Imperial County Agricultural Briefs

Transcription

1 Imperial County Agricultural Briefs Feature s September, 2007 From your Farm Advisors EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR CABBAGE LOOPER CONTROL IN CUCUMBER... Eric T. Natwick PERFORMANCE OF ICEBURG LETTUCE VARIETIES AND BREEDING LINES IN SPHINGOMONAS SUBERIFACIENS INFESTED SOIL.. Thomas A. Turini, Ryan Hayes and Beiquan Mou LETTUCE INSECTICIDES EVALUATION FOR WORM CONTROL... Eric T. Natwick PHOSPHORUS AND WATER QUALITY... Khaled M. Bali 9 EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES FOR WHITEFLY CONTROL IN BROCCOLI Eric T. Natwick SWEET SORGHUM.. Juan N. Guerrero 13 INSECTICIDES EVALUATION FOR WORM CONTROL IN CABBAGE Eric T. Natwick CIMIS REPORT... Khaled Bali and Steve Burch 18 Page Our Website is E. Holton Road Holtville, CA (760) CO-OPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK IN AGRICULTURE & HOME ECONOMICS, US DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA CO-OPERATING In accordance with applicable Federal and State Laws and University policy, the University of California does not discriminate in any of its policies, procedures, or practices on the basis of race, religion, color, national origin, sex, marital status, sexual orientation age, veteran status, medical condition, or handicap. Inquiries regarding this policy may be addressed to Affirmative Action Director, University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1111 Franklin Street, 6 th Floor, Oakland, CA (510) Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with U.S. Department of Agriculture W. R. Gomes, Director of Cooperative Extension, University of California

2 Evaluation of Insecticides for Cabbage Looper Control in Cucumber Eric T. Natwick A field trial was conducted at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center near Holtville, CA, to look at various insecticides for efficacy against cabbage looper on cucumber, variety Medalist, planted August 28, The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. Plots measured 50 ft by ft; 2 beds per plot on 80" centers. Insecticide treatments are listed in Table 1. Foliar spray treatments were applied at 53 gpa at 40 psi using a Spider Trac Sprayer with six TJ VS nozzles per bed on October 23. Evaluations were made by counting the numbers of cabbage looper larvae on ten plants in each plot on dates listed in Tables 1. An insecticide under development by DuPont, Coragen SC (Rynaxypyr ), Avaunt, and Proclaim were compared to the industry standards, Success. All insecticide treatments had significantly fewer cabbage looper larvae compared to the untreated control on October 26, November 1 and 9, or 3, 9 and 17 DAT (Table 1). Table 1. Insecticide efficacy evaluation for cabbage looper control on cucumber, Holtville, CA Treatment oz/acre Cabbage loopers/10 Plants 25 Sep 16 Oct 26 Oct 1 Nov 9 Nov 22 Nov Control a 2.50 a 2.00 a 0.00 Avaunt 30 WG b 0.00 b 0.25 b 0.00 Avaunt 30 WG b 0.00 b 0.25 b 0.00 Avaunt 30 WG + Vydate L b 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.00 Success b 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.00 *Intrepid 80 SP b 0.00 b 0.50 b 0.00 *Proclaim 5 WG b 0.75 b 0.50 b 0.25 *Coragen SC b 0.00 b 0.50 b 0.00 ns ns P = P = P = ns LSD = 0.67 LSD = 0.59 LSD = 1.25 Not registered for this use in California at the time of this publication. * Not registered for this use at time of this publication. 2

3 Performance of Iceberg Lettuce Varieties and Breeding Lines in Sphingomonas suberifaciens Infested Soil Thomas Turini, Ryan Hayes* and Beiquan Mou* * USDA ARS, Salinas Corky root of lettuce is caused by the soilborne bacterium Sphingomonas suberifaciens, formerly Rhizomonas suberifaciens. It is a widespread disease in costal lettuce production areas of California and is present in Imperial County. Symptoms of this disease begin as yellow lesions on the tap-root and larger laterals. Later, these bands expand and develop a greenish-brown rough appearance and longitudinal corky ridges become apparent. The center portion of the root may become brown and hollow. When the disease is severe, roots become brittle and may be pinched off. This disease will reduce plant size. Reductions by 30 to 70% have been reported. The disease tends to be more severe when soil temperatures are high. Between 50 o and 87 o F, growth of R. suberifaciens increases with increases in temperature. There has been extensive use of the cor gene to develop corky root resistance in iceberg and romaine cultivars. However, none of the commercially available corky root resistant iceberg varieties were developed specifically for the low desert environment. To address this issue, seed of 22 iceberg lettuce breeding lines or varieties were sown in a commercial field in the Bard area on 14 and 15 Sep and received the first irrigation on 15 Sep The entries are listed in the table below. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Each plot consisted of one 10 ft long 30 in bed with 2 seed lines per bed. On 27 and 28 Nov, five heads per plot in replications 1-3 were evaluated for quality. Heads were evaluated for firmness or maturity based on the following scale: 1 = no head or open, 2 = cap leaves have closed but the head is puffy, 3 = fully formed and filled head that yields under pressure, 4 = solid head that does not yield under pressure, 5 = heads that are splitting. The heads were cut, trimmed and weighed; weights are presented in lbs per head. Trimmed heads were sliced vertically and core length, head diameter and head height were measured; measurements are presented in inches. Five root systems per plot were dug for corky root disease evaluation. Replication 1 was dug on 28 Nov, Replications 2 and 3 were dug on 4 Dec and Replication 4 was dug on 5 Dec. Roots were rated on a 0 to 9 corky root disease severity scale in which 0 had completely white roots and 9 had dead plants with a dark brown taproot and minimal secondary root growth as described by Brown et al., Corky root severity differed among entries. Under the conditions of this study, root symptoms were least severe on 4010 W/S, which was not different than 4014 W/S, 4015 W/S, , 4017 W/S, 4016 W/S, , 4008 B/S and LSD (). Under the conditions of this study, all of these entries, with the exception of 4016 W/S, were unacceptable due to the core lengths W/S had a maturity rating of 2.3 and a head weight of 1.41 lbs, which indicates that it was not mature at harvest. While some of the entries had significantly lower corky root symptom severity, none of these were commercially acceptable under the conditions of this study. However, it is possible that if planted later, under cooler conditions, the core length would not exceed a commercially acceptable measurement. 3

4 Root disease ratings and quality of iceberg lettuce breeding lines and varieties in Rhizomonas suberifaciens infested soil in Bard, California receiving first irrigation on 15 Sep Entry Provider Corky root severity z Maturity y Core length (in) Head diameter (in) Head quality x Height (in) Weight per head (lbs) 4010 W/S Progeny W/S Progeny W/S Progeny USDA W/S Progeny W/S Progeny USDA B/S Progeny USDA USDA USDA W/S Progeny Lighthouse Keithly Williams Infineon Progeny Raider Keithly Williams Sizzler Gene Fresh Prestige Progeny W/S Progeny B/S Progeny Crusader Progeny Javelina Keithly Williams MoHawk Keithly Williams LSD () z Five roots per plot were dug on 28 Nov to 5 Dec and rated on a 0 to 9 corky root disease severity scale in which 0 had completely white roots and 9 had dead plants with a dark brown taproot and minimal secondary root growth y On 27 and 28 Nov, 5 heads per plot in replications 1 to 3 were evaluated for firmness or maturity based on the following scale: 1 = no head or open, 2 = cap leaves have closed but the head is puffy, 3 = fully formed and filled head that yields under pressure, 4 = solid head that does not yield under pressure, 5 = heads that are splitting. x On 27 and 28 Nov, 5 heads per plot were cut, trimmed and weighed. Trimmed heads were sliced vertically and core length, head diameter and head height were measured.

5 Lettuce Insecticides Evaluation for Worm Control Eric T. Natwick A field trial was conducted at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center near Holtville, CA, to look at various insecticides for efficacy against worm pests on head lettuce, variety Lighthouse, planted September 18, The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. Plots measured 50 ft by ft; 4 beds per plot on 40" centers. Insecticide treatments are listed in Table 1. Foliar spray treatments were applied at 53 gpa at 40 psi using a Spider Trac Sprayer with three TJ VS nozzles per bed on October 17, November 17 and 29. Evaluations were made by counting the numbers of beet armyworm larvae and cabbage looper larvae on ten plants in each plot on dates listed in Tables 1 and 2. Two insecticides not registered for use on lettuce and under development, BAS SC (metaflumizone) under development by BASF Corp. and XDE SC, a spinosyn insecticide (spinetoram) under development by Dow AgroSciences, were compared to industry standards. All insecticide treatments had significantly (P < 0.05) fewer beet armyworm larvae compared to the untreated control on October 23 and 27, 6 and 10 days after treatment one (DAT1), respectively (Table 1). All insecticide treatments had significantly fewer beet armyworm larvae compared to the untreated control on November 20 and 27, 3 and 10 DAT2, respectively and on December 4, 5 DAT3 and for the post treatment means. Cabbage looper numbers were significantly lower for all insecticide treatments compared to the untreated control on all post-treatment sampling dates (Table 2). All insecticide treatments had significantly more marketable lettuce heads and higher percentages of marketable heads compared to the untreated control (Table 3).

6 Table 2. Beet Armyworms per Ten Plants, Holtville, CA Treatment oz/acre 10 Oct 23 Oct 30 Oct 6 Nov 13 Nov 20 Nov 27 Nov 4 Dec y PTM z Control a 1.50 a a 2.25 a 2.00 a 0.27 a 1.61 a BAS SC b 0.00 b c 0.25 b 0.25 b 0.00 b 0.32 bc BAS SC + Warrior BAS SC f/b Success BAS SC + Warrior BAS SC + Warrior b 0.00 b c 0.25 b 0.75 b 0.00 b 0.21 bc b 0.00 b c 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.11 bc b 0.00 b c 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.14 bc b 0.00 b ab 0.50 b 0.50 b 0.00 b 0.36 b Success 2 SC b 0.00 b bc 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.07 bc Avaunt 30 WG b 0.00 b c 0.25 b 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.18 bc XDE SC b 0.00 b c 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.12 b 0.04 c XDE SC b 0.00 b c 0.25 b 0.25 b 0.00 b 0.14 bc XDE SC b 0.50 b c 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.07 bc Intrepid 2 SC b 0.00 b bc 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.07 bc ns P=0.013 ns P=0.002 P=0.002 P=0.001 P=0.003 LSD=0.65 LSD=0.42 LSD=0.78 LSD=0.94 LSD=0.83 LSD=0.13 LSD=0.32 Penetrator 0.1% v/v. Crop Oil 0.1% v/v. y Log transformed data used for analysis. z Post treatment means.

7 Table 3. Cabbage Loopers per Ten Plants, Holtville, CA Treatment oz/acre 10 Oct 23 Oct 30 Oct 6 Nov 13 Nov 20 Nov 27 Nov 4 Dec PTM z Control a 7.00 a 5.50 a 7.25 a 3.75 a 4.25 a 4.00 a 5.71 a BAS SC bc 1.00 b 0.75 b 1.50 b 1.00 b 1.00 b 0.75 c 0.96 bc BAS SC + Warrior BAS SC f/b Success BAS SC + Warrior BAS SC + Warrior b 1.00 b 4.50 a 1.25 bc 0.25 bc 0.50 b 0.00 c 1.29 b bc 0.50 b 2.25 b 0.05 bc 0.00 c 0.00 b 0.00 c 0.54 cde bc 0.25 b 1.00 b 0.75 bc 0.50 bc 0.25 b 0.00 c 0.46 de c 0.75 b 0.75 b 0.00 c 0.00 c 0.25 b 0.00 c 0.29 de Success 2 SC bc 1.00 b 1.75 b 0.50 bc 0.25 bc 0.25 b 0.00 c 0.64 cd Avaunt 30 WG c 0.25 b 0.50 b 0.00 c 0.00 c 0.50 b 0.50 bc 0.29 de XDE SC c 0.75 b 1.50 b 1.25 bc 0.00 c 0.00 b 0.25 bc 0.57 cde XDE SC bc 0.25 b 1.50 b 0.00 c 0.00 c 0.25 b 0.25 bc 0.39 de XDE SC c 0.00 b 0.50 b 0.25 bc 0.00 c 0.00 b 0.00 c 0.11 e Intrepid 2 SC c 0.75 b 1.25 b 1.00 bc 0.05 bc 0.00 b 0.25 bc 0.54 cde ns LSD=1.11 LSD=1.75 LSD=1.75 LSD=1.43 LSD=0.99 LSD=1.17 LSD=0.70 LSD=0.49 Penetrator 0.1% v/v. Crop Oil 0.1% v/v. z Post treatment means.

8 Table 4. Market and Worm Damaged Heads per Acre, Holtville, CA Treatment oz/acre Worm Damaged Marketable Heads Total Heads Control a c c BAS SC b bc b BAS SC + Warrior BAS SC f/b Success BAS SC + Warrior BAS SC + Warrior cd bc ab 0.50 g b a 1.00 fg ab a 2.75 cd ab ab Success 2 SC cde ab ab Avaunt 30 WG efg ab a XDE SC c ab ab XDE SC cd a ab XDE SC def ab ab Intrepid 2 SC cd ab ab Percent Marketable P = P=0.012 ns LSD = 1.12 LSD=5.24 LSD=0.13 Penetrator 0.1% v/v. Crop Oil 0.1% v/v. 8

9 Phosphorus and Water Quality Khaled M. Bali California Regional Water Quality Control Boards (CRWQCBs) are in the process of developing total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) that define how much of a pollutant a water body can tolerate on a daily basis. Regional Boards are also expected to set limits for these pollutants such that these water bodies attain their beneficial uses. Why Phosphorus? Discharges from the New River, Alamo River and agricultural drains in the Imperial Valley account for almost 85% of the total annual flow of fresh water to the Salton Sea. The Salton Sea provides significant habitat for fish and wildlife. Rising salinity, sediment, and nutrients may threaten these habitats. The load of nutrients (mainly phosphorus and nitrogen) and sediment in Imperial Valley drains and rivers have resulted in degraded conditions that impair the state-designated beneficial uses of the Salton Sea. Phosphorous (P) has been identified as the primary nutrient creating eutrophic conditions in the Salton Sea. The two main external sources of P are agricultural drains and the New River load from Mexicali. What can be done to achieve the TMDL objectives? A significant reduction in P loading rate to the Salton Sea must be achieved to decrease the probability of eutrophic conditions in the Salton Sea. This reduction can be achieved by either reducing the concentration of P and sediment in surface runoff water and New River water and/or by the removal of P from drainage and river waters. Can we do it? Agricultural P management techniques may be implemented to reduce the concentration of P in drainage waters. In addition, the P load from Mexicali in the New River must be substantially reduced to improve the quality of water that is being discharged into the Salton Sea. The combined effect of these two measures may reduce the P concentration in drainage/river waters by as much as 40-50% of current levels. Complying with the current silt/sediment TMDL should reduce P load in drainage water. This reduction in P load will lead to improvements in the quality of water discharged into the Sea but may not be sufficient to eliminate the eutrophic conditions in the Sea. Additional measures to remove soluble P from drainage water may be needed. There are concerns that it may take years or decades for such measures to be effective in reducing eutrophic conditions in the Salton Sea due to the current internal load of P in the Salton Sea (the release of P from sediment in the Salton Sea). Additional resources UCCE website ( Imperial County Farm Bureau TMDL website ( Colorado River Basin Regional Water Quality Control Board 9

10 Evaluation of Insecticides for Whitefly Control in Broccoli Eric T. Natwick A broccoli, variety Cumberland, field trial at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center near Holtville, CA was planted September 18, 2006 to evaluate insecticide treatments for efficacy against silverleaf whitefly. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five replicates. Plots measured 50 ft by ft; 4 beds per plot no 40" centers. Insecticide treatments are listed in Table 1. Platinum 2 SC and Admire Pro were injected two inches below the seed line on September 18. Foliar spray treatments of Actara 25 WG, Rimon 0.83 EC and Oberon 2 SC, at the rates listed, were applied using a Spider Trac Sprayer with three TJ VS nozzles per bed delivering 53 gpa at 40 psi on the dates listed in Table 1. Kenetic at 4 fl oz/100 gal added to foliar spray mixtures. Evaluations were made by counting the numbers of whitefly adults on basal leaves of ten plants in each plot on dates listed in Tables 2. Whitefly eggs and nymphs were counted within 1.65 cm 2 leaf disks from ten basal leaves from each plot using a binocular microscope on date listed in Tables 3 and 4. All insecticide treatments had significantly (P < 0.05) fewer silverleaf whitefly adults compared to the untreated control on sampling dates for October 25, November 1, and 21 (Table 2). Only the Admire Pro followed by Oberon 2SC had significantly fewer whitefly eggs than the untreated control on October 25 and November 1, Table 3. On October 25, the Actara 25 WG treatments had significantly more whitefly nymphs than all other insecticide treatments and the untreated control, Table 4. All insecticides except the Actara 25 WG treatments had significantly fewer whitefly nymphs compared to the untreated control on November 1. All insecticides except the Actara oz/acre and Rimon had significantly fewer whitefly nymphs compared to the untreated control on November 7. On November 15, all insecticide treatment except the Actara 25 WG treatments and the Rimon treatment had significantly fewer whitefly nymphs compared to the untreated control. All insecticides except the Actara oz/acre had significantly fewer whitefly nymphs compared to the untreated control on November 28. On November 21 and December 7, only Admire Pro followed by Oberon 2SC and Platinum oz/acre had significantly fewer whitefly nymphs than the untreated control. Table 1. Whitefly Control Insecticides on Broccoli, Holtville, CA, Treatment lb(ai)/acre oz/acre Applications Date 1. Untreated Platinum 2SC Sep 3. Platinum 2SC Sep 4. Actara 25WG Oct, 8 & 30 Nov 5. Actara 25WG Oct, 8 & 30 Nov 6. Rimon 0.83EC Oct, 8 & 30 Nov 7. Admire Pro f/b Oberon 2SC Sep 4 Oct, 8 & 30 Nov

11 Table 2. Whitefly Adults per Leaf Following Various Insecticide Treatments In Broccoli, Holtville, CA, Treatment Oz/acre 3 Oct 11 Oct 25 Oct 1 Nov 7 Nov 15 Nov 21 Nov 28 Nov 7 Dec Untreated a a a a a 2.13 Platinum 2SC b b 2.80 c b Platinum 2SC b b 4.25 bc b Actara 25WG b b 4.78 bc b Actara 25WG b b 5.23 bc b Rimon 0.83EC b b 6.63 b b Admire Pro f/b Oberon 2SC b b 3.25 bc b P = ns ns ns ns Table 3. Whitefly Eggs per 16.5 cm 2 of Broccoli Leaf Following Various Insecticide Treatments, Holtville, CA, Treatment Oz/acre 3 Oct 11 Oct 25 Oct 1 Nov 7 Nov 15 Nov 21 Nov 28 Nov 7 Dec Untreated abc a ab Platinum 2SC bcd ab ab Platinum 2SC cd ab b Actara 25WG abc a b Actara 25WG a a a Rimon 0.83EC ab ab ab Admire Pro f/b Oberon 2SC d b b P = 0.05 ns ns ns ns ns ns

12 Table 4. Whitefly Nymphs per 16.5 cm 2 of Broccoli Leaf Following Various Insecticide Treatments, Holtville, CA, Treatment Oz/acre 3 Oct 11 Oct 25 Oct 1 Nov 7 Nov 15 Nov 21 Nov z 28 Nov 7 Dec Untreated bc a a a 2.19 a a ab Platinum 2SC bc b bc bc 2.25 a bcd a Platinum 2SC bc b bc c 1.89 bc cd bc Actara 25WG ab a bc abc 2.10 ab bcd a Actara 25WG a a ab a 2.26 a ab ab Rimon 0.83EC b b ab ab 2.12 a bc a Admire Pro f/b Oberon 2SC c b c bc 1.82 c d c P = 0.05 ns ns z Log transformed data used for analysis. 12

13 Sweet Sorghum Juan N. Guerrero Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) has been grown in India since before recorded history. Sweet sorghum is a plant that thrives in hot climates and is drought tolerant. There are many different kinds of sorghums: sudangrass, johnsongrass, grain sorghums and sweet sorghum. Sweet sorghum was grown originally in the USA as a forage crop. Its sweet stem made the forage very palatable for grazing livestock. Also because of the sweet stem (figure 1), sweet sorghum also makes an excellent quality silage, comparable to corn silage. The high sugar content of the stems makes a silage high in lactic acid, good for both silage preservation and silage quality. Because of the high sugar content (Brix values > 15) of the stems, sweet sorghums have been very popular in the southern USA for syrup (black-strap molasses). Sweet sorghum is a tall plant (figure 2), often growing to 15 ft tall. Research in the USA has demonstrated that sweet sorghum is comparable to corn for ethanol production. Wisconsin research demonstrated that corn yielded 332 gal/a of ethanol; while different sweet sorghum varieties yielded from 250 to 408 gal/a of ethanol. Sweet sorghum is an annual, reaching plant maturity from 92 to 180 d; while sugarcane reaches maturity in 12 to 24 months. Sweet sorghum would fit nicely into an Imperial Valley crop rotation. Sweet sorghum research trials conducted at UC-Davis had potential ethanol yields ranging from 294 to 576 gal/a. In India, where sweet sorghum research is quite advanced, sweet sorghum is a preferred feed stock for ethanol production in comparison to corn and sugarcane. In India, sweet sorghum used ½ the water of corn and 1/8 the amount of water as sugarcane to grow a crop. Sweet sorghum is also environmentally friendly because it is a carbon neutral crop. Carbon neutrality means that a crop fixes the same of amount of carbon dioxide in comparison to the CO 2 released during its conversion to ethanol and during ethanol combustion. Currently at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center, we are evaluating different grain sorghum varieties, which might be valuable in ethanol production. We are also growing sweet sorghum, which also looks very good. We will be reporting the results of these sorghum trials next April. Sources: (accessed: 8/17/07) (accessed; 8/17/07) Hills, F. J., R. T. Lewellen and I. O. Skoyen Sweet sorghum cultivars for alcohol production. Cal. Agric. 44(1):

14 Figure 1. Sweet sorghum stems, UCDREC Figure 2. Sweet sorghum plants, UCDREC

15 Insecticides Evaluation for Worm Control in Cabbage Eric T. Natwick A field trial was conducted at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center near Holtville, CA, to look at various insecticides for efficacy against worm pests on cabbage, variety Headstart, planted September 18, Several insecticides were compared to an untreated control. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. Plots measured 50 ft by ft; 4 beds per plot on 40" centers. Insecticide treatments are listed in Table 1. Foliar spray treatments were applied at 53 gpa at 40 psi using a Spider Trac Sprayer with three TJ VS nozzles per bed on October 17, November 17 and 30, and December 18. Evaluations were made by counting the numbers of beet armyworm larvae and cabbage looper larvae on ten plants in each plot on dates listed in Tables 1 and 2. All insecticide treatments had significantly (P < 0.05) fewer beet armyworm larvae compared to the untreated control on November 6 and 14, or 20 and 28 days after treatment one (DAT1), respectively (Table 1). All insecticide treatments had significantly fewer beet armyworm larvae compared to the untreated control on December 5 and 13, or 5 and 13 DAT3, respectively and on January 4, or 17 DAT4. Cabbage looper numbers were significantly lower for all insecticide treatments compared to the untreated control for all sampling dates from October 24 through November 14, or 7, 13, 20 and 28 DAT1,(Table 2). All insecticide treatments had significantly fewer cabbage looper larvae compared to the untreated control on November 20 and 27, or 3 and 10 DAT2, respectively. All insecticide treatments had significantly fewer cabbage looper larvae compared to the untreated control on December 5 and 13, or 5 and 13 DAT3, respectively. All insecticide treatment had significantly few worm damaged cabbage heads, more marketable heads and higher percentages of marketable heads compared to the untreated control, (Table 3).

16 Table 2. Beet Armyworms per Ten Plants, Holtville, CA Treatment oz/acre 10 Oct 24 Oct 30 Oct 6 Nov 14 Nov 20 Nov 27 Nov 5 Dec 13 Dec 4Jan Untreated Control a 1.75 a a 1.75 a 2.0 a Baythroid XL b 0.25 b b 0.25 b 0.00 c Baythroid XL b 0.00 b b 0.25 b 0.50 bc Renounce 20 WP b 0.25 b b 0.00 b 0.00 c Renounce 20 WP b 0.25 b b 0.00 b 0.25 c Renounce 20 WP b 0.50 b b 0.25 b 1.00 b Rimon 0.83EC b 0.25 b b 0.00 b 0.00 c Rimon 0.83EC b 0.25 b b 0.00 b 0.25 c Success 2 SC b 0.00 b b 0.00 b 0.25 c ns ns ns ns ns Table 3. Cabbage Loopers per Ten Plants, Holtville, CA Treatment oz/acre 10 Oct 24 Oct 30 Oct z 6 Nov 14 Nov 20 Nov 27 Nov 5 Dec 13 Dec 4Jan Untreated Control a 1.10 a a 7.50 a 4.50 a 4.25 a 4.50 a 7.25 a 1.00 Baythroid XL b 0.50 b 3.75 bc 1.75 b 0.50 c 1.75 b 0.00 c 2.00 b 0.00 Baythroid XL b 0.57 b 4.25 bc 0.00 c 0.50 c 2.25 b 0.50 bc 0.75 b 0.00 Renounce 20 WP b 0.36 bc 4.75 b 2.75 b 0.25 c 1.50 b 1.50 b 0.50 b 0.00 Renounce 20 WP b 0.39 bc 3.00 bc 2.25 b 1.75 b 2.00 b 0.50 bc 1.25 b 0.00 Renounce 20 WP b 0.60 b 2.75 bc 2.00 b 0.00 c 1.25 b 0.00 c 1.75 b 0.00 Rimon 0.83EC b 0.39 bc 4.75 b 1.25 bc 0.75 bc 1.50 b 1.00 bc 2.25 b 0.25 Rimon 0.83EC b 0.51 b 3.00 bc 1.75 b 0.75 bc 2.00 b 1.00 bc 1.50 b 0.00 Success 2 SC b 0.08 c 2.00 c 0.00 c 0.50 c 1.00 b 0.00 c 0.50 b 0.00 ns P=0.10 P=0.10 ns LSD=3.46 LSD=0.37 LSD=2.74 LSD=1.54 LSD=1.11 LSD=1.60 LSD=1.35 LSD=2.42 z Log transformed data used for analysis. 16

17 Table 4. Worm Damaged and Market Cabbage Heads per acre, Percentages of Marketable Heads, and Weight of Market Heads per Acre, Holtville, CA Treatment oz/acre Worm Damaged Marketable Heads Total Heads Percent Marketable Kg Market Heads Untreated Control a c c c Baythroid XL b b ab b Baythroid XL b ab ab b Renounce 20 WP b a a ab Renounce 20 WP b ab ab ab Renounce 20 WP b b b b Rimon 0.83EC b ab ab ab Rimon 0.83EC b ab ab ab Success 2 SC b ab ab a LSD=3.84 LSD=5.35 ns LSD=0.15 LSD=3.96

18 CIMIS REPORT Khaled Bali and Steve Burch* California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) is a statewide network operated by California Department of Water Resources. Estimates of the daily reference evapotranspiration (ET o ) for the period of September 1 to November 30 for three locations in the Imperial County are presented in Table 1. ET of a particular crop can be estimated by multiplying ET o by crop coefficients. For more information about ET and crop coefficients, contact the UC Imperial County Cooperative Extension Office ( ) or the IID, Irrigation Management Unit ( ). Please feel free to call us if you need additional weather information, or check the latest weather data on the worldwide web (visit and click on the CIMIS link). Table 1. Estimates of daily Evapotranspiration (ET o ) in inches per day Station September October November Calipatria El Centro (Seeley) Holtville (Meloland) * Irrigation Management Unit, Imperial Irrigation District.