Optics, Light and Lasers

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Optics, Light and Lasers"

Transcription

1 Dieter Meschede Optics, Light and Lasers The Practical Approach to Modern Aspects of Photonics and Laser Physics Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition BICENTENNIAL.... n 4 '':- t' $W1LEY 2007 tri ni, 4 r BICENTENNIAL WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

2 v I Contents Preface IX 1 Light rays Light rays in human experience / 1.2 Ray optics Reflection Refraction Fermat's principle: the optical path length Prisms Light rays in wave guides Lenses and curved mirrors Matrix optics Ray optics and particle optics 27 Problems for chapter Wave optics Electromagnetic radiation fields Wave types Gaussian beams Polariation Diffraction 60 Problems for chapter Light propagation in matter Dielectric interfaces Complex refractive index Optical wave guides and fibres Functional types and applications of optical fibres Photonic materials Light pulses in dispersive materials 116 Optics, Light and Lasers: The Practical Approach to Modern Aspects of Photonics and Laser Physics, Second Edition. Dieter Meschede Copyright 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

3 VI I Contents 3.7 Anisotropic optical materials Optical modulators 135 Problems for chapter Optical images The human eye Magnifying glass and eyepiece Microscopes Telescopes Lenses: designs and aberrations 165 Problems for chapter Coherence and interferometry Young's double slit Coherence and correlation The double-slit experiment Michelson interferometer: longitudinal coherence Fabry Perot interferometer Optical cavities Thin optical films Holography Laser speckle (laser granulation) 215 Problems for chapter Light and matter Classical radiation interaction Two-level atoms Stimulated and spontaneous radiation processes Inversion and amplification 248 Problems for chapter The laser The classic system: the He Ne laser Mode selection in the He Ne laser Spectral properties of the He Ne laser Applications of the He Ne laser Other gas lasers Molecular gas lasers The workhorses: solid-state lasers Selected solid-state lasers Tunable lasers with vibronic states Tunable ring lasers 293 Problems for chapter 7 295

4 Contents IVII 8 Laser dynamics Basic laser theory Laser rate equations Threshold-less lasers and micro-lasers Laser noise Pulsed lasers 320 Problems for chapter Semiconductor lasers Semiconductors Optical properties of semiconductors The heterostructure laser Dynamic properties of semiconductor lasers Laser diodes, diode lasers, laser systems High-power laser diodes 366 Problems for chapter Sensors for light Characteristics of optical detectors Fluctuating opto-electronic quantities Photon noise and detectivity limits Thermal detectors Quantum sensors I: photomultiplier tubes Quantum sensors II: semiconductor sensors Position and image sensors 396 Problems for chapter Laser spectroscopy Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) Absorption and dispersion The width of spectral lines Doppler-free spectroscopy Transient phenomena Light forces 424 Problems for chapter Photons an introduction to quantum optics Does light exhibit quantum character? Quantiation of the electromagnetic field Spontaneous emission Weak coupling and strong coupling Resonance fluorescence 454

5 VIIil Contents 12.6 Light fields in quantum optics Two-photon optics Entangled photons 478 Problems for chapter Nonlinear optics I: optical mixing processes Charged anharmonic oscillators Second-order nonlinear susceptibility Wave propagation in nonlinear media Frequency doubling Sum and difference frequency Optical parametric oscillators 515 Problems for chapter Nonlinear optics II: four-wave mixing Frequency tripling in gases Nonlinear refraction coefficient (optical Kerr effect) Self-phase modulation 531 Problems for chapter Appendix A Mathematics for optics 533 A.1 Spectral analysis of fluctuating measurable quantities 533 A.2 Poynting theorem 539 B Supplements in quantum mechanics 541 B.1 Temporal evolution of a two-state system 541 B.2 Density-matrix formalism 542 B.3 Density of states 543 Bibliography 545 Index 553

PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS

PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL OPTICS C. A. Bennett University of North Carolina At Asheville WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION CONTENTS Preface 1 The Physics of Waves 1 1.1 Introduction

More information

A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics

A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics Hans-A. Bachor and Timothy C. Ralph A Guide to Experiments in Quantum Optics Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag CmbH Co. KGaA Contents Preface 1 Introduction 1.1 Historical

More information

Lasers and Electro-optics

Lasers and Electro-optics Lasers and Electro-optics Second Edition CHRISTOPHER C. DAVIS University of Maryland III ^0 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Preface to the Second Edition page xv 1 Electromagnetic waves, light, and lasers 1

More information

PHYSICS 370 OPTICS. Instructor: Dr. Fred Otto Phone:

PHYSICS 370 OPTICS. Instructor: Dr. Fred Otto Phone: PHYSICS 370 OPTICS Instructor: Dr. Fred Otto Phone: 457-5854 Office: Pasteur 144 E-mail: fotto@winona.edu Text: F.L. Pedrotti, L.S. Pedrotti, and L.M. Pedrotti, Introduction to Optics, 3 rd Ed., 2000,

More information

Optics, Optoelectronics and Photonics

Optics, Optoelectronics and Photonics Optics, Optoelectronics and Photonics Engineering Principles and Applications Alan Billings Emeritus Professor, University of Western Australia New York London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore v Contents

More information

Light as Wave Motion p. 1 Huygens' Ideas p. 2 Newton's Ideas p. 8 Complex Numbers p. 10 Simple Harmonic Motion p. 11 Polarized Waves in a Stretched

Light as Wave Motion p. 1 Huygens' Ideas p. 2 Newton's Ideas p. 8 Complex Numbers p. 10 Simple Harmonic Motion p. 11 Polarized Waves in a Stretched Introduction p. xvii Light as Wave Motion p. 1 Huygens' Ideas p. 2 Newton's Ideas p. 8 Complex Numbers p. 10 Simple Harmonic Motion p. 11 Polarized Waves in a Stretched String p. 16 Velocities of Mechanical

More information

Laser Physics OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS SIMON HOOKER COLIN WEBB. and. Department of Physics, University of Oxford

Laser Physics OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS SIMON HOOKER COLIN WEBB. and. Department of Physics, University of Oxford Laser Physics SIMON HOOKER and COLIN WEBB Department of Physics, University of Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 The laser 1.2 Electromagnetic radiation in a closed cavity 1.2.1

More information

Physics of Light and Optics

Physics of Light and Optics Physics of Light and Optics Justin Peatross and Harold Stokes Brigham Young University Department of Physics and Astronomy All Publication Rights Reserved (2001) Revised April 2002 This project is supported

More information

Elements of Quantum Optics

Elements of Quantum Optics Pierre Meystre Murray Sargent III Elements of Quantum Optics Fourth Edition With 124 Figures fya Springer Contents 1 Classical Electromagnetic Fields 1 1.1 Maxwell's Equations in a Vacuum 2 1.2 Maxwell's

More information

LIST OF TOPICS BASIC LASER PHYSICS. Preface xiii Units and Notation xv List of Symbols xvii

LIST OF TOPICS BASIC LASER PHYSICS. Preface xiii Units and Notation xv List of Symbols xvii ate LIST OF TOPICS Preface xiii Units and Notation xv List of Symbols xvii BASIC LASER PHYSICS Chapter 1 An Introduction to Lasers 1.1 What Is a Laser? 2 1.2 Atomic Energy Levels and Spontaneous Emission

More information

A system of two lenses is achromatic when the separation between them is

A system of two lenses is achromatic when the separation between them is L e c t u r e 1 5 1 Eyepieces Single eye lens in a telescope / microscope produces spherical and chromatic aberrations. The field of view is also narrow. The eye lens is replaced by a system of lenses

More information

Optics.

Optics. Optics www.optics.rochester.edu/classes/opt100/opt100page.html Course outline Light is a Ray (Geometrical Optics) 1. Nature of light 2. Production and measurement of light 3. Geometrical optics 4. Matrix

More information

Introduction Fundamentals of laser Types of lasers Semiconductor lasers

Introduction Fundamentals of laser Types of lasers Semiconductor lasers Introduction Fundamentals of laser Types of lasers Semiconductor lasers Is it Light Amplification and Stimulated Emission Radiation? No. So what if I know an acronym? What exactly is Light Amplification

More information

Wolfgang Demtroder. Laser Spectroscopy. Basic Concepts and Instrumentation. Second Enlarged Edition With 644 Figures and 91 Problems.

Wolfgang Demtroder. Laser Spectroscopy. Basic Concepts and Instrumentation. Second Enlarged Edition With 644 Figures and 91 Problems. Wolfgang Demtroder Laser Spectroscopy Basic Concepts and Instrumentation Second Enlarged Edition With 644 Figures and 91 Problems Springer Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Absorption and Emission of Light

More information

Some Topics in Optics

Some Topics in Optics Some Topics in Optics The HeNe LASER The index of refraction and dispersion Interference The Michelson Interferometer Diffraction Wavemeter Fabry-Pérot Etalon and Interferometer The Helium Neon LASER A

More information

Quantum optics. Marian O. Scully Texas A&M University and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik. M. Suhail Zubairy Quaid-i-Azam University

Quantum optics. Marian O. Scully Texas A&M University and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik. M. Suhail Zubairy Quaid-i-Azam University Quantum optics Marian O. Scully Texas A&M University and Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik M. Suhail Zubairy Quaid-i-Azam University 1 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Preface xix 1 Quantum theory of radiation

More information

Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers

Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers John Carroll, James Whiteaway & Dick Plumb The Institution of Electrical Engineers SPIE Optical Engineering Press 1 Preface Acknowledgments Principal abbreviations

More information

L.A.S.E.R. LIGHT AMPLIFICATION. EMISSION of RADIATION

L.A.S.E.R. LIGHT AMPLIFICATION. EMISSION of RADIATION Lasers L.A.S.E.R. LIGHT AMPLIFICATION by STIMULATED EMISSION of RADIATION History of Lasers and Related Discoveries 1917 Stimulated emission proposed by Einstein 1947 Holography (Gabor, Physics Nobel Prize

More information

Nonlinear Optics. Second Editio n. Robert W. Boyd

Nonlinear Optics. Second Editio n. Robert W. Boyd Nonlinear Optics Second Editio n Robert W. Boyd Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition xiii xv 1. The Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility 1 1.1. Introduction to Nonlinear Optics 1 1.2.

More information

INTRODUCTION TO NONLINEAR OPTICAL EFFECTS IN MOLECULES AND POLYMERS

INTRODUCTION TO NONLINEAR OPTICAL EFFECTS IN MOLECULES AND POLYMERS INTRODUCTION TO NONLINEAR OPTICAL EFFECTS IN MOLECULES AND POLYMERS PARAS N. PRASAD Photonics Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry State University of New York Buffalo, New York and DAVID J. WILLIAMS

More information

Phys 531 Lecture 27 6 December 2005

Phys 531 Lecture 27 6 December 2005 Phys 531 Lecture 27 6 December 2005 Final Review Last time: introduction to quantum field theory Like QM, but field is quantum variable rather than x, p for particle Understand photons, noise, weird quantum

More information

Modern optics Lasers

Modern optics Lasers Chapter 13 Phys 322 Lecture 36 Modern optics Lasers Reminder: Please complete the online course evaluation Last lecture: Review discussion (no quiz) LASER = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of

More information

QUANTUM- CLASSICAL ANALOGIES

QUANTUM- CLASSICAL ANALOGIES D. Dragoman M. Dragoman QUANTUM- CLASSICAL ANALOGIES With 78 Figures ^Ü Springer 1 Introduction 1 2 Analogies Between Ballistic Electrons and Electromagnetic Waves 9 2.1 Analog Parameters for Ballistic

More information

Optical Systems Program of Studies Version 1.0 April 2012

Optical Systems Program of Studies Version 1.0 April 2012 Optical Systems Program of Studies Version 1.0 April 2012 Standard1 Essential Understand Optical experimental methodology, data analysis, interpretation, and presentation strategies Essential Understandings:

More information

Stimulated Emission Devices: LASERS

Stimulated Emission Devices: LASERS Stimulated Emission Devices: LASERS 1. Stimulated Emission and Photon Amplification E 2 E 2 E 2 hυ hυ hυ In hυ Out hυ E 1 E 1 E 1 (a) Absorption (b) Spontaneous emission (c) Stimulated emission The Principle

More information

Fiber Gratings p. 1 Basic Concepts p. 1 Bragg Diffraction p. 2 Photosensitivity p. 3 Fabrication Techniques p. 4 Single-Beam Internal Technique p.

Fiber Gratings p. 1 Basic Concepts p. 1 Bragg Diffraction p. 2 Photosensitivity p. 3 Fabrication Techniques p. 4 Single-Beam Internal Technique p. Preface p. xiii Fiber Gratings p. 1 Basic Concepts p. 1 Bragg Diffraction p. 2 Photosensitivity p. 3 Fabrication Techniques p. 4 Single-Beam Internal Technique p. 4 Dual-Beam Holographic Technique p. 5

More information

Lecture cycle: Spectroscopy and Optics

Lecture cycle: Spectroscopy and Optics Lecture cycle: Spectroscopy and Optics Thu. 13:00-15:00 / Room 1.003 15.11.2017 (Staudinger) Mischa Bonn Light-matter interaction overview I 30.11.2017 Mischa Bonn Light-matter interaction overview II

More information

The Plasma Phase. Chapter 1. An experiment - measure and understand transport processes in a plasma. Chapter 2. An introduction to plasma physics

The Plasma Phase. Chapter 1. An experiment - measure and understand transport processes in a plasma. Chapter 2. An introduction to plasma physics The Plasma Phase Chapter 1. An experiment - measure and understand transport processes in a plasma Three important vugraphs What we have just talked about The diagnostics Chapter 2. An introduction to

More information

Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits

Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits L. A. COLDREN S. W. CORZINE University of California Santa Barbara, California A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. NEW YORK / CHICHESTER

More information

OPTICS. Learning by Computing, with Examples Using Mathcad, Matlab, Mathematica, and Maple. K.D. Möller. Second Edition. With 308 Illustrations

OPTICS. Learning by Computing, with Examples Using Mathcad, Matlab, Mathematica, and Maple. K.D. Möller. Second Edition. With 308 Illustrations Optics OPTICS Learning by Computing, with Examples Using Mathcad, Matlab, Mathematica, and Maple Second Edition K.D. Möller With 308 Illustrations Includes CD-ROM With Mathcad Matlab Mathematica 123 K.D.

More information

ATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY

ATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY ALAN CORNEY ATOMIC AND LASER SPECTROSCOPY CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD 1977 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Planck's radiation law. 1 1.2. The photoelectric effect 4 1.3. Early atomic spectroscopy 5 1.4. The postulates

More information

(b) Spontaneous emission. Absorption, spontaneous (random photon) emission and stimulated emission.

(b) Spontaneous emission. Absorption, spontaneous (random photon) emission and stimulated emission. Lecture 10 Stimulated Emission Devices Lasers Stimulated emission and light amplification Einstein coefficients Optical fiber amplifiers Gas laser and He-Ne Laser The output spectrum of a gas laser Laser

More information

Homework 1. Property LASER Incandescent Bulb

Homework 1. Property LASER Incandescent Bulb Homework 1 Solution: a) LASER light is spectrally pure, single wavelength, and they are coherent, i.e. all the photons are in phase. As a result, the beam of a laser light tends to stay as beam, and not

More information

Optical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 37. Non-Linear Optical Glasses I - Fundamentals. Professor Rui Almeida

Optical and Photonic Glasses. Lecture 37. Non-Linear Optical Glasses I - Fundamentals. Professor Rui Almeida Optical and Photonic Glasses : Non-Linear Optical Glasses I - Fundamentals Professor Rui Almeida International Materials Institute For New Functionality in Glass Lehigh University Non-linear optical glasses

More information

FUNDAMENTALS OF POLARIZED LIGHT

FUNDAMENTALS OF POLARIZED LIGHT FUNDAMENTALS OF POLARIZED LIGHT A STATISTICAL OPTICS APPROACH Christian Brosseau University of Brest, France A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York - Chichester. Weinheim. Brisbane

More information

Wolfgang Demtroder. Molecular Physics. Theoretical Principles and Experimental Methods WILEY- VCH. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.

Wolfgang Demtroder. Molecular Physics. Theoretical Principles and Experimental Methods WILEY- VCH. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. Wolfgang Demtroder Molecular Physics Theoretical Principles and Experimental Methods WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA v Preface xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Short Historical Overview 2 1.2 Molecular

More information

Optical Spectroscopy of Advanced Materials

Optical Spectroscopy of Advanced Materials Phys 590B Condensed Matter Physics: Experimental Methods Optical Spectroscopy of Advanced Materials Basic optics, nonlinear and ultrafast optics Jigang Wang Department of Physics, Iowa State University

More information

A few Experimental methods for optical spectroscopy Classical methods Modern methods. Remember class #1 Generating fast LASER pulses

A few Experimental methods for optical spectroscopy Classical methods Modern methods. Remember class #1 Generating fast LASER pulses A few Experimental methods for optical spectroscopy Classical methods Modern methods Shorter class Remember class #1 Generating fast LASER pulses, 2017 Uwe Burghaus, Fargo, ND, USA W. Demtröder, Laser

More information

Introduction to Semiconductor Integrated Optics

Introduction to Semiconductor Integrated Optics Introduction to Semiconductor Integrated Optics Hans P. Zappe Artech House Boston London Contents acknowledgments reface itroduction Chapter 1 Basic Electromagnetics 1 1.1 General Relationships 1 1.1.1

More information

Lasers & Holography. Ulrich Heintz Brown University. 4/5/2016 Ulrich Heintz - PHYS 1560 Lecture 10 1

Lasers & Holography. Ulrich Heintz Brown University. 4/5/2016 Ulrich Heintz - PHYS 1560 Lecture 10 1 Lasers & Holography Ulrich Heintz Brown University 4/5/2016 Ulrich Heintz - PHYS 1560 Lecture 10 1 Lecture schedule Date Topic Thu, Jan 28 Introductory meeting Tue, Feb 2 Safety training Thu, Feb 4 Lab

More information

X-Rays From Laser Plasmas

X-Rays From Laser Plasmas X-Rays From Laser Plasmas Generation and Applications I. C. E. TURCU CLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK and J. B. DANCE JOHN WILEY & SONS Chichester New York Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto Contents

More information

Semiconductor Lasers II

Semiconductor Lasers II Semiconductor Lasers II Materials and Structures Edited by Eli Kapon Institute of Micro and Optoelectronics Department of Physics Swiss Federal Institute oftechnology, Lausanne OPTICS AND PHOTONICS ACADEMIC

More information

F. Elohim Becerra Chavez

F. Elohim Becerra Chavez F. Elohim Becerra Chavez Email:fbecerra@unm.edu Office: P&A 19 Phone: 505 277-2673 Lectures: Tuesday and Thursday, 9:30-10:45 P&A Room 184. Textbook: Laser Electronics (3rd Edition) by Joseph T. Verdeyen.

More information

MODERN OPTICS. P47 Optics: Unit 9

MODERN OPTICS. P47 Optics: Unit 9 MODERN OPTICS P47 Optics: Unit 9 Course Outline Unit 1: Electromagnetic Waves Unit 2: Interaction with Matter Unit 3: Geometric Optics Unit 4: Superposition of Waves Unit 5: Polarization Unit 6: Interference

More information

Liquid Crystals IAM-CHOON 1(1100 .,4 WILEY 2007 WILEY-INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION. 'i; Second Edition. n z

Liquid Crystals IAM-CHOON 1(1100 .,4 WILEY 2007 WILEY-INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION. 'i; Second Edition. n z Liquid Crystals Second Edition IAM-CHOON 1(1100.,4 z 'i; BICENTCNNIAL 1 8 0 7 WILEY 2007 DICENTENNIAL n z z r WILEY-INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION Contents Preface xiii Chapter 1.

More information

2426 Required Topics (May 4, 2012 draft) Halliday, FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS, 9e Required topics are in bold text. Optional topics are in normal text.

2426 Required Topics (May 4, 2012 draft) Halliday, FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS, 9e Required topics are in bold text. Optional topics are in normal text. 2426 Required Topics (May 4, 2012 draft) Halliday, FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS, 9e Required topics are in bold text. Optional topics are in normal text. Chapter 21 Electric Charge 21-1 What Is Physics? 21-2

More information

Astronomical Optics. Second Edition DANIEL J. SCHROEDER ACADEMIC PRESS

Astronomical Optics. Second Edition DANIEL J. SCHROEDER ACADEMIC PRESS Astronomical Optics Second Edition DANIEL J. SCHROEDER Professor of Physics and Astronomy, Emeritus Department of Physics and Astronomy Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin ACADEMIC PRESS A Harcourt Science

More information

QUESTION BANK IN PHYSICS

QUESTION BANK IN PHYSICS QUESTION BANK IN PHYSICS LASERS. Name some properties, which make laser light different from ordinary light. () {JUN 5. The output power of a given laser is mw and the emitted wavelength is 630nm. Calculate

More information

Mansoor Sheik-Bahae. Class meeting times: Mondays, Wednesdays 17:30-18:45 am; Physics and Astronomy, Room 184

Mansoor Sheik-Bahae. Class meeting times: Mondays, Wednesdays 17:30-18:45 am; Physics and Astronomy, Room 184 Mansoor Sheik-Bahae Office: Physics & Astronomy Rm. 1109 (North Wing) Phone: 277-2080 E-mail: msb@unm.edu To see me in my office, please make an appointment (call or email). Class meeting times: Mondays,

More information

JRE Group of Institutions ASSIGNMENT # 1 Special Theory of Relativity

JRE Group of Institutions ASSIGNMENT # 1 Special Theory of Relativity ASSIGNMENT # 1 Special Theory of Relativity 1. What was the objective of conducting the Michelson-Morley experiment? Describe the experiment. How is the negative result of the experiment interpreted? 2.

More information

Instructor: Welcome to. Phys 774: Principles of Spectroscopy. Fall How can we produce EM waves? Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation and Light

Instructor: Welcome to. Phys 774: Principles of Spectroscopy. Fall How can we produce EM waves? Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation and Light Welcome to Phys 774: Principles of Spectroscopy Fall 2007 Instructor: Andrei Sirenko Associate Professor at the Dept. of Physics, NJIT http://web.njit.edu/~sirenko 476 Tiernan Office hours: After the classes

More information

Contents Classical and Quantum Interference and Coherence Quantum Interference in Atomic Systems: Mathematical Formalism

Contents Classical and Quantum Interference and Coherence Quantum Interference in Atomic Systems: Mathematical Formalism 1 Classical and Quantum Interference and Coherence... 1 1.1 ClassicalInterferenceandOpticalInterferometers... 2 1.1.1 Young sdoubleslitinterferometer... 2 1.1.2 First-OrderCoherence... 4 1.1.3 WelcherWegProblem...

More information

A tutorial on meta-materials and THz technology

A tutorial on meta-materials and THz technology p.1/49 A tutorial on meta-materials and THz technology Thomas Feurer thomas.feurer@iap.unibe.ch Institute of Applied Physics Sidlerstr. 5, 3012 Bern Switzerland p.2/49 Outline Meta-materials Super-lenses

More information

F. Elohim Becerra Chavez

F. Elohim Becerra Chavez F. Elohim Becerra Chavez Email:fbecerra@unm.edu Office: P&A 19 Phone: 505 277-2673 Lectures: Monday and Wednesday, 5:30-6:45 pm P&A Room 184. Textbook: Many good ones (see webpage) Lectures follow order

More information

Figure 1 Relaxation processes within an excited state or the ground state.

Figure 1 Relaxation processes within an excited state or the ground state. Excited State Processes and Application to Lasers The technology of the laser (Light Amplified by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) was developed in the early 1960s. The technology is based on an understanding

More information

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 5. Chem 4631

Chemistry Instrumental Analysis Lecture 5. Chem 4631 Chemistry 4631 Instrumental Analysis Lecture 5 Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation High Intensities Narrow Bandwidths Coherent Outputs Applications CD/DVD Readers Fiber Optics Spectroscopy

More information

Laser Types Two main types depending on time operation Continuous Wave (CW) Pulsed operation Pulsed is easier, CW more useful

Laser Types Two main types depending on time operation Continuous Wave (CW) Pulsed operation Pulsed is easier, CW more useful Main Requirements of the Laser Optical Resonator Cavity Laser Gain Medium of 2, 3 or 4 level types in the Cavity Sufficient means of Excitation (called pumping) eg. light, current, chemical reaction Population

More information

PS210 - Optical Techniques. Section VI

PS210 - Optical Techniques. Section VI PS210 - Optical Techniques Section VI Section I Light as Waves, Rays and Photons Section II Geometrical Optics & Optical Instrumentation Section III Periodic and Non-Periodic (Aperiodic) Waves Section

More information

Fundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing. Course Outline 2009

Fundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing. Course Outline 2009 Fundamentals of Spectroscopy for Optical Remote Sensing Course Outline 2009 Part I. Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics Chapter 1. Concepts of Quantum and Experimental Facts 1.1. Blackbody Radiation and

More information

THE OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF STELLAR PHOTOSPHERES

THE OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF STELLAR PHOTOSPHERES THE OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF STELLAR PHOTOSPHERES DAVID F. GRAY University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface to the first edition Preface to the

More information

Where are the Fringes? (in a real system) Div. of Amplitude - Wedged Plates. Fringe Localisation Double Slit. Fringe Localisation Grating

Where are the Fringes? (in a real system) Div. of Amplitude - Wedged Plates. Fringe Localisation Double Slit. Fringe Localisation Grating Where are the Fringes? (in a real system) Fringe Localisation Double Slit spatial modulation transverse fringes? everywhere or well localised? affected by source properties: coherence, extension Plane

More information

PY3101 Optics. Overview. A short history of optics Optical applications Course outline. Introduction: Overview. M.P. Vaughan

PY3101 Optics. Overview. A short history of optics Optical applications Course outline. Introduction: Overview. M.P. Vaughan Introduction: Overview M.P. Vaughan Overview A short history of optics Optical applications Course outline 1 A Short History of Optics A short history of optics Optics: historically the study of visible

More information

Model Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy

Model Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy Model Answer (Paper code: AR-7112) M. Sc. (Physics) IV Semester Paper I: Laser Physics and Spectroscopy Section I Q1. Answer (i) (b) (ii) (d) (iii) (c) (iv) (c) (v) (a) (vi) (b) (vii) (b) (viii) (a) (ix)

More information

DRONACHARYA COLLEGE OF ENEGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED SCEINCE AND HUMANITIES SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS: Unit-I. Chapter I: Interference

DRONACHARYA COLLEGE OF ENEGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED SCEINCE AND HUMANITIES SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS: Unit-I. Chapter I: Interference DRONACHARYA COLLEGE OF ENEGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED SCEINCE AND HUMANITIES SUBJECT: PHYSICS-I CODE: PHY-101-F SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS: Unit-I Chapter I: Interference 1. State the condition for sustained

More information

Chapter9. Amplification of light. Lasers Part 2

Chapter9. Amplification of light. Lasers Part 2 Chapter9. Amplification of light. Lasers Part 06... Changhee Lee School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National Univ. chlee7@snu.ac.kr /9 9. Stimulated emission and thermal radiation The

More information

Charge and Energy Transfer Dynamits in Molecular Systems

Charge and Energy Transfer Dynamits in Molecular Systems Volkhard May, Oliver Kühn Charge and Energy Transfer Dynamits in Molecular Systems Second, Revised and Enlarged Edition WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Contents 1 Introduction 19 2 Electronic

More information

MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY

MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY First Edition Jeanne L. McHale University of Idaho PRENTICE HALL, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 CONTENTS PREFACE xiii 1 INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW 1 1.1 Historical Perspective

More information

Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection

Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection James E. Turner Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection Third, Completely Revised and Enlarged Edition BICENTENNIAL J 0 1 8 0 Q 71 z m z CAVILEY 2007 1 ;Z z ü ; m r B10ENTENNIAL WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH

More information

Summer 2016 Written Comprehensive Exam Opti 501. System of units: MKSA

Summer 2016 Written Comprehensive Exam Opti 501. System of units: MKSA Summer 2016 Written Comprehensive Exam Opti 501 System of units: MKSA 3Pts 3Pts 4Pts A monochromatic plane electromagnetic wave propagates in free space along the -axis. The beam is linearly polarized

More information

B.Tech. First Semester Examination Physics-1 (PHY-101F)

B.Tech. First Semester Examination Physics-1 (PHY-101F) B.Tech. First Semester Examination Physics-1 (PHY-101F) Note : Attempt FIVE questions in all taking least two questions from each Part. All questions carry equal marks Part-A Q. 1. (a) What are Newton's

More information

The science of light. P. Ewart

The science of light. P. Ewart The science of light P. Ewart Lecture notes: On web site NB outline notes! Textbooks: Hecht, Klein and Furtak, Lipson, Lipson and Lipson, Optical Physics Brooker, Modern Classical Problems: Material for

More information

A small object is placed a distance 2.0 cm from a thin convex lens. The focal length of the lens is 5.0 cm.

A small object is placed a distance 2.0 cm from a thin convex lens. The focal length of the lens is 5.0 cm. TC [66 marks] This question is about a converging (convex) lens. A small object is placed a distance 2.0 cm from a thin convex lens. The focal length of the lens is 5.0 cm. (i) Deduce the magnification

More information

Highenergy Nuclear Optics of Polarized Particles

Highenergy Nuclear Optics of Polarized Particles Highenergy Nuclear Optics of Polarized Particles Vladimir G. Baryshevsky Research Institute for Nuclear Problems Belarusian State University 1> World Scientific NEW JERSEY LONDON SINGAPORE BEIJING SHANGHAI

More information

M.Sc. (Final) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY Second Year Physics

M.Sc. (Final) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY Second Year Physics Physics Paper - V : ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND MODERN OPTICS (DPHY 21) Answer any Five questions 1) Discuss the phenomenon of reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves at a plane interface between

More information

Summary of Beam Optics

Summary of Beam Optics Summary of Beam Optics Gaussian beams, waves with limited spatial extension perpendicular to propagation direction, Gaussian beam is solution of paraxial Helmholtz equation, Gaussian beam has parabolic

More information

Contents. Part I Fundamentals of Lasers 1 Introduction... 3

Contents. Part I Fundamentals of Lasers 1 Introduction... 3 Contents Part I Fundamentals of Lasers 1 Introduction... 3 2 Basic Optics... 9 2.1 Introduction...... 9 2.2 TheWaveEquation... 9 2.3 Linearly Polarized Waves.... 13 2.4 Circularly and Elliptically Polarized

More information

The science of light. P. Ewart

The science of light. P. Ewart The science of light P. Ewart Lecture notes: On web site NB outline notes! Textbooks: Hecht, Optics Lipson, Lipson and Lipson, Optical Physics Further reading: Brooker, Modern Classical Optics Problems:

More information

Lecture 0. NC State University

Lecture 0. NC State University Chemistry 736 Lecture 0 Overview NC State University Overview of Spectroscopy Electronic states and energies Transitions between states Absorption and emission Electronic spectroscopy Instrumentation Concepts

More information

Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fiber. Dr. Mohammad Faisal Assistant Professor Dept. of EEE, BUET

Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fiber. Dr. Mohammad Faisal Assistant Professor Dept. of EEE, BUET Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fiber Dr. Mohammad Faisal Assistant Professor Dept. of EEE, BUET Fiber Nonlinearities The response of any dielectric material to the light becomes nonlinear for intense electromagnetic

More information

Fundamentals of Modern Optics

Fundamentals of Modern Optics Script Fundamentals of Modern Optics, FSU Jena, Prof. T. Pertsch, FoMO_Script_2014-10-19s.docx 1 Fundamentals of Modern Optics Winter Term 2014/2015 Prof. Thomas Pertsch Abbe School of Photonics Friedrich-Schiller-Universität

More information

Principles of Lasers FIFTH EDITION

Principles of Lasers FIFTH EDITION Principles of Lasers FIFTH EDITION Principles of Lasers FIFTH EDITION Orazio Svelto Polytechnic Institute of Milan and National Research Council Milan, Italy Translated from Italian and edited by David

More information

Signal regeneration - optical amplifiers

Signal regeneration - optical amplifiers Signal regeneration - optical amplifiers In any atom or solid, the state of the electrons can change by: 1) Stimulated absorption - in the presence of a light wave, a photon is absorbed, the electron is

More information

Preview from Notesale.co.uk Page 1 of 38

Preview from Notesale.co.uk Page 1 of 38 F UNDAMENTALS OF PHOTONICS Module 1.1 Nature and Properties of Light Linda J. Vandergriff Director of Photonics System Engineering Science Applications International Corporation McLean, Virginia Light

More information

Interferometric. Gravitational Wav. Detectors. \p World Scientific. Fundamentals of. Peter R. Sawlson. Syracuse University, USA.

Interferometric. Gravitational Wav. Detectors. \p World Scientific. Fundamentals of. Peter R. Sawlson. Syracuse University, USA. SINGAPORE HONGKONG Fundamentals of Interferometric Gravitational Wav Detectors Second Edition Peter R. Sawlson Martin A. Pomerantz '37 Professor of Physics Syracuse University, USA \p World Scientific

More information

Wave Motion and Electromagnetic Radiation. Introduction Jan. 18, Jie Zhang

Wave Motion and Electromagnetic Radiation. Introduction Jan. 18, Jie Zhang Wave Motion and Electromagnetic Radiation Introduction Jan. 18, 2010 Jie Zhang PHYS 306 Spring, 2010 Introduction This class is about the physics of LIGHT. Textbook: Optics by Ghatak (2010) Content What

More information

PROBLEMS IN LASER PHYSICS

PROBLEMS IN LASER PHYSICS PROBLEMS IN LASER PHYSICS PROBLEMS IN LASER PHYSICS G. Cerullo, s. Longhi, M. Nisoli, s. Stagira, and o. Svelto Politecnico di Milano Milano, ltaly SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC Library of Congress

More information

Light as a Transverse Wave.

Light as a Transverse Wave. Waves and Superposition (Keating Chapter 21) The ray model for light (i.e. light travels in straight lines) can be used to explain a lot of phenomena (like basic object and image formation and even aberrations)

More information

II Relationship of Classical Theory to Quantum Theory A Quantum mean occupation number

II Relationship of Classical Theory to Quantum Theory A Quantum mean occupation number Appendix B Some Unifying Concepts Version 04.AppB.11.1K [including mostly Chapters 1 through 11] by Kip [This appendix is in the very early stages of development] I Physics as Geometry A Newtonian Physics

More information

PHYS 4 CONCEPT PACKET Complete

PHYS 4 CONCEPT PACKET Complete PHYS 4 CONCEPT PACKET Complete Written by Jeremy Robinson, Head Instructor Find Out More +Private Instruction +Review Sessions WWW.GRADEPEAK.COM Need Help? Online Private Instruction Anytime, Anywhere

More information

FIBER OPTICS. Prof. R.K. Shevgaonkar. Department of Electrical Engineering. Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. Lecture: 17.

FIBER OPTICS. Prof. R.K. Shevgaonkar. Department of Electrical Engineering. Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. Lecture: 17. FIBER OPTICS Prof. R.K. Shevgaonkar Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Lecture: 17 Optical Sources- Introduction to LASER Fiber Optics, Prof. R.K. Shevgaonkar,

More information

College Physics 10th edition

College Physics 10th edition College Physics 10th edition Raymond A. Serway and Chris Vuille Publisher: Cengage Learning Table of Contents PHY101 covers chapters 1-8 PHY102 covers chapters 9-25 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1: Standards

More information

Fundamentals of modern optics (2017/2018 WS)

Fundamentals of modern optics (2017/2018 WS) FoMO17_info_2017-10-10.docx 1 Fundamentals of modern optics (2017/2018 WS) by Prof. Thomas PERTSCH at Abbe School of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena in winter term 2017/2018 LECTURES: Monday,

More information

Astronomy. Optics and Telescopes

Astronomy. Optics and Telescopes Astronomy A. Dayle Hancock adhancock@wm.edu Small 239 Office hours: MTWR 10-11am Optics and Telescopes - Refraction, lenses and refracting telescopes - Mirrors and reflecting telescopes - Diffraction limit,

More information

What Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light

What Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light What Makes a Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Main Requirements of the Laser Laser Gain Medium (provides the light amplification) Optical Resonator Cavity (greatly increase

More information

Applications of lasers M. Rudan

Applications of lasers M. Rudan ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM LASER (Zanichelli, 1999), p. 17. HETEROSTRUCTURE LASER LASER (Zanichelli, 1999), p. 103. FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE (I) The laser emission is monochromatic and has a high brightness.

More information

Nanophysics: Main trends

Nanophysics: Main trends Nano-opto-electronics Nanophysics: Main trends Nanomechanics Main issues Light interaction with small structures Molecules Nanoparticles (semiconductor and metallic) Microparticles Photonic crystals Nanoplasmonics

More information

Physical Optics. Lecture 8: Laser Michael Kempe.

Physical Optics. Lecture 8: Laser Michael Kempe. Physical Optics Lecture 8: Laser 2018-12-13 Michael Kempe www.iap.uni-jena.de Physical Optics: Content 2 No Date Subject Ref Detailed Content 1 18.10. Wave optics G Complex fields, wave equation, k-vectors,

More information

Optics and Telescopes

Optics and Telescopes Optics and Telescopes Guiding Questions 1. Why is it important that telescopes be large? 2. Why do most modern telescopes use a large mirror rather than a large lens? 3. Why are observatories in such remote

More information

Introduction to Nonlinear Optics

Introduction to Nonlinear Optics Introduction to Nonlinear Optics Prof. Cleber R. Mendonca http://www.fotonica.ifsc.usp.br Outline Linear optics Introduction to nonlinear optics Second order nonlinearities Third order nonlinearities Two-photon

More information

PHY410 Optics Exam #3

PHY410 Optics Exam #3 PHY410 Optics Exam #3 NAME: 1 2 Multiple Choice Section - 5 pts each 1. A continuous He-Ne laser beam (632.8 nm) is chopped, using a spinning aperture, into 500 nanosecond pulses. Compute the resultant

More information