Improvement of postharvest vase life and flower bud opening in Polianthes tuberosa using different concentration of Kand Ca

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1 Improvement of posthrvest vse life n flower u opening in Polinthes tueros using ifferent onentrtion of Kn C Yvri konori Afsneh 1 n Asghrzeh Ahm 2, Heyt M 3, Esmeilzeh Mhi 4 n Reyhni Mrym 4 1,2 Deprment of Hortiulturl siene, Shirvn Brnh, Islmi Az University, Shirvn, IRAN 3 Aemi stff of Khlij Frs University 4,5 Deprment of Bsi siene, Shirvn Brnh, Islmi Az University, Shirvn, IRAN Astrt: An experiment ws onute to evlute the effet of fertiliztion Polinthes tueros y K n C fertilizers t growing seson in posthrvest vse life n flower u opening. Applition of oth C n K followe y ontinuos surose tretment enhne flower longevity n flower u opening in ut Polinthes tueros L.Relte to the C n K onentrtion the resulths were ifferent.highest mount of Vse life,mximum flowering height,numer of floret n shoot weight were oserve t the presene of the K3C ut,the lowest mounts of those ftors were vrile.it is suggeste tht K3C plition tretment t growing seson e reommene to growers for extening the Vse life n enhning flower u opening in ut P.tueros. [Yvri konori A, Asghrzeh A, Heyt M, Esmilzeh M, Reyhni M. Improvement of posthrvest vse life n flower u opening in Polinthes tueros using ifferent onentrtion of Kn C. Life Si J 13;(2s):85-89] (ISSN: ).. 14 Keywor:Polinthes tuerose,posthrvest,vse life,potssium, growing seson. Introution Tuerose (frgrnt tuerose) with sientifi nme of Polinthes Tuerose L.Vr Doule is Mexin flower n is permnent n ul plnt (8). This plnt is onsiere s one of the most importnt frgrnt trunte (ut rnh) flowers of tropil n semitropil res (8). As Irn is etter thn other mjor glol prouers ue to wether n light onitions, ut ue to lk nutrition priniples n pplition of pproprite ultivtion re the qulity of plnt proution is low n they re not permitte to export suessfully (9). Therefore, using pprohes improving the flowers qulity n inresing the flowers life hs speil position. The plnt's pperne n longevity epens on plnt reeing onitions (light, temperture, irrigtion, fertiliztion, n feeing), true time of hrvest n post-hrvest res, suh s metho of hrvesting, temperture, humiity n protetive solution (1). A new pproh for improving the qulity n quntity of trunte flowers is using pproprite fertilizers (9). The most importnt fertilizers in this regr re lium n potssium whih ply key role in vrious physiologil proesses of plnt evelopment (6). Potssium plys n essentil role inprotein synthesis, wter lne n hesion, n lium hs n essentil role in mintenne of memrne integrity n seletive permeility, inresing the ell hesion n prevention of ell wll estrution (14 & 15). Therefore, potssium n lium efiieny elerte ging n reue flower life n pplition of these elements n ely or prevent from ging (15). Anjmet l. (1) oserve tht ifferene onentrtions of lium hlorie slts shll ely in lossoming trunte tuerose. This ws ssoite with ely in ging n ejetion of flowers. Also, rething rte shll e erese n wter sorption shll e inrese y infloresenes (). Rsmussen (1997) showe tht in the leves of rose flower whih hve the gretest lium onentrtion, the numer of lossoms ws oule (13). By ring petls n omplete flowers of rose, Merees n Brons Types, y lium hlorie, Tour et l. (1999) oserve tht this slt shll motivte the flower lossoming n y elying Ioni seimenttion in memrne of petls n elying protein reution in memrne n phosphties of petls their life time shll e inrese (17). Jersopolus n Sheli (1999) reporte tht ring with 1. lium hlorie on floting sis shll inrese vse life jerel n erese norml stem urvture. By nlyzing the effet of vrious onentrtion of Clium Nitrte in rose trunte flower it is etermine tht ring with lium inreses lifetime fter flower hrvesting ut no ifferenes were oserve in solution sorption rte n lossoming in re flowers (12).Potssium onsumption inrese the imeter of the flower stlk, Pojeh & Pojk weight per unit re, trunte flower lifetime, n resistne to ehyrtion (7). Potssium intke in hrysnthemum, love pink, Frenh mrigol, Sinvi n tuerose floweres shll improve their qulittive n quntittive hrteristis (2, 5, 4, 3). In this reserh the effet of pplition of lium n potssium hlories uring tuerose evelopment 85

2 ws nlyze on qulity n lifetime fter hrvesting its trunte. Mterils n Methos: This reserh ws performe in seon hlf of Esfn in Tis Botnil Gren in Chhr. In the first stge of experiment, tuerose uls, oule type, whih were similr to eh other from viewpoint of weight n imeter were selete n prepre for hrvesting. Environment of eh use ul ws entimeter n 8- grms. These uls were lote in 2 grm/liter inomil for one minutes n then were plnte in pots ontining mixture of sn, gren soil n rotte frmyr mnure in equl proportions with epth of 3-4 entimeters n irrigte one every two ys. PH of the use wter ws 6-7 with DS/Sqm. Slinity n the use gren soil texture were etermine lomy ly or lomy. Pots re lote in greenhouse equippe y fog sttering systems with temperture etween C. Weeing, n if neessry plnt Thinne to one Plnt were performe uring the growthof flower in the soil. In this stge, 2 g/liter nitrogen fertilizerws given to plnt y irrigtion. Fertilizer reeing inluing lium hlorie with ensity of, 5, & 15 mg./liter n potssium hlorie with ensity of,, & 3 mg./literwere onein two times of 6 n 75 ys fter plnting of uls. The flowers shll e hrveste fter emergene of infloresene t the time tht 2 or 3 florets open tht is reognize s the est time for hrvesting of flowering stems hrvesting (8). For hrvesting the flowering stems, they will e lippe y gren ipper from the lowers re ner the ottom leves in the erly morning when the infloresenes re fresher. After hrvesting n weighting them, the stems shll e ut from height of 75±2 m. igonlly uner the wter n then they shll e lote in pots inluing istille wter ontining 25 mg./liter Citri Ai, 5 mg./liter silver nitrte, 25 mg./liter hyroxyl oenolyne n 1% surose in home temperture of 25±2. During the lifetime of trunte tuerose, the en of stems shll e ut from length of one entimeter one every two ys for preventing from pollution n the pots' solution shll e hnge one every four ys. At the time tht t lest four helthy n open us were oserve in the flower stem, it is onsiere the en of vse life of flower. During the tril, vrious hrteristis were mesure n note. Note tking inlues the numer of leves up to emergene of the first infloresene, numer of florets in eh infloresenes, n the require ys for opening the florets from emergene of infloresenes, finl height of plnt t the time of hrvesting, n length of infloresene luster from the first flower on the luster to en of flowering stem in meter, weight n imeter of flowering stem in the height of 75 m. with preise sles n lipers n vse life of flower. This projet ws repete four times se on ftoril pln in frmework of ompletely rnom loks. Dt were nlyze y MSTAT-C softwre n the verges were ompre with New Dunn's multiple rnge test. Results: Anlysis of the mesurement results efore hrvesting: 1- Plnt Height: The results showe tht flowering height of tuerose flower, oule type, influene y Potssium n lium fertilizers efore hrvesting signifintly inrese t 5% (hrt 1). The mximum height of the plnt ws 111 entimeter in length in intertion etween lium fertilizer with onentrtion of mg./liter n potssium with onentrtion of 3 mg./liter. With the exeption of tretment with 5 & 15 mg. lium long with 3 mg./liter potssium, this mount showe signifint ifferene of 5% in re in omprison with other tretments. The minimum height in 15 mg./liter lium with no potssium ws 75 entimeter whih shows no signifint ifferene with other tretments inluing those with lium or potssium fertilizer (hrt 1). تعداد غنچھ روی خوشھ گل ۶ ۴ ٣ ٢ ١ Chrt 1- Effet of vrious tretments of lium n potssium fertilizers on tuerose flower height efore flowering stem hrvesting 2- Numer of Bus on Flower Cluster: The results showe tht the highest potssium onentrtion of 3 mg./liter long with 5, & 15 mg./liter lium hs signifint effet on inresing the tuerose flower us, oule type, in 5% re (hrt 2). The verge of the most flower us inrese to 4. perent in omprison with the smple. The lowest tuerose flower us in tretments with no potssium n or the lest potssium onentrtion ws mg./liter whih show no signifint ifferene. ١ ١ ١ ٢ ٣ 86

3 with smple. It is lso oserve tht the lest imeter of flowering stem ws 5 mg./liter in tretments with no lium or the lest lium onentrtion whih showe no signifint ifferene (hrt 4). 3 طول خوشھ گل(سانتی متر) ١ ١ ١ ٢ ٣ عمر گلجایی محلول شماره ١ (روز) ٢ ٣ Chrt 2- Effet of Vrious Conentrtion of Clium n Potssium Fertilizers on Numer of Tuerose Bus on Flowering Stem 3- Shoot Weight: The results of pplition of lium n potssium fertilizer on inrese of shoot weight of tuerose flower, oule type, ws signifint. The most shoot weight ws gine in potssium tretments with onentrtion of & 3 mg./liter long with lium with onentrtion of n 15 mg./liter whih showe 5% ifferene with other tretments (hrt 3). The lest shoot weight ws oserve in tretments with no lium (hrt 3). Also the verge of the most shoot weight inrese 5.21% in omprison with smple Chrt 3- Effet of Vrious Conentrtions of Clium & Potssium Fertilizers on Shoot Weight of Tuerose Flower, Doule Type 4- Stem Dimeter: Results showe tht in result of intertion of the highest onentrtion of the use fertilizers, the most flowering stem imeter in the height of 75 m. ws 9.11 mm. Intertion of potssium fertilizer with 3 mg/liter onentrtion gine the most imeter of flowering stem whih ws 5% (hrt 4). The verge of the most imeter of flowering stem inrese 7.37% in omprison ١ ١ ١ ٢ ٣ Chrt4- Effet of Vrious Conentrtions of Potssium n Clium Fertilizers on Dimeter of Flowering Stem of Tuerose Flower, Doule Type in the height of 75 m. 5- Length of Flower Cluster: The results showe tht the mximum potssium onentrtion of 3 mg./liter with lium onentrtion of & 15 mg./liter inrese 5% in the length of flower luster (hrt 5). The mximum verge of luster length inrese 7.27% in omprison with the smple. It is worth mentioning tht the potssium onentrtions lower tht 3 mg./liter in shorter flower luster showe 5% ifferene (hrt 5). وزن اندام ھوایی(گرم) قطر ساقھ گل دھنده در ارتفاع ٧۵ سانتی متری(میلی متر) ١ ١ Chrt 5- Effet of Vrious Conentrtions of Clium n Potssium Fertilizers on the Length of Tuerose Flower Cluster, Doule Type, The nlysis of mesurement results fter hrvesting of Trunte Tuerose Flower, oule type in proue Solution 6- Vse life of flower: Aoring to the results of vse life of Tuerose flower, oule type, it is etermine tht intertion of lium fertilizer with ١ ١ ١ ١ ٢ ٣ 87

4 onentrtion of mg./liter long with potssium with onentrtion of 3 mg./liter gine the mximum vse life of Flower whih showe 7.66% inrese in omprison with the smple. Also the minimum vse life of Flower were oserve in smple tretment without oth of onsume fertilizers. Disussion: The results of this reserh showe tht the height of flowering stem, numer of flower us on luster, shoot weight, luster length n imeter of flowering stem were inrese y using potssium n lium fertilizers. Also y inresing the fertilizer onentrtion, the mesure hrteristis were inrese, too.the results ws similr with the results of Bnijmli's Reserh (4,3,2,5,6,7) on tuerose, gliolus, long Frenh mrigol, love pink, sinvi, n hrysnthemum flowers y using the similr potssium fertilizer. In reserh performe in jouquil flower y L Ngr et l (9) the est qulity of Ver flower ws gine fo 5 g. per month y pplition of NPK (11). Estrki (1997) reporte tht y ing lium fertilizer to nutrient ontent of rose flower, their qulity ws improve fter hrvesting. It is lso reporte tht the pplition of lium hs positive effet on some of prtiulrs suh s imeter of stem n shoot weight n this is ue to the role of lium in ellulr ivision (13). This reserh showe the similr effet with the performe reserh. It seems tht the inrese in mesure hrteristis in omprison with inrese of potssium n lium onentrtion is ue to their role on mteril trnsfer, evpotrnspirtion ontrol, enzyme tivity inrese n ellulr ivision. In this reserh fter hrvesting of flowering stem n pling it in mintenne solution it is showe tht lifetime of trunte Ji flower of tuerose flower ws inrese. Grmopolus et l (1999) reporte tht lium shll inrese the lifetime of Jil Flower of Gerer trunte flower (12). Vijy et l (1999) n Tour et l (1999) oserve tht nutrient elements suh s lium shll ely ging n inrese lifetime of tuerose flower fter hrvesting (17, 18). Optiml nutrition with potssium fertilizer shll strengthen the stem n thikness of leves n in result inrese the resistne ginst the tensions fter hrvesting n ely in ging n fll of florets (2,3,5,6& 7). The results of this reserh onfirme the results of the previous reserhes. Anjm et l (1) knowlege tht one of the resons for inresing the vse life of flower is erese in flower rething (). Also it is mentione tht preventing from ethylene proution in flowers re mong the positive effet of lium hlorie on inresing the lifetime of Ji flower of rose& Gerer(12 & 17). It is likely tht inresing the supply of plnts, tlyti role of potssium, inresing photosynthesis n tissue strength, protetion ginst mehnil stresses y lium n e onsiere s the ftors for inresing vse life of flower of Tuerose flower. As oserve in this reserh potssium n lium hs positive role in inrese of qulity n quntity of tuerose flower. Therefore, for inresing the lifetime of Ji Flower n ely in trunte tuerose flower ging it is reommene to tke re to nutrient of this flower efore hrvesting. Resoures: 1- Brzegr, T.A., Khlighi& R. Neri, 6 "Effet of Hrvesting History n Vrious Amounts of Nitrogen zote on Length n Some Qulittive Chrteristis of trunte Gliolus Flower, Osr Type, in Krj". Irnin Agriulturl Sienes Journl. 37 (1). Pp Bnijmli, S.M.. "Anlysis of Effet of Vrious Amount n Resoures of Potssium on Opertion n Qulity of Frenh Mrigol Flower", IPI Ntionl Pln. Mrkzi Provine Nturl Resoures& Agriulturl Reserh Center, PP Bnijmli, S. M "Anlysis of Effet of Elementl Sulfur, Ferrous Sulphte n Zin Sulphte on the Asorption of Nutrients in Gliolus n Cloves." Approve Pln No Mrkzi Provine Nturl Resoures & Agriulturl Reserh Center, PP Bnijmli, S. M. 1. "Anlysis of Effet of Vrious Levels of Nitrogen Azote n Potssium on Qulittive n Quntittive Chrteristis of Cloves." Approve Pln No. 121-(12-15) Mrkzi Provine Nturl Resoures & Agriulturl Reserh Center, PP Bnijmli, S. M. 1. "FeeingSinvi with Vrious Resoures & Amounts of Potssium on its Qulittive n Quntittive Chrteristi". IPI Ntionl Pln. Mrkzi Provine Nturl Resoures & Agriulturl Reserh Center, PP Bnijmli, S. M. 1. "Effet of Feeing of Vrious Resoures n Amounts of Potssium n Mironutrients on Qulittive n Quntittive Chrteristi of Chrysnthemums Flower". IPI Ntionl Pln. Mrkzi Provine Nturl Resoures & Agriulturl Reserh Center, PP

5 7- Bnijmli, S. M. 3. "Anlysis of Effet of Feeing of Vrious Resoures n Amounts of Potssium n Mironutrients on Qulittive n Quntittive Chrteristi of Pejeh & Pejk of Gliol Flower, Osr Type". IPI Ntionl Pln. Mrkzi Provine Nturl Resoures & Agriulturl Reserh Center, PP Jokr, M.M. & H. Slehi, 6. "The Effet of Vrious Preservtive Solutions on Lifetime of Ji Flower of Trunte Tuerose Flower, Lrge Flower Type of Mhlt". Nturl Resoures & Agriulturl Siene & Tehnique: 3, Mlkouti, J, 3 "Neessity of Sulfur Nutrient Position Promotion". Tehnil Journl of Wter & Soil Reserh Institute. PP Anjum, M. A., N. Frrukh, S. Frih n A. Shzi. 1. Effet of some hemilson keeping qulity n Vse-life of Tuerose (Polinthes tueros L.) ut flowers. Journl of reserh. 12 (1): El-Nggr, A.H. n El-Nshrty, A.B. 9. Effet of growing mei nents minerl fertiliztion on growth, flowering, uls proutivity n hemil onstituents of Hippestrum vitttum, Her.Amerin- Eursin J. Agri&Environ.Si:6(3): Gersopoulos,D.nB.Cheli1999.Effets of pren post hrvest Clium pplitions on the vse life of ut gerers. J. Hort. Si. Bioteh. 47: K. R. Strkey Inrese levels of Clium in the nutrient solution improves the posthrvest life of potte Rosses. Amer. So. Hort. Si. 122(6): Person-mims, C. n V. Lohr Fluorie injury to ut Smnth roses my e reue y pulsing with lium nitrte. HortSiene. 25: Poovih, B.W Moleul n ellulr spets of lium tion in plnts Hort Siene. 23: Rey, B.S., K. Singh n A.Singh.1995.Effet of Surose, Citri i n 8- hyroxyquinoline sulphte on the posthrvest physiology of tuerse v. single. Avnes Agri. Res.Ini.3: Torre, S., A. Borohov n A.H.Hlevy Clium regultion of senesene in rose petls. Physiol. plnt. 7: Vijy, B., R. Venkt n Rey, Y.N Effet of minerls on post hrvest vse life of ut tuerose (Polinthes Tueros L.) Cv. oule. Inin journl of hortiulture. Vol 56. Issue:4. 1/5/13 89