthalene-sulfonate into anions instead of conventional benzene-sulfonate exhibit highly efficient and broadband terahertz wave generation based on the wavelength of technologically important Ti:sapphire laser. Nonlinear Optics S.-C. Lee, B. J. Kang, M.-J. Koo, S.-H. Lee, J.-H. Han, J.-Y. Choi, W. T. Kim, M. Jazbinsek, H. Yun, D. Kim, F. Rotermund,* O.-P. Kwon* New Electro-Optic Salt Crystals for Efficient Terahertz Wave Generation by Direct Pumping at Ti:Sapphire Wavelength How to contact us: Editorial Office: Phone: (+49) /432 Fax: (+49) advopticalmat@wiley-vch.de Reprints: advopticalmat@wiley-vch.de Copyright Permission: Fax: (+49) rights@wiley-vch.de 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim wileyonlinelibrary.com (3 of 5)

4 Light Trapping B. Ai, P. Gu, Z. Wang, H. Möhwald, L. Wang, G. Zhang* Light Trapping in Plasmonic Nanovessels Inverse hollow nanocone array films with minimized substrate effect are designed to make light experience multiple internal reflections in the cavity of the hollow nanocones and strong coupling to the surface plasmon of the nanostructure, leading to strong light trapping and enhanced electric fields confined in the cavity. Afterglow Emission S. Hirata,* M. Vacha White Afterglow Room-Temperature Emission from an Isolated Single Aromatic Unit under Ambient Condition White afterglow room-temperature (RT) emission is demonstrated from isolated single aromatic unit in air. Large 2D planer aromatic cyclic structure doped into a rigid matrix allows for a blue-green afterglow thermally activated delayed fluorescence as well as a red afterglow phosphorescence at RT. This results in the white afterglow RT emission with a quantum efficiency of 2.6% and a lifetime of 3.9 s. Plasmonic Tweezers Z. Yan, M. Xia, P. Zhang, Y.-H. Xie* Self-Aligned Trapping and Detecting Molecules Using a Plasmonic Tweezer with an Integrated Electrostatic Cell A self-aligned trapping method of single molecules is demonstrated by combining a plasmonic tweezer and electrostatic force. A unique graphene Au pyramid platform is employed to induce plasmonic tweezer effect and used for label-free detection of the molecules. This method offers a realistic possibility for precisely positional control of single biomolecules, and allows the study of their properties. Photothermal Processes S. Ishii,* K. Chen, H. Okuyama, T. Nagao Resonant Optical Absorption and Photothermal Process in High Refractive Index Germanium Nanoparticles Electromagnetic mode analysis on a nanoparticle reveals that large refractive index of germanium nanoparticle is ideal to excite Mie resonance and generate heat. In experiment, germanium nanoparticles are successfully fabricated by reactive thermal arc plasma method. When water containing germanium nanoparticle is illuminated by sunlight, water heating rate and vaporization rate improve the photothermal effect of germanium nanoparticles (4 of 5) wileyonlinelibrary.com 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

5 Arrays of sub-micrometer-sized cyanine dye droplets are formed on substrates by a dewetting process. Depending on the droplets dimensions, scattering follows the behavior of one of three different extinction regimes. The new extinction features originate from the enhancement of light scattering at the absorption edge of the dye, where strong variations of the refractive index occur. Light Scattering N. A. Leclaire, F. Boudoire, E. Hack, R. Brönnimann, F. A. Nüesch, J. Heier* Light Scattering Enhancement at the Absorption Edge in Dewetting Droplets of Cyanine Dyes Broadband high-responsivity photodetectors are fabricated by a simple molecular beam epitaxy process from SnTe ultrathin films. The photoconductive detectors exhibit a fast and stable photoresponse from the visible to the midinfrared range (405 nm 3.8 µm) with a relatively high responsivity (3.75 AW 1 at 2003 nm and room temperature), which will promote the applications of broadband and sensitive optoelectronic devices. Photodetectors T. Jiang,* Y. Zang, H. Sun, X. Zheng, Y. Liu, Y. Gong, L. Fang, X. Cheng,* K. He Broadband High-Responsivity Photodetectors Based on Large-Scale Topological Crystalline Insulator SnTe Ultrathin Film Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim wileyonlinelibrary.com (5 of 5)