Effect of bio-priming on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) under drought stress

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1 Bulletin of Environment, Phrmology n Life Sienes Bull. Env.Phrmol. Life Si., Vol 4 [4] Mrh 2015: Aemy for Environment n Life Sienes, Ini Online ISSN Journl s URL: CODEN: BEPLAD Glol Impt Ftor Universl Impt Ftor ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effet of io-priming on yiel n yiel omponents of mize (Ze mys L.) uner rought stress Amin Frni 1*, n Mortez Shfie 2 1 Deprtment Of Agriulture, Boroujer Brnh, Islmi Az University, Boroujer, Irn 2 Deprtment Of Agriulture, Boroujer Brnh, Islmi Az University, Boroujer, Irn *Emil: minfrni@yhoo.om ABSTRACT This fiel experiment ws li out in orer to evlute effet of io-priming uner rought stress on yiel n yiel omponents of mize (Ze mys L.) in fulty of gronomy, Islmi Az University, Boroujer Brnh, Boroujer, Irn uring the growing sesons Tretments were three rought stress level low (stress t vegettive stges), meium (stress t vegettive n flowering stges) n severe rought stress (stress t vegettive, flowering n grin filling stges) n priming with iofertilizers (Nitroxin, Supernitropls n omine pplition of them) with ontrol for them. Results showe tht, the effet of rought stress, io-priming n intertion etween them were signifint on o length, the numer of o per plnt, numer of row per o n numer of grin per row n grin yiel. The omprison of the men vlues of the grin yiel n yiel omponents for rought stress showe tht ontrol tretment h the highest n severe rought stress tretment h the lowest of them. Results for io-priming showe tht, omine pplition of Nitroxin with Supernitropls tretment h the highest grin yiel n yiel omponents n ontrol tretment h the lowest. In finl results of this stuy revile tht non rought stress onition n pplition iofertilizers inrese yiel n yiel omponents of mize. Then we n inrese yiel of mize with pplition of these iofertilizers n supply of wter for mize in erly stge, flowering n grin filling stges of mize. Key wors: Biopriming, rought stress, mize, n grin filling Reeive Revise Aepte INTRODUCTION Mize (Ze mys L.) is one of the three most importnt erel rops in the worl. Corn is one of the mjor erel rops n is very verstile grin tht enefits mnkin in mny wys. It is verstile rop n rnks thir following whet n rie in worl proution s reporte y Foo n Agriulture Orgniztion [9]. Corn oil is use for sl, sop-mking n lurition. Oeleye n Oeleye [13] reporte tht mize vrieties iffer in their growth hrters, yiel n its omponents, n therefore suggeste tht reeers must selet most promising ominers in their reeing progrmmes [13,8]. Drought stress uses eelertion of ell enlrgement n thus reues stem length y inhiiting inter nol elongtion n lso heks the tillering pity of plnts [1,6]. Drought severl stuies hve lso shown tht optimum yiel n e otine with irrigtion t rnhing, flowering n po formtion stges [15]. In ft, well-regulte efiit irrigtion regimes my inrese rop yiel ompre to the rop grown uner onitions of free from wter efiit [7,12]. The inrese rop yiel with regulte irrigtion is minly ue to the systems llowing rop plnts to grow uner ertin egrees of wter stress t non-ritil growth stges. In wter-limite environments, the most ompetitive iniviuls re likely to gin isproportionte shre of the wter in the soil, ut prtitioning of limite ssimiltes to the roots to improve wter pture requires reution in reproutive prtitioning to grin. This ompetitive symmetry my le to exessive growth of some resoure-forging orgns to suh n extent tht not only grin proution ut lso totl rop proution my e lowere [23]. For gve to highest see yiel in griulture ition to oth nitrogen n phosphte fertilizer is very importnt [19,20]. Applition of iofertilizers eme of gret neessity to get yiel of high qulity n to voi the environmentl pollution [2, 3, 21). In mize, pplition of iofertilizers inrese growth n yiel in mny reserhes. Beyrnvn et l [4] revile tht pplition nitrogen n phosphte iofertilizers inrese yiel n yiel omponents of mize uner Boroujer environmentl onition BEPLS Vol 4 [4] Mrh P g e

2 Frni n Shfie [4]. Inrese root, shoot weight with ul inoultion in mize hve een reporte y, while grin yiels of the ifferent mize genotypes trete with Azospirillum spp [5]. See inoultion with Rhizoium, phosphorus soluilizing teri, n orgni menment inrese see proution of the rop [14]. Therefore this stuy ws plnne to exmine effet of io-priming uner rought stress on yiel n yiel omponents of mize. MATERIALS AND METHODS A file experiment ws onute in the fulty of gronomy n plnt reeing, Islmi Az University, Boroujer Brnh, Boroujer (fiel lotion: Polokhtr), Irn uring the growing sesons Aoring to soil nlysis, etils of experimentl soil lotion ws: ph=7.74, N (0.12%), P(21.5mg/kg), K(450mg/kg), EC(1s/m) with sny ly texture. The experiment ws ly out in orer to evlute the effets of rought stress n io-priming with iofertilizers on yiel n yiel omponents of mize (zemyz L.). The experiment ws ftoril esign se of RCBD with three replitions. Tretments were three rought stress level low (stress t vegettive stges), meium (stress t vegettive n flowering stges) n severe rought stress (stress t vegettive, flowering n grin filling stges) n priming with iofertilizers (Nitroxin, Supernitropls n omine pplition of them) with ontrol for them. The 100kg/h mize sees were plnte in 5-rows in plot with 3m length for them. Row to row n plnt to plnt istne ws mintine t 100 n 20m respetively. Plnting epth for sees ws 4-5m. Plnt smples were tken with 8 plnts from eh plot. The o length, the numer of o per plnt, numer of row per o n numer of grin per row were etermine. To etermine grin yiel, we remove n lene ll the sees proue within 1m 2 entrl rows in the fiel. Then grin yiel reore on ry weight sis. Yiel ws efine in terms of grms persqure meter. The sttistil nlysis to etermine the iniviul n intertive effets of tretments were onute using JMP [17]. Sttistil signifine ws elre t P 0.05 n P Tretment effets from the two runs of experiments followe similr tren, n thus the t from the two inepenent runs were omine in the nlysis. RESULTS Numer of o per plnt Results showe tht, the effet of rought stress, io-priming n intertion etween them on numer of o per plnt ws signifint (tle 1). The omprison of the men vlues of the numer of o per plnt for rought stress showe tht ontrol tretment h the highest (1.6) numer of o per plnt n severe rought stress tretment h the lowest numer of o per plnt (1.1) n the ifferenes were signifint (figure 1). Results for io-priming showe tht, omine pplition of Nitroxin with Supernitropls tretment h the highest (1.7) numer of o per plnt n ontrol tretment h the lowest (0.9) numer of o per plnt (figure 2). Tle1. Anlysis of vrine (men squres) for effets of io-priming on yiel n yiel omponents of mize uner rought stress Numer tretments f of o per plnt Co length numer of row per o numer of grin per row grin yiel R Drought stress (A) ** 92.47** 2.75** ** ** Bio-priming (B) * 2.71* 0.02* 1.58* 24.50* A*B ** 93.90** 14.83** ** ** Error CV(%) * n **: Signifint t 5% n 1% proility levels, respetively BEPLS Vol 4 [4] Mrh P g e

3 Frni n Shfie numer of o per plnt rought stress Figure 1. Men omprison effet of rought stress on numer of o per plnt in mize numer of o per plnt io-priming Figure 2. Men omprison effet of io-priming on numer of o per plnt in mize Co length The nlysis of vrine showe tht, the effet of rought stress, io-priming n intertion etween them on o length were signifint (tle 1). The omprison of the men vlues of the o length for rought stress showe tht ontrol tretment h the highest (25m) o length n severe rought stress tretment h the lowest o length (17m) n the ifferenes were signifint (figure 3). Results for io-priming showe tht, omine pplition of Nitroxin with Supernitropls tretment h the highest (26m) o length n ontrol tretment h the lowest (18m) o length (figure 4). o length (m) rought stress Figure 3. Men omprison effet of rought stress on o length in mize BEPLS Vol 4 [4] Mrh P g e

4 Frni n Shfie o lemgth (m) io-priming Figure 4. Men omprison effet of io-priming on o length in mize Numer of row per o The effet of rought stress, io-priming n intertion etween them on numer of row per o were signifint (tle 1). The omprison of the men vlues of the numer of row per o for rought stress showe tht ontrol tretment h the highest (15) numer of row per o n severe rought stress tretment h the lowest numer of row per o (14) n the ifferenes were signifint (figure 5). Results for io-priming showe tht, omine pplition of Nitroxin with Supernitropls tretment h the highest (16) numer of row per o n ontrol tretment h the lowest (13) numer of row per o (figure 6). numer of row per o rought stress Figure 5. Men omprison effet of rought stress on numer of row per o in mize numer of row per o io-priming Figure 6. Men omprison effet of io-priming on numer of row per o in mize BEPLS Vol 4 [4] Mrh P g e

5 Frni n Shfie Numer of grin per row For numer of grin per row, the effet of rought stress, io-priming n intertion etween them on numer of grin per row were signifint (tle 1). The omprison of the men vlues of the numer of grin per row for rought stress showe tht ontrol tretment h the highest (45) numer of grin per row n severe rought stress tretment h the lowest numer of grin per row (35) n the ifferenes were signifint (figure 7). Results for io-priming showe tht, omine pplition of Nitroxin with Supernitropls tretment h the highest (46) numer of grin per row n ontrol tretment h the lowest (34) numer of grin per row (figure 8). numer of grin per row rought stress Figure 7. Men omprison effet of rought stress on numer of grin per row in mize numer of grin per row io-priming Figure 8. Men omprison effet of io-priming on numer of grin per row in mize Grin yiel The effet of rought stress, io-priming n intertion etween them on grin yiel per row were signifint (tle 1). The omprison of the men vlues of the grin yiel for rought stress showe tht ontrol tretment h the highest (250 g/m 2 ) grin yiel n severe rought stress tretment h the lowest grin yiel (190 g/m 2 ) n the ifferenes were signifint (figure 9). Results for io-priming showe tht, omine pplition of Nitroxin with Supernitropls tretment h the highest (255 g/m 2 ) grin yiel n ontrol tretment h the lowest (185 g/m 2 ) grin yiel (figure 10). BEPLS Vol 4 [4] Mrh P g e

6 Frni n Shfie grin yiel(g/m2) rought stress Figure 9. Men omprison effet of rought stress on grin yiel in mize grin yiel(g/m2) io-priming Figure 10. Men omprison effet of io-priming on grin yiel in mize DISCUSSION In the present stuy results inites tht there were signifint ifferenes in the response of yiel n yiel omponents of mize ultivrs to pplition of ifferent iofertilizers n rought stress (tle 1). With inrese in rought stress level yiel n it omponents were erese. Mximum o length, the numer of o per plnt, numer of row per o n numer of grin per row n grin yiel were otine t non rought stress tretment. Wter efiit is eleterious for plnt growth, yiel n plnt nutrition (10)n rought stress is one of the worst sourges of griulture (16). This stuy hs showe tht mize grin yiel n yiel omponents erese signifintly in wter efiit onition. The reution in numer of o per plnt non irrigtion tretment my e ttriute to the limittion of ry mtter prtitioning to the reproutive sink or even grin formtion ftors s hs een reporte y (22). Wter efiit ourrene in reltion to n thesis stge uses rsti reution in yiel n yiel omponents (18). In the present stuy, the reution in grin yiel uner non irrigtion tretment ws ssoite with rmti erese in ll yiel omponents. Supporting evienes were reporte y mny reserhers (11,24). They ttriute the reution in grin yiel uner non irrigtion tretment to the reution in numer grin n grin weight. Turk n Hll (1980) ttriute the reution in grin yiel uner non irrigtion onition to the seonry etrimentl effets of wter efiit voine on CO 2 ssimiltion (22). This result suggests tht mize exhiit reproutive plstiity uner non irrigtion onition. Applition of ny iofertilizers speilly omine pplition of Nitroxin n Supernitropls ws very useful for inrese of yiel n yiel omponents of mize (refer to figure 1-10). The result of this stuy revile tht positive effet of iofertilizer my resulte from its ility to inrese the vilility of phosphorus n other nutrients espeilly uner the speilty of the lreous nture of the soil whih use eresing on the nutrients vilility, results gree with [1,2]. Bse on results, the effet of iofertilizers were evlute positively, there were n inrese in ll trits in mize. The photosyntheti pity of mize trete with iofertilizers inreses ue to inrese supply of nutrition. Grin yiel inresing ws reporte with the iofertilizer pplition whih ount importnt enefit to the mize prouers n mize proution, using eresing in the inputs of proution euse of eonomizing muh money to hemil fertilizers n inresing in yiel n iologil yiel. Azimi et l [2] foun tht BEPLS Vol 4 [4] Mrh P g e

7 Frni n Shfie pplition of Supernitroplus iofertilizer with Phosphte rvr2 tretment hs the highest see yiel (7.6 ton/h) n non-pplition of iofertilizers tretment hs the Pishtz ultivr hs the lowest see yiel (6.3 ton/h) [2]. Also Azimi et l [3] foun tht tht pplition nitrogen n phosphte iofertilizers inrese yiel n yiel omponents of rley uner Boroujer environmentl onition (3). In finl results of this stuy revile tht non rought stress onition n pplition iofertilizers inrese yiel n yiel omponents of mize. Then we n inrese yiel of mize with pplition of these iofertilizers n supply of wter for mize in erly stge, flowering n grin filling stges of mize. REFERENCES 1. Ashrf M, Olery JW. (1996). Effet of rought stress on growth, wter reltions n gs exhnge of two lines of sunflower iffering in egree of slt tolerne. Int. J. Plnt Si, 157: Azimi SM, Frni A, Shn M, Lk M. (2013). Effet of ifferent iofertilizers on See yiel of rley (Hureom vulgr L.), Bhmn ultivr. Interntionl journl of Avne Biologil n Biomeil Reserh. Volume 1, Issue 5: Azimi SM, Nti E, Shn M Lk M. (2013). Effet of N n P io fertilizers on yiel omponents of rley. Interntionl journl of Avne Biologil n Biomeil Reserh. Volume 2, Issue 2: Beyrnvn H, Frni A, Nkhjvn SH, Shn M. (2013). Response of yiel n yiel omponents of mize (Zemiz L.) to ifferent io fertilizers. Interntionl journl of Avne Biologil n Biomeil Reserh. 1 9; Chot, R., Antoun, H. n Cess. M.P. (1993). Stimultion e l roissne u mïset e l litue romine pr es miroorgnism issolvent phosphors inorgni. Cnin J. Miroiol., 39: Chves MM,Oliveir MM. (2004). Mehnisms unerlying plntresiliene to wter efiits: prospets for wtersving griulture. J. Exp. Bot, 55: Deng, X., Shn, L., Shinou, I., (2002). High effiient use of limite supplement wter y ryln spring whet. Trns. CSAE 18, (in Chinese). 8. Dutt, S. (2005). A Hnook of Agriulture. ABD Pulishers, Ini. Pp FAO. (2002). Fertilizer n the future. IFA/FAO Agriulture Conferene on Glol foo seurity n the role of Sustinility Fertiliztion. Rome, Itly. 16th-20th Mrh, 2003, pp Grg B.K Nutrient uptke n mngement uner rought: nutrient-moisture intertion. Curr. Agr., 27: Gwthmey CO, Hll AE. (1992). Apttion to miseson rought of owpe genotypes with ontrsting senesene trits. Crop. Si 32: Kng, S., Zhng, L., Ling, Y., Hu, X., Ci, H., Gu, B., (2002). Effets of limite irrigtion on yiel n wter use effiieny of winter whet in the Loess Plteu of Chin. Agri. Wter Mnge. 55, Oeleye, F. O. n Oeleye, M. O. (2001). Evlution of morphologil n gronomi hrteristis of two exoli n two pte vrieties of tomto (Lyopersiom esulentum) in South West Nigeri. Proeeings of the 19th Annul Conferene of HORTSON. (1): Pnwr, A.S., N.P.Singh, D.C.Sxen, U.K. Hzrik. (2006). Yiel n qulity of grounnut see s influene y phosphorus, iofertilizer n orgni mnures. Inin Journl of Hill Frming, (CAB strts). 15. Prihr SS, Snhu BS. (1968). Irrigtion of fiel rops, Inin Counil of Agri. Res. New. Delhi, pp Rey, T. Y. (2003). Physiologil responses of grounnut (Arhis hypoge L.) to rought stress n it s meliortion: review. At Agron. Hung. 51: SAS Institute. In. (1997). SAS/STAT Users Guie. Version SAS Institute In. Cry. NC. 18. Seghtoleslmi M.J., Kfiv, M. n Mjii, E Effet of rought stress t ifferent growth stges on yiel n wter use effiieny of five proso millet (pniummilieum L.) genotypes. Pk. J. Bot 40: Shn, M. (2013). Applition of see equilirium moisture urves in gro physis. Interntionl journl of Avne Biologil n Biomeil Reserh. Volume 1, Issue 9: Shn, M. (2013). Biohemil spets of protein hnges in see physiology n germintion. Interntionl journl of Avne Biologil n Biomeil Reserh. Volume 1, Issue 8: Shevnn. (2008). Influene of io-fertilizers on the vilility of nutrients (N, P n K) in soil in reltion to growth n yiel of Stevi reuin grown in South Ini. Interntionl Journl of Applie Reserh in Nturl Prouts, Vol. 1(1), pp Turk K.J. n Hll, A.E. (1980). Drought pttion of owpe. IV: Influene of rought on wter use n reltion with growth n see yiel. Agron. J 72: Zhng, D.Y., Sun, G.J., Jing, X.H., (1999). Donl s ieotype n growth reunny: gme theoretil nlysis. Fiel Crops Res. 61, Zisk L.H. n Hll, A.E. (1983). See yiels n wter use of owpes (Vignunguiult L. Wlp.) sujete to plnne-wter efiit. Irrigtion Siene 3: CITATION OF THIS ARTICLE Amin F, Mortez S. Effet of io-priming on yiel n yiel omponents of mize (Ze mys L.) uner rought stress. Bull. Env.Phrmol. Life Si., Vol 4 [4] Mrh 2015: BEPLS Vol 4 [4] Mrh P g e