Performance Evaluation and Participatory Varietal Selection of Highland Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Genotypes in Western Part of Ethiopia

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1 Amerin-Eursin J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 6 (0): , 206 ISSN IDOSI Pulitio, 206 DOI: /iosi.ejes Performne Evlution n Prtiiptory Vrietl Seletion of Highln Sorghum (Sorghum iolor (L.) Moenh) Genotypes in Western Prt of Ethiopi 2 3 Ylemtesf Firew, Firew Meki n Asfw Augn Dere Mrkos University, Fulty of Agriulture n Nturl Resoures, Deprtment of Hortiulture, P.O. Box: 269, Dere Mrkos, Ethiopi 2 Hrmy University, College of Agriulture, Plnt Siene Deprtment, P.O. Box: 38; Dire-Dw, Ethiopi 3 Mize Breeer for Afri Avnt See Interntionl Ethiopi, P.O. Box: , Niroi, Keny Astrt: Prtiiptory vrietl seletion ws onute in Western prt of Ethiopi to evlute the performne of sorghum genotypes n to ientify frmers preferene n seletion riteri in the stuy site. Seven sorghum genotypes long with lol hek ollete from stuy re were evlute in rnomize omplete lok esign with three replitio in 203 min ropping seson. Frmers evlution ws me t two ifferent stges of the rop, nmely t flowering n t mturity using oth iret-mtrix n pir-wise rnking methos of seletion sheme. Frmers set; grin yiel, isese resistne, grin olor n size s seletion riteri to evlute n ientify their preferre genotypes. The results of nlysis of vrine inite the existene of highly signifint ifferenes mong genotypes for ll trits mesure t 5% proility level. The highest men grin yiel ws otine from the genotype Aukr (3689 Kg h ) n Chiro (3566 Kg h ). Likewise, Chiro, ETS-2752 n Aukr were ientifie s frmers preferre vrieties from oth pir-wise n iret mtrix rnking evlutio. Thus, the vrieties Chiro n Aukr were hosen for their performne in the fiel n from frmers' evlution perspetive. Moreover, this stuy inite prtiiptory vrietl seletion is vile metho to gin greter iight into frmers pereptio, preferenes, merits n shortomings of sorghum genotypes. Therefore, se on the results of this stuy n previous works one in Assos Agriulturl Reserh Center, Aukr n Chiro re reommene for multiplition n istriution to frmers through oth forml n informl see systems. Key wors:diret-mtrix rnking Pir-wise rnking Prtiiptory vrietl seletion See systems Seletion riteri Sorghum INTRODUCTION 2. to per hetre []. Benishngul-Gumuz Region (BGR) whih is foun in western prt of Ethiopi is one Sorghum (Sorghum iolor (L.) Moenh) is the fifth of the sorghum prouing res in Ethiopi where the importnt erel rop in the worl n the thir mjor rop is use s stple foo for mjority of the people. The erel rop next to tef n mize in re ultivte n in re overge, proution n grin yiel of sorghum totl proution in Ethiopi []. It provies foo, foer in BGR within 202/203 min ropping seson ws n loholi everges in the ountry. The min use of estimte to e 65,933 h, 30, 995 to n.99 to sorghum in Ethiopi is for mking Injer (levene re). h, respetively []. It ounts for n verge of 0% ily lori intke in Over the yers, numer of lte, meium n erly- Ethiopi [2]. The proution of sorghum in Ethiopi is mturing sorghum vrieties hve een evlute n estimte to e 3.6 million to on n re of.7 million relese y feerl n regionl reserh enters for hetres of ln giving the ntionl verge grin yiel of ifferent gro-eologies of the ountry. However, those Corresponing Author: Ylemtesf Firew, Dere Mrkos University, Fulty of Agriulture n Nturl Resoures, Deprtment of Hortiulture, P.O. Box: 269, Dere Mrkos, Ethiopi. 64

2 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 6 (0): , 206 vrieties re not eing opte y the frmers in MATERIALS AND METHODS stisftory rte, proly ue to poor frmers prtiiption uring seletion proess (on-sttion), Desription of the Stuy Are: The fiel experiment ws inequte knowlege of the frmers out the vrieties, onute in Western prt of Ethiopi prtiulrly t lk of improve vriety (ies) tht pt the speifi Mo-Komo istrit (34 24'E, 9 23'N) in 203 min ropping environments n inequte supply of see of the seson. The ltitue t the experimentl site is820 meters vrieties to stisfy frmers nees. In line with this ft [3], ove se level (m..s.l). The re is hrterize y uniinite improve sorghum vrieties h not een well mol rinfll, whih strts in April n extens to en of ssimilte in Ethiopi ue to the loose reserh Novemer with mximum rinfll reeive uring June to exteion-frmer linkge n frmers in mny ples o Otoer. The totl nnul verge rinfll of Mo-Komo not know the improve vrieties t ll. On the other hn, istrit is mm uring ( ). The men nnul sorghum proution in Ethiopi is preominntly se ir temperture from 2007 to 200 ws 9.20 C vrie from on vrieties evelope y frmers thus; the shre of 2.93 to C. The mjor soil types foun in the improve vrieties is very low [4]. experimentl re re Eutri Nitisols followe y Orthi Despite the eonomi importne n ontriution of Arisols n Eutri Fluvisols. sorghum to ttin foo seurity n foo-self-suffiieny in the region in generl n in the stuy site in prtiulr, Tretments, Experimentl Design n Fiel frmers were not wre of the ville sorghum Mngement: A totl of eight sorghum genotypes genotypes relese for their gro-eologies. Thus, the inluing lol hek ollete from the stuy re were utiliztion of improve sorghum vrieties (high yieling, use for this stuy. The experiment ws li out in erly mturing, etter qulity, iseses, pests n strig rnomize omplete-lok esign (RCBD) with three resistnt) is very low in the stuy re. This is minly replitio. During plnting, the sees were mnully euse of the following limittio; poor prtiiption of rille into five meters long four row plot spe 0.75 m frmers in vrietl seletion proess, inequte reserh prt t see rte of 0 kg h. At pproximtely 2 ys interventio, lk of improve vrieties tht give fter plnting, the seelings were thinne to 0.20 m resonle yiel uner frmers ulturl mngement, in istne etween plnts giving totl popultion of equte improve see supply system n poor plnts h. Nitrogen n phosphorus fertilizers were reserh-exteion-frmer linkge. Hene, it is impertive pplie in the form of Ure (46% N) n Dimmonium to evlute the sorghum genotypes uner frmers tive Phosphte (DAP) (8% N n 46% P2O 5) t the prtiiption so s to inorporte their vlule opinion reommene rte of 50 kg h n 00 kg h, n esires. One of the pprohes tht hve een respetively. Dimmonium Phosphte (DAP) fertilizer ws prtie minly in suh kins of reserh is prtiiptory pplie t the time of plnting (s sl pplition); vrietl seletion (PVS). wheres Ure ws pplie in the form of split pplition, PVS is n pproh tht provies hoies of vrieties hlf of whih ws pplie together with DAP uring to the frmers for inresing proution in their iversity plnting n the remining top resse efore heing t of soio-eonomi n gro-eologil onition. It lso knee stge. Hn weeing ws prtie s frequently s provies n opportunity to the frmers to evlute mny neee. kins of vrieties on their own fiels; ultivrs n e serhe oring to the nees of the frmers of stuy Dt Colletion: Dt were ollete on plnt n plot res with some other hrters, suh s erliness, high sis for ifferent gronomi trits. For t olletion yiel, isese resistne n other goo qulity trits. It on plnt sis, ten plnts were rnomly tken from the lso enhnes frmer's ess to rop vrieties n two mile rows of eh plot exluing the two rows on inrese in iversity; inrese proution n eure foo oth sies of eh plot to reue orer effet n the seurity; help to isseminte the option of pre n men vlue of those ten plnts ws lulte n use relese vrieties in lrger res; llow vrietl seletion s plot t for nlysis. Plnt height (m), he length in trgete res t ost-effetiveness n lso in less (m), he with (m), he weight per plnt (g) n time n s oequene help see proution n numer of kernels per he were reore on plnt sis; sling-up t ommunity level [5]. Therefore, the wheres ys to 50% flowering, ys to physiologil ojetives of this stuy were to evlutive n selet est mturity, numer of hes per plot, thousn kernel performing highln sorghum genotypes n to ientify weight (g), grin yiel (kg h ), ove groun iomss frmers preferenes n seletion riteri in the stuy (kg h ) n hrvest inex (%) were estimte on plot site. sis. 642

3 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 6 (0): , 206 Frmers' Prtiiptory Vrietl Seletion (PVS): Prtiiptory vrietl seletio were onute using prtiiptory tools (iret mtrix n pir-wise rnkings). Frmers seletion ws one se primrily on their sorghum growing experiene, gener rtio n willingness to prtiipte in the reserh. A totl of 20 frmers of oth sexes (mle=3, femle=7) prtiipte in the stuy. Frmers were llowe to set their own seletion riteri n then oth mle n femle prtiipnts prioritize n jointly gree on two hrters (erliness n stlk orer resistne) n four hrters (grin yiel, isese resistne, grin size n olor) uring flowering n physiologil mturity stge of the rop, respetively. All of them were tulte in mtrix soring tle n eh seletion riterion ws ompre with eh other in pirwise fshion. The rnk ssignments were etermine from the numer of times eh seletion riterion ws preferre y the group. After ientifying n weighing their est seletion riteri, frmers were invite to oserve refully ll the experimentl units n selet the est vriety (ies) se on its/their fitness to the speifi riteri oring to their environment. A iret mtrix tle ws prepre for the evlute genotypes liste in the row n trits preferre y frmers liste in the olumn. Sores were given to eh vriety se on the seletion riteri (5 = very goo, 4 = goo, 3 = verge, 2 = poor n = very poor). During iret mtrix rnking, frmers hve given rting of importne ( reltive weight) of seletion riterion rnke from to 3 (3= very importnt, 2= importnt n = less importnt) n rting of performne of vriety for eh trit of interest (seletion riteri) ws given se on their level of importne on the sis of ommon greement of evlutors. The sore of eh vriety ws multiplie y the reltive weight of given hrter to get the finl result n then e to the results of other hrters to etermine the totl sore of given vriety. Soring n rnking were one on oeus n ifferenes were resolve y isussion s inite y e Boef n Thijssen [6]. Sttistil Dt Anlysis: The t were nlyze using PROC ANOVA in SAS softwre version 9.00 (SAS, 2002) with tretment n replitio s the lss vriles n the respoe vriles were the trits on whih t were ollete. Men seprtion ws rrie out using Dunn s Multiple Rnge Test (DMRT) t 0.05 proility level. The oeffiient of orreltion (r) mong phenologil, grin yiel n yiel relte trits ws ompute using Pro CORR of SAS Ititute (2002). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Performne Evlution of Highln Sorghum Genotypes: The nlysis of vrine (ANOVA) inite the presene of signifint (P < 0.05) ifferenes mong the sorghum genotypes for ll hrters evlute s shown in Appenix Tle. Alemy-70 n ETS-2752 were the erliest mturing of ll the vrieties teste with 203 ys eh, wheres with 240 ys, Aukr ws the longest mturing genotype. Men grin yiel of the teste vrieties rnge from Kg/h for Muyr-2, to Kg/h for Aukr with over ll men vlue of Kg/h. The grin yiels otine from Aukr ( kg h ) n Chiro ( kg h ) ws signifintly (P 0.0) higher thn tht from the other teste vrieties n h yiel vntge of 55% n 50% over lol hek ( kg h ), respetively. Aukr n Muyr- were the shortest n the tllest of ll the vrieties, respetively. The highest ove groun iomss ws reore y Muyr-2 ( kg h ) followe y Muyr- ( kg h ); wheres the lowest ws reore y ETS-2752 ( kg h ).ETS (2975), Chiro (257) n Alemy-70 (248.70) h the mximum numer of kernels per he thn the rest of the vrieties. Aukr n the lol hek h higher numer of hes per plot; wheres the minimum numer of hes per plot ws reore for Muyr- n Chelenko. The vrieties iffere signifintly for thousn kernel weight n the vlues rnge etween g (Aukr) n 4.33 g (Chelenko) with men of 37.7 g. The men hrvest inex rnge from 3.40% for Muyr-2 to 44.78% for Aukr (Tle ). Assoition Among the Stuie Chrters: Correltion oeffiients mong phenologil n gronomi trits of the teste highln sorghum genotypes re inite in Tle 2. Dys to 50% flowering h positive n signifint orreltion with ys to physiologil mturity (r= 0.94**) n numer of hes per plot. This is in greement with those otine y Musir n Aul [7]. Plnt height hs shown negtive n signifint ssoition with ys to 50% flowering (r= 0.63**) n ys to physiologil mturity (r=o.69*). Grin yiel h positive n non-signifint ssoition with ys to 50% flowering (r= 0.8 ) n ys to physiologil mturity (r=0.26*). This shows tht the mximum mturity ifferene of slightly more thn month tht ws oserve in the whole set of vrieties i not ring out vrition in grin yiel. 643

4 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 6 (0): , 206 Appenix Tle : Men squres from nlysis of vrine (ANOVA) of mesure phenologil n gronomi trits in 203 min ropping seson t the stuy re. S.Vr..f DTF DPM PLH HWPPt NKPH NHPPL TKW GYH AGBM HI Rep Tret ** ** ** * 45.7** 64.6** ** * ** Error Me CV (%) **Highly signifint t % proility level, = non-signifint t 5% proility level where, DTF= ys to 50% flowering, DPM= ys to physiologil mturity, PHL= plnt height, HWPPt = he weight per plnt, NKPH=numer of kernels per he, NHPPL=Numer of he per plot, TKW=thousn kernel weight, GY= grin yiel (Kg/h)AGBM= ove groun iomss n HI=hrvest inex. Tle : Men vlues of phenologil n gronomi trits of teste genotypes t western prt of Ethiopi uring ropping seson of 203. Men vlues DTF DPM HWPPt NKPH NHPPL GY AGBM Vrieties (no.of ys) (no. of ys) PLH (m) (g) (Numer) (Numer) TKW (g) (Kg/h) (kg/h) HI (%) Alemy-70 e Chiro Muyr Muyr Chelenko e ETS-2752 e Aukr e Lol Me CV (%) Me in the sme olumn followe y the sme letters re not signifintly ifferent t 5% level of signifine oring to DMRT; DTF= ys to 50% flowering, DPM= ys to physiologil mturity, PHL= plnt height, HWPPt = he weight per plnt, NKPH=numer of kernels per he, NHPPL=Numer of he per plot, TKW=thousn kernel weight, GY= grin yiel (Kg/h)AGBM= ove groun iomss n HI=hrvest inex. Tle 2: Simple orreltion oeffiients (r) for gronomi trits of the teste highln sorghum genotypes t Mo-komo istrit in 203 seson Chrters DF DPM PLH HWPPt NKPH NHPPL TKW GYH AGBM HI DF X DPM 0.94** X PLH -0.64** -0.69* X PL ** PWD * PWPPt -0.40* -0.42* 0.6 X NKPPP ** X NPPPL 0.63** 0.69** -0.44* X TKW -0.63** -0.67** ** X GYH * 0.42* 0.49** 0.53** X AGBM * X HI ** * * -0.72** X Where: ** = highly signifint t % proility level, *= signifint t 5% proility level, = non-signifint t 5% proility, DTF = ys 50% flowering, DPM = ys to physiologil mturity, PLH = plnt height, HWPPt=he weight per plnt, NKPH=numer of kernels per he, TKW=thousn kernel weight n GYH= grin yiel (Kg/h), AGBM= ove Groun Biomss in (Kg/h) n HI= hrvest inex in%. Tle 3: Pir-wise rnking of frmers seletion riteri t mturity stges No. Seletion riteri GY GC GS DR Totl Rnk GY X 3 3 GC GY X GS GY GS X DR GY GS DR X 3 where: GY=Grin Yiel, GC= Grin olor, GS= Grin size n DR= Disese resistne. 644

5 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 6 (0): , 206 Tle 4: Diret mtrix rnking evlution of genotypes y of group of frmers Seletion riteri Grin yiel Grin size Disese resistne Grin olor Totl sore Rnk Reltive weight 3 2 Alemy-70 9(3 ) 0(5 ) 4(4 ) 5(5) 28 5 Chiro 5(5 ) 8(4 ) 4(4 ) 3(3) 30 2 Muyr- 2(4 ) 6(3) 4(4 ) 2(2 ) 24 7 Muyr-2 9(3 ) 8(4 ) 3(3) 3(3 ) 23 8 Chelenko 5(5 ) 8(4 ) 4(4 ) 2(2 ) 29 3 ETS (4 ) 0(5 ) 3(3 ) 4(4 ) 29 3 Aukr 5(5 ) 8(4 ) 5(5 ) 3(3 ) 3 Lol 9(3 ) 0(5 ) 3(43) 4(4) 27 6 N.B. Numer of frmers in the evlution= 20 (M = 3 n F=7); numers in prenthesis inite the performne rting vlue of eh vriety given from -5 (5= exellent, 4=very goo, 3= goo, 2= poor n =very poor) n numers written in the ol inite totl sore of vriety s per eh seletion riteri, whih ws otine y multiplying the reltive weight of eh seletion riteri with tht of the performne rting numer in the prenthesis. Tle 5: Frmers pir-wise rnking of evlute highln sorghum genotypes uring 203 ropping seson Vrieties Alemy-70 Chiro* Muyr-* Muyr-2 Chelenko ETS-2752 Aukr Lol Sore Rnk Alemy-70 x 4 4 Chiro* Chiro x 7 Muyr-* Alemy-70 Chiro* x 7 Muyr-2 Alemy-70 Chiro* Muyr-* x 0 8 Chelenko Alemy -70 Chiro* Chelenko Chelenko x 2 6 ETS 2752 ETS-2752 Chiro* ETS-2752 ETS2752 ETS-2752 x 5 2 Aukr Aukr Chiro* Aukr Aukr Aukr ukr x 5 2 Lol Alemy-70 Chiro* Aukr Lol Lol ETS Lol x 3 5 Grin yiel h positive n highly signifint Aoringly, the preferre sorghum vriety shoul hve orreltion with he weight per plnt (r=0.42**), numer high grin yiel, ol grin size, remy white grin olor of kernels per he (r=0.49**) n numer of hes per n etter resistne to ommon lef n pnile plot (r=0.53**) (Tle 2). This result ws in lose iseses. Pir-wise mtrix rnking ws use to ientify greement with previous finings y severl reserhers the prioritiztion orer of the frmers seletion riteri [8-] where grin yiel ws reporte to hve een (Tle 3). They gve the highest weight to grin yiel strongly ssoite with the mjor yiel omponents: followe y grin size. Similrly, Fentie Moll [4] he weight per plnt, numer of kernels per he n reporte tht frmers ientifie see olor n lst numer of hes per plot. In ition Ezeku n isese retion s importnt riteri. Moreover, isese Mohmme [2] foun signifint high positive resistne n grin olor were lso selete y frmers orreltion etween grin yiel n he weight per s moerte signifine. plnt (r= 0.976). Hrvest inex h positive n signifint With regr to grin olor, frmers selete orreltion with grin yiel n numer of kernels per Alemy-70, the lol hek n ETS-2752 s the est he. The ssoition of grin yiel with hrvest inex, vrieties for their ttrtive white to white-yellow olor. plnt height n ove groun iomss ws negtive n Aukr n Muyr-2 vrieties were preferre for their highly signifint, whih ws in greement with those intermeite olor from the evlution; wheres Muyr-, reporte y Tye Tesse [3]. Chiro n Chelenko h re olor whih ws not eptle from frmers perspetive. However, olor Frmers Prtiiptory Vrietl Seletion (PVS): lone oul not e goo seletion riterion in sorghum. Prtiiptory vrietl seletion ws one in the stuy For itne, Chiro n Chelenko gri were teste t istrit not only euse frmers ultivrs were ol, ut Melkss for their injer mking n keeping qulities n lso none of these evlute genotypes ws previously foun to e very goo. They o not hve tnni like the grown y frmers exept the lol hek. Thus, the riteri lnres in Assos re. Re grin olor is very muh frmers use in ientifying the suitle vrieties epen preferre y frmers in Hrrghe re. The rown kernel on the existing otrints n opportunities frmers sorghums (with pigmente test) in generl n some fe in their miro environments. The key riteri use white kernel sorghum re known to hve phenoli y frmers to evlute n selet the preferre vrieties ompouns, whih give the foo itter tste. These types were grin yiel, isese resistne, grin size n olor. of gri re preferre for prepring tritionl loholi 645

6 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 6 (0): , 206 times n rnke seon together. Therefore, se on the results of fiel experiment n frmers evlution the vrieties Chiro n Aukr were the most preferre ones. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I woul like to thnk ll the reserh n supporting stff of Assos, Melks n Sirink Agriulturl Reserh Centers for their unreserve finnil, mteril n tehnil support to omplish this stuy. REFERENCES Fig. : Smples of highln sorghum genotypes prepre for frmers evlution. Fig. 2: Evluting smples of highln sorghum genotypes for grin olor n size rinks (Tell n Areki). Alemy-70, ETS-2752 n lol hek were lso preferre y frmers for their lrger grin size to mke Nefro (oile grin sorghum). Bse on the iret mtrix rnkings, the totl sore (the prout of reltive weight of eh riterion y the reltive importne) of the evlution y frmers rnge from 23 to 3. The highest sore ws given to Aukr (3) followe y Chiro (30); wheres the lest sore given to Muyr-2 (23) ue to its suseptiility to nthrnose isese. Moreover, pir-wise rnking evlution provies opportunities to frmers to see in etil the merits n emerits of eh vriety y ompring n ontrsting two vrieties t time. Aoring to pir-wise rnking the vriety Chiro preferre seven times n rnke first followe y Aukr n ETS-2752 oth preferre five. CSA (Centrl Sttistis Ageny), 203. Agriulturl Smple Survey 202/203 (2005 E.C.).Volume I. Report on Are n Proution of Mjor Crops (Privte Pesnt Holings, Meher Seson). Sttistil Bulletin 532, Ais A, Ethiopi. 2. Rshi, S., 200. Stple Foo Pries in Ethiopi. Prepre for the COMESA poliy seminron Vrition in stple foo pries: Cuses, oequene n poliy optio, Mputo, Mozmique, Jnury 200 uner the Afrin Agriulturl Mrketing Projet (AAMP). 3. Augn Asfw, The role of introue sorghum n millets in Ethiopin griulture. J. SAT Agri. Res., 3(). 4. Firew Meki, Frmers n forml reeing of sorghum (Sorghum iolor (L) Moenh) n the implition for integrte plnt reeing. Euphyti, 52(2): e Boef, W.S. n J.B. Ogliri, Prtiiptory Crop Improvement n Supporting Informl See Supply. In: M.H., Thijssen, Zewie Bishw, Aurhmn Beshir n W.S. e Boef, 2008 (es.). Frmers, sees n vrieties: supporting informl see supply in Ethiopi. Wgeningen, Wgeningen Interntionl, pp: e Boef, W.S. n M.H. Thijssen, Prtiiptory tools working with rops, vrieties n sees. A guie for professionls pplying prtiiptory pprohes in gro ioiversity mngement, plnt reeing n see setor evelopment. Wgeningen, Wgeningen Interntionl, pp: Musir, H.K. n N.D. Aul, 200. Correltion n pth oeffiient nlysis of some quntittive trits in whet. Afrin Crop Si. J., 8:

7 Am-Eurs. J. Agri. & Environ. Si., 6 (0): , Alm, S., A. Ali, I. Qmr, M. Arsh n S. Sheikh, 2. Ezeku, I.E. n S. Mohmme, Chrter 200. Correltion of eonomilly importnt ssoition n pth nlysis in grin sorghum. trits in Sorghum iolor vrieties. J. of Biology. Si., Afrin J. of Biotehnology, 5(4): (5): Tye Tesse, Comining ility of sorghum 9. Asthn, O.P., R.L. Shrm, Nmrt-Asthn, (Sorghum iolor L. Moenh) lines for rought K.C. Sukl n N. Asthn, 997. Chrter tolerne. M.S. Thesis Presente to the Shool of interreltiohips in exoti sorghum (Sorghum Grute Stuies of Hrmy University. Ethiopi. iolor (L.) Moenh). Avne in Plnt Si., 4. Fentie Moll, 200. Prtiiptory Evlution n 0: seletion of improve finger millet vrieties in north 0. Borrell, A.K., G.L. Hmmer n R.G. Henzell, western Ethiopi. Interntionl. J. Plnt Si., Does mintining green lef re in sorghum improve 3(7): yiel uner rought? II. Dry mtter proution n yiel. Crop Si. 40: CSA, Gul, I., V. Sruhn n M. Bsg, Determintion of yiel n yiel omponents n reltiohip mong the omponents of grin sorghum ultivrs grown s min rop. Asin J. Plnt Si., 4: