Integrated Management Strategies for Perennial Pepperweed
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1 Integrated Management Strategies for Perennial Pepperweed Rob Wilson, Joseph DiTomaso, Debra Boelk, and Guy Kyser University of California Cooperative Extension
2 Perennial pepperweed is becoming the #1 weed problem in much of Northeast California and Western Nevada Background Rapidly invades floodplains, wetlands, roadsides, and rangeland (especially following disturbance) Many infestations have formed large moculture stands covering several acres
3 Management Obstacles Impenetrable thatch layer of senesced shoots Extensive creeping root system Sodic soils with less than 8 to 10 inches of yearly precipitation
4 How productive is this site?
5 Management Questions? Combining burning, mowing, grazing, or tillage with s and re-seeding Can burning, mowing, grazing, or tillage effectively remove thatch and stimulate vegetation recovery? Does burning, mowing, grazing, or tillage before treatment affect efficacy? How does integrating control methods influence re-seeding success and long-term weed suppression?
6 Experiment Design Established at two sites in Lassen County in Fall 2002 Both sites were moculture stands of perennial pepperweed Split-split-plot design with 4 replications 4 site preparation treatments burning, tillage, grazing, mowing, control 3 treatments chlorsulfuron, glyphosate, 2,4-D, control 1 re-vegetation treatment Seed native perennial grass mix, control
7 Experiment Design Burn glyphosate seed 2,4-D seed untreated seed chlorsulfuron seed glyphosate -seed 2,4-D -seed untreated -seed chlorsulfuron -seed
8 Winter Burning
9 Fall Disking
10 Winter Grazing
11 Spring Mowing at Flowering (fall re-growth)
12 Untreated (s alone)
13 Mow 1 st Year Treatments Burn Disk Graze Untreated chlorsulfuron + NIS (Telar) 1.5 oz ai/a fall regrowth 1.5 oz ai/a 1.5 oz ai/a 1.5 oz ai/a 1.5 oz ai/a glyphosate + NIS + AMS (Roundup) 3 lb ae/a fall regrowth 3 lb ae/a 3 lb ae/a 3 lb ae/a 3 lb ae/a 2,4-D D ester + NIS (Weedone LV4) 2 lb ae/a fall regrowth 2 lb ae/a 2 lb ae/a 2 lb ae/a 2 lb ae/a control
14 Mow fall mow drilled seed in March spring mow 2 nd Year Treatments Burn fall mow drilled seed in March Disk fall disk drilled seed in March Graze winter graze broadcast seed before grazing Untreated broadcast seed in March chlor- sulfuron 0.75 oz/a fall regrowth 0.75 oz/a 0.75 oz/a 0.75 oz/a 0.75 oz/a glyphosate 2,4-D D 2 nd yr fall regrowth 2,4-D fall regrowth control
15 Mow fall mow drilled seed in March spring mow 3rd Year Treatments Burn fall mow drilled seed in March Disk fall disk drilled seed in March Graze winter graze broadcast seed before grazing Untreated broadcast seed in March chlor- sulfuron glyphosate 2,4-D D 2 nd yr 2,4-D D 3 rd yr rd yr fall regrowth 2,4-D fall regrowth control
16 Native Perennial Grass Mix Rosana western wheatgrass (6 lb/a PLS) Shoshone beardless wildrye (9 lb/a PLS) Magnar basin wildrye (4 lb/a PLS) Revenue slender wheatgrass (2 lb/a PLS)
17 Results
18 Tillage + Roundup or 2,4-D Grazing + Roundup or 2,4-D Mowing + Fall Roundup or 2,4-D Burn + Roundup or 2,4-D Roundup or 2,4-D Tillage + 2,4-D The Effect of Control Methods on Perennial Pepperweed Cover June 2006 (4 years after treatment initiation) Grazing + 2,4-D Mowing + Fall 2,4-D Burn + 2,4-D 2,4-D Tillage + Telar Grazing + Telar Mowing + Fall Telar Burn + Telar Telar Tillage Grazing Mowing Burn Untreated Mapes Ranch Honeylake Wildlife Area Error bars= 95 % confidence interval % perennial pepperweed cover
19 Burn Disk Mow Graze
20 No Way!!
21 The Influence of Site Preparation Treatments and Herbicides on Perennial Grass Establishment in June 2006 (15 months after 2 nd seeding) Tillage + Roundup or 2,4-D Grazing + Roundup or 2,4-D Mowing + Fall Roundup or 2,4-D Burn + Roundup or 2,4-D Roundup or 2,4-D Tillage + 2,4-D Grazing + 2,4-D Mowing + Fall 2,4-D Burn + 2,4-D 2,4-D Mapes Ranch Tillage + Telar Honeylake Wildlife Area Grazing + Telar Mowing + Fall Telar Burn + Telar Telar Tillage Grazing Mowing Burn Untreated Error bars = 95 % confidence interval % Perennial Grass Cover
22 Chlorsulfuron Injury to Grass Seedlings
23 No Site Preparation or Reseeding (3 years after treatment initiation) untreated chlorsulfuron
24 Burn without Reseeding (3 years after treatment initiation) 2,4-D chlorsulfuron untreated
25 Mow + Glyphosate & 2,4-D D + Reseeding (3 years after treatment initiation)
26 Disk + Glyphosate & 2,4-D D + Reseeding (3 years after treatment initiation)
27 Burn + 2,4-D D + Reseeding (3 years after treatment initiation)
28 Burn + 2,4-D D + Reseeding (4 years after treatment initiation)
29 Disk + Glyphosate & 2,4-D + Reseeding (4 years after treatment initiation)
30 Summary Burning or mowing + yearly applications provided the best combination of perennial pepperweed control and grass establishment Thatch removal, reseeding, and treatment before and after grass establishment were necessary for site restoration Maintenance treatments and multiple reseedings need to be factored into management plans
31 Special Thanks UC Integrated Pest Management Program California Department of Fish and Game Five Dot Land and Cattle Willis Dow
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