Trial Examination VCE Biology Unit 2. Written Examination. Question and Answer Booklet. Reading time: 15 minutes Writing time: 1 hour 30 minutes

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1 Trial Examination 2012 VCE Biology Unit 2 Written Examination Question and Answer Booklet Reading time: 15 minutes Writing time: 1 hour 30 minutes Student s Name: Teacher s Name: Structure of Booklet Section Number of questions Number of questions to be answered Number of marks A B Total 75 Students are permitted to bring into the examination room: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers, sharpeners and rulers. Students are NOT permitted to bring into the examination room: blank sheets of paper and/or white out liquid/tape. No calculator is allowed in this examination. Materials supplied Question and answer booklet of 17 pages. Answer sheet for multiple-choice questions. Instructions Write your name and teacher s name on this booklet and in the space provided on the answer sheet for multiple-choice questions. All written responses must be in English. At the end of the examination Place the answer sheet for multiple-choice questions inside the front cover of this booklet and hand them in. Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room. Neap Trial Exams are licensed to be photocopied or placed on the school intranet and used only within the confines of the school purchasing them, for the purpose of examining that school's students only. They may not be otherwise reproduced or distributed. The copyright of Neap Trial Exams remains with Neap. No Neap Trial Exam or any part thereof is to be issued or passed on by any person to any party inclusive of other schools, non-practising teachers, coaching colleges, tutors, parents, students, publishing agencies or websites without the express written consent of Neap. Copyright 2012 Neap ABN Pelham St Carlton VIC 3053 Tel: (03) Fax: (03) TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM

2 SECTION A: MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS Instructions for Section A Answer all questions in pencil on the answer sheet provided for multiple-choice questions. Choose the response that is correct for the question. A correct answer scores 1, an incorrect answer scores 0. Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers. No marks will be given if more than one answer is completed for any question. Question 1 A structural adaptation of mammals to minimise heat loss in cold climates is A. increased metabolism. B. less body fat. C. lower rate of cellular respiration. D. more body hair. The following information relates to Questions 2 and 3. The diagram below is of a nephron. Question 2 The nephron is part of the A. liver. B. kidney. C. pancreas. D. digestive system. 2 TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM Copyright 2012 Neap

3 Question 3 The nephron regulates the level of various components in the blood such as nitrogenous wastes, glucose and water. This regulation is called A. negative feedback. B. positive feedback. C. homeostasis. D. tolerance limits. Question 4 The hormone responsible for water regulation is A. ADH. B. adrenalin. C. thyroxine. D. insulin. Question 5 When the nervous and endocrine systems are compared, the nervous system A. does not rely on chemical messengers. B. requires the circulatory system to carry messages. C. is a faster form of communication. D. has prolonged responses. Question 6 Hibernation is an advantage for animals to survive periods of extreme cold weather. During hibernation, the animals metabolism slows down and their core body temperature is lowered. Hibernation is an example of A. a behavioural adaptation. B. a physiological adaptation. C. a structural adaptation. D. tolerance limits. Copyright 2012 Neap TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM 3

4 Question 7 region X muscle The diagram above is of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a muscle cell. In region X A. the action potential jumps across the gap. B. sodium ions carry the electrical charge. C. chemicals enter region X by endocytosis. D. neurotransmitter diffuses. Question 8 Male peacocks have bright blue plumage which is used to attract females through courtship behaviour. They will aggressively fight with other males and also attack objects which are of a similar blue colour. The attacking of a blue object, such as a rubbish bin by male peacocks is an example of A. associative learning. B. habituation. C. trial and error. D. insight learning. Question 9 The correct plant hormone and its corresponding effect is A. cytokinins stimulate cell division. B. ethylene causes cell elongation. C. abscisic acid causes fruit to ripen. D. auxin promotes leaf fall. 4 TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM Copyright 2012 Neap

5 The following information relates to Questions 10 and 11. The graph below illustrates the responses of stems and roots to varying concentrations of auxin. 200 % stimulation shoots % inhibition 100 roots concentration of auxin (ppm) Question 10 The greatest growth in a root would occur at approximately A ppm B ppm C ppm D. 1 ppm Question 11 At a concentration of 10 2 ppm, the response of roots and stems would be A. the roots grow least and shoots the most. B. opposite in each. C. both inhibitory. D. both stimulatory. Question 12 Flowers opening during the day and closing at night is an example of A. photoperiodism. B. phototropism. C. geotropism. D. circadian rhythm. Copyright 2012 Neap TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM 5

6 The following information relates to Questions 13 to 15. The diagram below is of a food web on a coastal rock platform. pelican giant barnacle common sea star chiton bream ghost shrimp blue mussel whiting zoo plankton sea lettuce phytoplankton sea grass Question 13 The number of producers is A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Question 14 The number of trophic levels is A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Question 15 The common sea star is a A. first order carnivore. B. second order carnivore. C. third order carnivore. D. fourth order carnivore. 6 TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM Copyright 2012 Neap

7 The following information relates to Questions 16 and 17. The cattle tick Boophilus microplus carries a disease-causing organism Babesia bovis which destroys red blood cells of cattle. The disease is spread when the tick feeds on infected cattle and transfers the disease when it feeds on another. Question 16 The relationship which exists between the cattle and Boophilus microplus is respectively A. prey and predator. B. prey and parasite. C. host and predator. D. host and parasite. Question 17 The best description of the tick in the relationship with the Babesia bovis is A. commensal. B. predator. C. prey. D. parasite. Copyright 2012 Neap TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM 7

8 The following information relates to Questions 18 and 19. The diagram below is of an oxygen cycle. air oxygen process Y process X process X plants { animals Gases R, T combustion Question 18 Process Y represents A. photosynthesis. B. cellular respiration. C. aerobic respiration. D. decomposition. Question 19 Gases R and T represent A. water and methane. B. nitrogen and carbon dioxide. C. water and carbon dioxide. D. ozone and carbon dioxide. Question 20 Process X represents A. photosynthesis. B. denitrification. C. nitrogen fixation. D. aerobic respiration. Question 21 When considering the biogeochemical cycles for carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, bacteria are important in A. all of them. B. only the carbon cycle. C. only the nitrogen cycle. D. only the carbon and nitrogen cycles. 8 TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM Copyright 2012 Neap

9 The following information relates to Questions 22 and 23. When considering symbiotic relationships symbols can be used to indicate the relationships between different species. A + indicates a benefit gained by a species, the species is harmed and 0 there is no effect on a species. Question 22 Mutualism could be represented as A. ++ B. + C. D. +0 Question 23 A parasitic relationship would be represented by A. ++ B. + C. D. +0 Question 24 Changes in population size are brought about by immigration (i) emigration (e) death (d) birth (b) If a population size was stable then A. i + e = b + d B. i + d = e + b C. i + b = e + d D. i e = d b Question 25 An irregular natural change in an ecosystem is A. length of daylight. B. seasons. C. frequency of tides. D. temperature. Copyright 2012 Neap TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM 9

10 SECTION B: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS Instructions for Section B Answer this section in pen. Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Question 1 The diagram below represents the cells involved in a stimulus response pathway. STIMULUS detected by neuron 1 structure X neuron 2 structure Y RESPONSE carried out by neuron 3 a. Which neuron (1, 2 or 3) is a motor neuron? b. The central nervous system (CNS) would consist of which neuron(s)? c. What advantage is gained by neurons having a covering of myelin? d. i. Give an example of a reflex action in humans. ii. Describe how a reflex arc differs from a typical stimulus response pathway. iii. What advantage is gained by a reflex arc rather than a stimulus response pathway? = 3 marks Total 6 marks 10 TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM Copyright 2012 Neap

11 Question 2 Rabbit numbers in Metropolitan Melbourne have soared over the past two years since the drought broke. There have been two excellent seasons of rain after a fifteen-year period of below average rainfall. Rabbits cost $200 million per year in lost productivity and various control measures. a. Explain fully two reasons for the enormous rise in rabbit numbers triggered by the high rainfall. Rabbits are controlled by various methods such as 1080, a poison used to bait carrots which, when eaten, are deadly, or biological control methods such as myxomatosis virus or calicivirus. b. Explain biological control. c. What are two disadvantages of chemical control (for example, 1080 ) compared to biological control? d. Hume City Council has been targeting Reserves throughout its municipality in suburbs such as Sunbury, Bulla and Greenvale. Describe a method which could be used to estimate the population of rabbits in the Reserves of Hume City Council. Total 7 marks Copyright 2012 Neap TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM 11

12 Question 3 Honey bees live in a hive and the colony is controlled by the queen bee. The queen bee produces eggs which if fertilised become female bees and if not fertilised become male workers. The queen produces different secretions which act as instructions for the rest of the colony. At some time royal honey is produced by the queen and this triggers the development of females into queens. Worker bees collect pollen from flowers. They are particularly attracted to blue flower. Scout bees search for new food sources and when discovered, they return to the hive and via a dance, indicate the direction of and distance to the new food source. a. Identify the forms of communication indicated by i. royal honey ii. iii. the dance blue flowers = 3 marks b. With respect to the hive, suggest a reason for each of the following. i. why royal honey would not be produced by the queen. ii. why royal honey would be produced by the queen = c. Ants also have scouts. These ants leave a trail from the food to the colony. Describe a method which could be used to control ants, based on this information. d. Define innate behaviour and give an example. Total 9 marks 12 TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM Copyright 2012 Neap

13 Question 4 In Melbourne suburban gardens, there are two common types of possum, ringtails and brushtails. There are 27 species of possum, Australia-wide, many of which are also found throughout Victoria. The table below summarises information on two common types of possum. Type of possum Range (backyards) Diet ringtail 2 3 brushtail 4 5 plants high in sugar, exotic plants such as roses, indigenous flowering plants plants, also vegetables, fungi, garbage, insects and larvae Possum breeding occurs mainly in autumn but also in spring. Babies remain in their mothers pouch for about five months, then ride on their back for another two months. One, two or three offspring are produced with each litter. Nests are made in dense foliage trees or in specially provided nesting boxes in trees but also in roofs. Brushtails in roofs can be trapped in approved cages and either relocated up to 50 metres on the same property or killed by vets. All other species are fully protected which includes the ringtails. Many native plants produce chemicals which deter them being consumed ( antifeedants ). Exotic plants, those grown in poor conditions or ones which are diseased do not produce the antifeedants or in very small amounts. a. Explain why both types of possums can co-exist in the one backyard. b. Define the term niche and support your answer with reference to the ringtail possum. c. Choose a suitable example and describe how the activities of one species of possum can affect the other species. Copyright 2012 Neap TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM 13

14 d. Competition exists between and within species. Describe intra-specific competition for the brushtail and give an example. e. Name one biotic and one abiotic factor which could determine whether possums have one or two litters in a year. Total 9 marks Question 5 The table below shows the types of litter removed from Victorian creeks and waterways by Clean Up Australia in Item found % polystyrene 4.0 glass 15.5 wood 2.5 plastic 41.0 rubber 1.0 paper 11.0 metal 15.5 other including cigarette butts 9.5 a. Plastics contribute the greatest proportion of litter in the water ways. Give two suggestions which could be used to reduce the amount of plastic produced. b. For one of the items listed above, describe an ecological effect it may have. Total 3 marks 14 TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM Copyright 2012 Neap

15 Question 6 In 2011 scientists put forward the idea that about 1000 years ago Port Phillip Bay was cut off from Bass Strait and had shrunk to a comparatively small lake. It is thought that the entrance at Point Nepean was closed up by the development of mud islands, barriers, sand dunes and beaches, preventing the sea entering. The water evaporated creating dry ground and the lake named Lake Phillip. It is thought that this lake was about 20 metres below the present level of the bay. Local Aboriginal legend tells of the Bay filling due to catastrophic ocean flooding. It is possible the barrier, separating the ocean and Bay area, could have been rapidly eroded leading to the flooding in of the ocean and the filling of the Bay as it is today, in a matter of days, supporting the Aboriginal legend. Geelong Werribee River Yarra River Queenscliff Current outline of Port Phillip Bay Bass Strait Point Nepean Lake Phillip a. What are two possible events which could have led to the removal of the barrier? b. How would the Aboriginal legend be passed down to the present day? c. i. Define succession. _ ii. _ Give an example of succession = 3 marks Total 6 marks Copyright 2012 Neap TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM 15

16 Question 7 CERES, the Centre for Education and Research in Environmental Strategies, is built on a 4 hectares site near the Merri Creek, North of Melbourne. The site, previously used to store household and industrial waste, was rehabilitated and developed into community gardens. Tests revealed in December 2011 that the levels of some heavy metals in lettuce grown on the site exceeded the Australian Standard by 50%. a. Name a heavy metal which could cause this contamination. b. Explain why some metals and toxic chemicals can accumulate through food chains. c. What is the biological term which describes the increase of these substances through a food chain? Total 4 marks 16 TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM Copyright 2012 Neap

17 Question 8 The Carbon Tax was introduced on 1 July About 500 Companies now pay $23 per tonne of carbon based gas produced. The Government s aim is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 to 5% less than the 2000 levels. a. Name a carbon based gas which contributes to the greenhouse effect. b. Explain the greenhouse effect. c. Name an alternative to fossil fuels which can be used as an energy source to produce electricity which does not produce greenhouse gases. d. Explain why planting trees, used for construction, would reduce the greenhouse effect. Total 6 marks END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKLET Copyright 2012 Neap TEVBIOU2_QA_2012.FM 17