IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Cover Sheet

Transcription

1 IR4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report over Sheet Researcher(s) Mark zarnota Affiliation: University of Georgia Dept. of Horticulture 1109 Experiment St. Griffin GA PhoneNumber: (770) Trial: 2006 GA ProjectTitle: Liverwort Efficacy Protocol #: PR# Research Target rop/plant Product EPA Reg. # Production Site Status Pawpaw BroadStar 0.25G Asimina triloba Flumioxazin Valent Pawpaw hipco Ronstar G Asimina triloba Oxadiazon Bayer Pawpaw Asimina triloba Gentry Quinoclamine hemtura Pawpaw Showcase Asimina triloba Trifluralin + Isoxab Dow AgroScie Hydrangea, Oakleaf BroadStar 0.25G Hydrangea quercifolia Flumioxazin Valent Hydrangea, Oakleaf hipco Ronstar G Hydrangea quercifolia Oxadiazon Bayer Hydrangea, Oakleaf Gentry Hydrangea quercifolia Quinoclamine hemtura Hydrangea, Oakleaf Hydrangea quercifolia Showcase Trifluralin + Isoxab Dow AgroScie Periwinkle BroadStar 0.25G Vinca sp. Flumioxazin Valent Periwinkle Vinca sp. hipco Ronstar G Oxadiazon Bayer Periwinkle Gentry Vinca sp. Quinoclamine hemtura Periwinkle Showcase Vinca sp. Trifluralin + Isoxab Dow AgroScie

2 Protocol Title: Liverwort ontrol in ontainerized Ornamentals. Protocol #: INTRODUTION: Broadstar (flumioxazin), Liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, Mogeton/Gentry (quinoclamine), Preemergent Herbicides, Ronstar (oxadiazon), Showcase (isoxaben, trifluralin, oxyfluorfen). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Liverwort (Marchantia spp.) can be an extremely difficult plant to control in propagation houses and containerized ornamentals. Although several herbicides claim to control liverwort, no reliable labeled herbicide exists. This, however, is about to change as Mogeton/Gentry 25WP (quinoclamine) is currently seeking registration. This product has been tested for several years, and has proven to control liverwort, but much testing is needed on performance and safety quinoclamine in hot humid conditions. To help answer some of these questions, study was designed to determine safety and liverwort efficacy of quinoclamine. On August 10, 2006 at the enter for Applied Nursery Research, 36 pots one gallon pots of each of the following were assembled: Pawpaw (Asimina triloba), Oakleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia 'Snowflake'), and Periwinkle (Vinca minor). Six, one gallon pots of each species were than placed in a 6 ft. x 6 ft. area. Before treatments were applied, 500 ml of a liverwort slurry was applied to each pot. The liverwort slurry was created by filling up a 5 gallon bucket with liverwort thallus and water. The thallus water mixture was than mixed vigorously for 5 minutes. Thallus was then removed, and the remaining water contained reproductive tissues (gammae) that easily infest containers. After applying 500 ml of the liverwort slurry, the herbicide treatment was applied, and pots were moved to assigned test area where they were arranged in a randomized complete block (RB) design. Each treatment contained 6 replications, and each replication contained 1 subsample. The process was continued for each herbicide treatment. Except for the quinoclamine treatments, sprayable herbicides were applied with a O 2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gallons per acre (GPA). Quinclamine treatments were applied with a O 2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gallons per acre (GPA). Granular herbicides were applied at the appropriate rate with a cheese shaker jar. Watering occurred on an as needed basis, and this represented approximately 2 to 1 inch of water per day. The treatment list was as follows: Treatment# Treatment Active ingredient Rate 1 Mogeton 26 WP Quinoclamine 13.1 lb/a (3.4 lb ai/a) 2 Mogeton 26 WP Quinoclamine 26.2 lb/a (6.8 lb ai/a) 3 Ronstar 2 GR Oxadiazon 200 lb/a (4.0 lb ai/a) 4 Showcase 2.5 GR Isoxaben, Oxyfluorfen, Trifluralin. 100 lb/a (2.5 lb ai/a) 5 Broadstar 0.25 GR Flumioxazin 100 lb/a (0.25 lb/a) 6 heck % Liverwort cover and plant injury was taken at 3 and 6 weeks after treatment (WAT), and are

3 scheduled for ratings at 12 and 16 WAT. Plant injury was taken on a (0100 scale) and numbers represented the following: Value Plant Symptoms 0 No visual injury present 1030 Minimal injury to desirable plant. Less than 10% of the plant leaf service area showing chlorosis and necrosis More noticeable plant injury or stunting. Greater than 50% of the leaf area showing symptoms of chlorosis and/or necrosis Plants severally injured. Most of the leaves and leaf surface showing signs of chlorosis and necrosis. 100 Plant appears dead. No signs of regrowth. Results: No treatments caused significant injury to periwinkle, hydrangea, or pawpaw during the course of the experiment (Tables 13). Although not significant, injury to hydrangeas did exceed 20 percent with both Mogeton treatments at 3 WAT (Table 1). At 3 WAT, there was no significant difference in % liverwort cover. At 6 WAT, liverwort % cover was significantly less with the 2 Mogeton treatments, Broadstar, and Ronstar treatments. At 12 WAT, all treatments were significant better than the untreated control (UT), and the higher rate of Mogeton was providing the significantly best control of liverwort. ONLUSIONS: Results of this study have shown that Mogeton and other registered herbicide can provide control of liverwort in containerized ornamentals. More research needs to be performed in order to determine safety and efficacy of Mogeton in the Southeast.

4 Table 1. Injury to Pawpaw (Asimina triloba), Oakleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia 'Snowflake'), and Periwinkle (Vinca minor), and % cover liverwort (Marchantia spp.) at 3 WAT. Treatment# Treatment Rate Periwinkle Hydrangea Pawpaw * Liverwort* Plant injury 3 WAT % over 3 WAT 1 Mogeton 26 WP 13.1 lb/a (3.4 lb ai/a) 0 a 22 a 0 a 19 a 2 Mogeton 26 WP 26.2 lb/a (6.8 lb ai/a) 3 Ronstar 2 GR 200 lb/a (4.0 lb ai/a) 4 Showcase 2.5 GR 100 lb/a (2.5 lb ai/a) 6 Broadstar 0.25 GR 100 lb/a (0.25 lb/a) 7 heck LSD 0 a 23 a 2 a 18 a 0 a 12 a 3 a 8 a 0 a 8 a 0 a 7 a 0 a 14 a 2 a 4 a 0 a 15 a 0 a 8 a *Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.05, LSD)

5 Table 2. Injury to Pawpaw (Asimina triloba), Oakleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia 'Snowflake'), and Periwinkle (Vinca minor), and % cover liverwort (Marchantia spp.) at 6 WAT. Treatment# Treatment Rate Periwinkle Hydrangea Pawpaw * Liverwort* Plant injury 6 WAT % over 6 WAT 1 Mogeton 26 WP 13.1 lb/a (3.4 lb ai/a) 0.0 a 13.3 a 0.0 a 2.5 c 2 Mogeton 26 WP 26.2 lb/a (6.8 lb ai/a) 3 Ronstar 2 GR 200 lb/a (4.0 lb ai/a) 4 Showcase 2.5 GR 100 lb/a (2.5 lb ai/a) 6 Broadstar 0.25 GR 100 lb/a (0.25 lb/a) 7 heck LSD 0.0 a 16.7 a 0.8 a 0.0 c 0.0 a 13.3 a 0.0 a 7.5 bc 0.0 a 6.7 a 3.3 a 12.5 ab 0.0 a 0.0 a 3.3 a 5.8 bc 0.0 a 0.0 a 0.0 a 17.5 a *Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.05, LSD)

6 Table 3. Injury to Pawpaw (Asimina triloba), Oakleaf hydrangea (Hydrangea quercifolia 'Snowflake'), and Periwinkle (Vinca minor), and % cover liverwort (Marchantia spp.) at 12 WAT. Treatment# Treatment Rate Periwinkle Hydrangea Pawpaw * Liverwort* Plant injury 12 WAT % over 12 WAT 1 Mogeton 26 WP 13.1 lb/a (3.4 lb ai/a) 2 Mogeton 26 WP 26.2 lb/a (6.8 lb ai/a) 3 Ronstar 2 GR 200 lb/a (4.0 lb ai/a) 4 Showcase 2.5 GR 100 lb/a (2.5 lb ai/a) 6 Broadstar 0.25 GR 100 lb/a (0.25 lb/a) 7 heck LSD 0 a 2 a 0 a 5 cd 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 d 0 a 0 a 0 a 17 b 0 a 0 a 0 a 15 bc 0 a 0 a 0 a 12 bc 0 a 0 a 0 a 33 a *Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=0.05, LSD)

7 13/Dec/2006 (OR1206) AOV Means Table Page 1 of 3 University of Georgia, Dept. of Hort. Efficacy and of Mogeton. Trial ID: OR1206 Protocol ID: OR1206 Location: Griffin, GA Study Director: Dr. Mark zarnota Investigator: Dr. Mark zarnota Pest Type Pest ode Pest Name rop ode VINMI VINMI VINMI HYDQU BBH Scale BDI BDI BDI rop Name ommon periwinkle ommon periwinkle ommon periwinkle Hydrangea, Oakleaf Part Rated LEAF LEAF LEAF LEAF Rating Date 5/Sep/ /Sep/2006 3/Nov/2006 5/Sep/2006 Rating Data Type DAMHER DAMHER DAMHER DAMHER Rating Unit % % % % Days After First/Last Applic TrtEval Interval 3 WAT 6 WAT 12 WAT 3 WAT ARM Action odes P P P P Trt Treatment Rate No. Type Name Rate Unit Mogeton 3.4 LB A/A 0 a 0 a 0 a 22 a 2 Mogeton 6.8 LB A/A 0 a 0 a 0 a 23 a 3 Mogeton 3.4 LB A/A 0 a 0 a 0 a 7 a 4 Mogeton 6.8 LB A/A 0 a 0 a 0 a 7 a 5 Ronstar 200 LB/A 0 a 0 a 0 a 12 a 6 Showcase 100 LB/A 0 a 0 a 0 a 8 a 7 BroadStar 100 LB/A 0 a 0 a 0 a 14 a 8 UT 0 a 0 a 0 a 15 a LSD (P=.05) Standard Deviation V Grand Mean Bartlett's X P(Bartlett's X2) * Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F) Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=.05, StudentNewmanKeuls)

8 13/Dec/2006 (OR1206) AOV Means Table Page 2 of 3 University of Georgia, Dept. of Hort. Pest Type Pest ode Pest Name rop ode HYDQU HYDQU ASITR ASITR ASITR BBH Scale rop Name Hydrangea, Oakleaf Hydrangea, Oakleaf Pawpaw Pawpaw Pawpaw Part Rated LEAF LEAF LEAF LEAF LEAF Rating Date 18/Sep/2006 3/Nov/2006 5/Sep/ /Sep/2006 3/Nov/2006 Rating Data Type DAMHER DAMHER DAMHER DAMHER DAMHER Rating Unit % % % % % Days After First/Last Applic TrtEval Interval 6 WAT 12 WAT 3 WAT 6 WAT 12 WAT ARM Action odes P P P P P Trt Treatment Rate No. Type Name Rate Unit Mogeton 3.4 LB A/A 13 a 2 a 0 a 0 a 0 a 2 Mogeton 6.8 LB A/A 17 a 0 a 2 a 1 a 0 a 3 Mogeton 3.4 LB A/A 3 a 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a 4 Mogeton 6.8 LB A/A 0 a 0 a 0 a 5 a 0 a 5 Ronstar 200 LB/A 13 a 0 a 3 a 0 a 0 a 6 Showcase 100 LB/A 7 a 0 a 0 a 3 a 0 a 7 BroadStar 100 LB/A 0 a 0 a 2 a 3 a 0 a 8 UT 3 a 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a LSD (P=.05) Standard Deviation V Grand Mean Bartlett's X P(Bartlett's X2) 0.005* *. Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F) Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=.05, StudentNewmanKeuls)

9 13/Dec/2006 (OR1206) AOV Means Table Page 3 of 3 University of Georgia, Dept. of Hort. Pest Type W Weed Pest ode MARPO MARPO MARPO Pest Name Liverwort Liverwort Liverwort rop ode BBH Scale rop Name Part Rated LEAF LEAF LEAF Rating Date 5/Sep/ /Sep/2006 3/Nov/2006 Rating Data Type DAMHER DAMHER DAMHER Rating Unit % % % Days After First/Last Applic TrtEval Interval 3 WAT 6 WAT 12 WAT ARM Action odes P P P Trt Treatment Rate No. Type Name Rate Unit Mogeton 3.4 LB A/A 19 a 3 c 5 bc 2 Mogeton 6.8 LB A/A 18 a 0 c 0 c 3 Mogeton 3.4 LB A/A 17 a 1 c 0 c 4 Mogeton 6.8 LB A/A 18 a 0 c 0 c 5 Ronstar 200 LB/A 8 a 8 bc 17 b 6 Showcase 100 LB/A 7 a 13 ab 15 b 7 BroadStar 100 LB/A 4 a 6 bc 12 bc 8 UT 8 a 18 a 33 a LSD (P=.05) Standard Deviation V Grand Mean Bartlett's X P(Bartlett's X2) 0.001* 0.001* 0.003* Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F) Means followed by same letter do not significantly differ (P=.05, StudentNewmanKeuls)