2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 1

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1 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 1 CPB Systemic Seed/In-Furrow Trial Hancock, Wisconsin, USA, 2018 Russell Groves, Scott Chapman, Ben Bradford, Linda Crubaugh Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Purpose. This trial was conducted to evaluate the crop protection performance of several rates of two experimental systemic insecticides applied as either seed treatments or at-plant in-furrow sprays relative to commercial standards and an untreated control. An equivalent trial was conducted at Arlington, WI. Experimental design. This experiment was conducted at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station (HARS), located 1.1 miles southwest of Hancock, WI, in field E-12 ( , ) in Soil was of a loamy sand type ( Plainfield Sand ). Four replicates of 14 experimental treatments and 1 untreated control were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Furrows were cut using a commercial potato planter without closing discs attached. Potato, Solanum tuberosum cv. Russet Burbank seed pieces were hand planted on May 3 rd. Seed pieces were spaced approximately 12 inches apart within rows. Rows were spaced on 3 ft. centers. The four-row plots measured 12 ft. wide by 40 ft. long, for a total of acres. One untreated guard row separated plots. Treatments. This trial consists of a combination of seed treatment and in-furrow applications of fungicides and insecticides intended to provide season-long protection against disease and insect pest pressure. All seed with the exception of the untreated control received a seed treatment of the fungicide Maxim 4 FS at a rate of 0.08 fl oz/cwt seed. Insecticide treatments consisted seed or in-furrow applications of the commercial standards Belay and Verimark, and the experimental compounds EXP-1 and EXP-2. See Table 1 for additional treatment information. Insect counts. Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata, populations were assessed on 10 randomly selected plants in each plot for adults, small larvae (1 st -2 nd instars), and large larvae (3 rd -4 th instars). Egg masses were counted on 25 leaves. Potato Leafhopper (PLH), Empoasca fabae, adults were sampled using sweep net techniques (15 sweeps per plot). PLH nymphs and aphids were assessed by visual inspection of 25 leaves per plot. Insect counts were performed weekly from week Plant health. Stand counts were conducted by counting the number of emerged plants in each of the two center rows in each plot. Stand counts were performed on Jun 6 and Jun 26 (week 6 and 9). All treatments achieved at least 70% emergence (range 72% - 86%). Phytotoxicity was scouted on Jun 15 and Jun 22 and some chlorosis was noted on several treatments with the most notable damage on treatments 4, 11, and 15 though plants recovered later in the season. Defoliation ratings (% DF) were determined by visual observation of the entire plot and were performed weekly from week Harvest. A single 40 ft.-long row from the center of each plot was harvested on Aug 20 (17 weeks after planting) to determine yield and tuber quality. Tubers were graded using an AgRay Vision X-Ray grading machine which generated electronic measurements of tuber size and weight. The second-largest value of a tuber s dimension in the X, Y, and Z directions was considered its diameter and compared against the following USDA classification scheme: A-size tubers are larger than in diameter, B-size tubers fall between and 1.5, and C-size tubers fall below 1.5 diameter. Data analysis. Insect count data was log transformed (log(xx + 1)) and percentages were arcsine square root transformed (sin 1 xx) prior to analysis. Treatment effects were determined using analysis of variance. Means separation letter codes were generated using Tukey s HSD procedure (α=.05).

2 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 2 Table of Contents Table 1. Treatment detail... 3 Figure 1. Plot Map (not to scale)... 3 Table 2. Plot management record... 4 Table 3. Irrigation and precipitation record... 5 Table 4. Colorado Potato Beetle Adult Counts... 6 Table 5. Colorado Potato Beetle Egg Mass Counts... 7 Table 6. Colorado Potato Beetle Small Larvae Counts... 8 Table 7. Colorado Potato Beetle Large Larvae Counts... 9 Table 8. Potato Leafhopper Adult Counts Table 9. Potato Leafhopper Nymph Counts Table 10. Aphid Counts Table 11a-b. Mean cumulative insect counts Figure 2. Cumulative CPB Adults Figure 3. Cumulative CPB Egg Masses Figure 4. Cumulative CPB Small Larvae Figure 5. Cumulative CPB Large Larvae Figure 6. Cumulative PLH Adult Counts Figure 7. Cumulative PLH Nymph Counts Figure 8. Cumulative Aphid Counts Table 12. Defoliation Ratings Figure 9. Defoliation Ratings Table 13. Yield and Tuber Quality Figure 10. Yield... 20

3 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 3 Table 1. Treatment detail Trt Product Form Unit Type Placement Rate Unit 1 UNTREATED 2 Belay 2.13 lb/gal SC In-furrow 12 fl oz/a 3 Belay 2.13 lb/gal SC Seed 0.5 fl oz/cwt 4 Verimark 1.67 lb/gal SC Seed 0.7 fl oz/cwt 5 Verimark 1.67 lb/gal SC In-furrow 13 fl oz/a 6 EXP-1 SC In-furrow Low 7 EXP-1 SC In-furrow Med 8 EXP-1 SC In-furrow High 9 EXP-1 SC Seed Low 10 EXP-1 SC Seed Med 11 EXP-1 SC Seed High 12 EXP-2 SC In-furrow Low 13 EXP-2 SC In-furrow High 14 EXP-2 SC Seed Low 15 EXP-2 SC Seed High All non-control treatments additionally received a seed treatment of Maxim 4 FS at 0.08 fl oz/cwt Figure 1. Plot Map (not to scale) N 16 rows (48') Spray Alley (12') 16 rows (48') ' 40' ' ' ' ' ' 40' ' ' 40' 40' '

4 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 4 Table 2. Plot management record Date Equipment Product Type Rate Unit 04/25/2018 Airflow Fertilizer Applicator S-21Ca, Calcium Sulfate FERT 500 lb / acre 04/25/2018 Airflow Fertilizer Applicator Potash FERT 450 lb / acre 04/26/2018 Airflow Fertilizer Applicator MAP FERT 200 lb / acre 05/03/2018 Soil Finisher, Brillion 05/03/2018 Potato Planter - Kverneland S+micros FERT 550 lb / acre 05/03/2018 Hiller, Row Closer 05/18/2018 Spray Coupe Parallel HERB 1 pints / acre 05/18/2018 Spray Coupe Metribuzin 75 Dry Flowable HERB 0.5 lb / acre 05/18/2018 Hiller/Sidedresser S Ammonium Sulfate FERT 360 lb / acre 05/18/2018 Hiller/Sidedresser IrrigAid Gold 0.5 pints / acre 06/06/2018 Airflow Fertilizer Applicator Ammonium Nitrate FERT 350 lb / acre 06/11/2018 Spray Coupe Matrix HERB 1.5 dry oz. / acre 06/11/2018 Spray Coupe Non Ionic Surfactant 80/20 ADJ 1 pints / acre 06/15/2018 Spray Coupe Penncozeb 75DF FUNG 2 lb / acre 06/22/2018 Spray Coupe Initiate 720 FUNG 1.5 pints / acre 06/28/2018 Airflow Fertilizer Applicator Ammonium Nitrate FERT 150 lb / acre 06/29/2018 Spray Coupe Tanos FUNG 8 dry oz. / acre 06/29/2018 Spray Coupe Initiate 720 FUNG 1.5 pints / acre 07/02/2018 Spray Coupe Besiege INSE 9 fluid oz / acre 07/02/2018 Spray Coupe MSO ADJ 4 fluid oz / acre 07/05/2018 Spray Coupe Initiate 720 FUNG 1.5 pints / acre 07/11/2018 Spray Coupe Besiege INSE 7 fluid oz / acre 07/11/2018 Spray Coupe MSO ADJ 8 fluid oz / acre 07/13/2018 Spray Coupe Initiate 720 FUNG 1.5 pints / acre 07/13/2018 Spray Coupe Headline FUNG 12 fluid oz / acre 07/21/2018 Spray Coupe Initiate 720 FUNG 1.5 pints / acre 07/26/2018 Spray Coupe Besiege INSE 6 fluid oz / acre 07/26/2018 Spray Coupe Initiate 720 FUNG 1.5 pints / acre 07/26/2018 Spray Coupe Revus Top FUNG 7 fluid oz / acre 07/26/2018 Spray Coupe MSO ADJ 8 fluid oz / acre 08/02/2018 Spray Coupe Initiate 720 FUNG 1.5 pints / acre 08/08/2018 Spray Coupe Diquat E HERB 1.5 pints / acre 08/08/2018 Spray Coupe Non Ionic Surfactant 80/20 ADJ 1 pints / acre 08/10/2018 Spray Coupe Penncozeb 75DF FUNG 1.5 lb / acre 08/13/2018 Spray Coupe Diquat E HERB 1.5 pints / acre 08/13/2018 Spray Coupe Non Ionic Surfactant 80/20 ADJ 1 pints / acre 08/20/2018 Potato Digger, Blue

5 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 5 Table 3. Irrigation and precipitation record Month Day Precip. (in) Irrig. (in) Total Run. Total Apr May Month Day Precip. Irrig. Total Run. (in) (in) Total Jun Jul Month Day Precip. Irrig. Total Run. (in) (in) Total Aug Grand Total

6 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 6 Table 4. Colorado Potato Beetle Adult Counts Trt Product 13-Jun (wk 7) 22-Jun (wk 8) 28-Jun (wk 9) 10-Jul (wk 11) 16-Jul (wk 12) 25-Jul (wk 13) 03-Aug (wk 14) Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD 1 UNTREATED 6.75 ± 4.35 a 1.75 ± 2.22 ab 0.25 ± 0.50 a ± c ± c ± c ± 9.04 a 2 Belay IF (12 fl oz/a) 4.25 ± 0.96 a ± c 2.75 ± 1.50 a 7.25 ± 6.85 ab ± abc ± bc ± a 3 Belay ST (0.5 fl oz/cwt) 4.50 ± 1.29 a 7.50 ± 2.52 bc 2.50 ± 2.08 a 7.75 ± 5.91 ab ± abc ± c ± a 4 Verimark ST (0.7 fl oz/cwt) 8.50 ± 5.80 a 4.50 ± 5.20 abc 0.75 ± 0.96 a ± 8.73.b ± bc ± bc ± a 5 Verimark IF (13 fl oz/a) 5.50 ± 2.38 a 9.75 ± 5.56.bc 1.50 ± 1.00 a 6.75 ± 2.75 ab ± 7.41 ab ± abc ± a 6 EXP-1 IF (Low) 3.00 ± 2.58 a 2.25 ± 2.06 abc 3.00 ± 1.83 a 3.25 ± 4.03 ab ± ab ± abc ± a 7 EXP-1 IF (Med) 3.00 ± 1.83 a 2.50 ± 1.73 abc 1.00 ± 1.15 a 3.25 ± 1.71 ab ± abc ± abc ± a 8 EXP-1 IF (High) 2.50 ± 2.38 a 1.00 ± 1.41 a 1.00 ± 1.41 a 1.75 ± 1.50 a 8.25 ± 8.54 a ± ab ± a 9 EXP-1 ST (Low) 2.50 ± 1.00 a 6.00 ± 4.08 abc 1.50 ± 0.58 a ± ab ± abc ± bc ± a 10 EXP-1 ST (Med) 2.25 ± 0.96 a 2.00 ± 1.83 abc 2.00 ± 1.41 a 3.00 ± 3.16 ab ± abc ± c ± a 11 EXP-1 ST (High) 2.50 ± 0.58 a 2.50 ± 1.73 abc 1.50 ± 1.00 a 4.00 ± 2.16 ab 9.00 ± 6.27 a ± bc ± a 12 EXP-2 IF (Low) 2.00 ± 1.83 a 3.00 ± 0.82 abc 2.25 ± 0.96 a 4.00 ± 4.08 ab ± ab ± abc ± a 13 EXP-2 IF (High) 2.75 ± 2.75 a 1.00 ± 1.41 a 2.00 ± 1.63 a 1.75 ± 0.50 a 9.25 ± 5.97 ab ± abc ± a 14 EXP-2 ST (Low) 2.25 ± 1.89 a 3.25 ± 2.75 abc 0.75 ± 0.50 a 5.75 ± 3.86 ab ± 6.22 ab ± c ± a 15 EXP-2 ST (High) 4.25 ± 1.26 a 1.75 ± 2.22 ab 0.75 ± 0.50 a 4.50 ± 4.20 ab ± ab ± 3.40 a ± a P = n.s n.s. < n.s. Adult counts are reported per 10 plants. See week 8 counts for 1 st generation adult performance, see weeks for 2 nd generation adult performance. Means followed by same letter code are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD, α=.05)

7 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 7 Table 5. Colorado Potato Beetle Egg Mass Counts Trt Product 13-Jun (wk 7) 22-Jun (wk 8) 28-Jun (wk 9) 10-Jul (wk 11) 16-Jul (wk 12) 25-Jul (wk 13) 03-Aug (wk 14) Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD 1 UNTREATED 8.75 ± cd 1.00 ± 2.00 ab 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 2 Belay IF (12 fl oz/a) 3.00 ± 2.31 abcd 3.75 ± 5.19 abc 2.25 ± 2.87 a 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 3 Belay ST (0.5 fl oz/cwt) 6.00 ± 3.46.bcd 4.25 ± 3.20.bc 2.50 ± 1.29 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 1.00 ± 0.82 a 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 4 Verimark ST (0.7 fl oz/cwt) ± d 2.25 ± 0.96 abc 1.00 ± 0.82 a 0.75 ± 0.96 a 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 5 Verimark IF (13 fl oz/a) 7.25 ± cd 7.50 ± c 1.25 ± 1.26 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 6 EXP-1 IF (Low) 1.75 ± 0.96 abc 4.25 ± 2.50.bc 2.50 ± 2.38 a 1.25 ± 1.26 a 0.75 ± 0.96 a 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 7 EXP-1 IF (Med) 1.75 ± 2.06 abc 2.75 ± 2.06 abc 1.50 ± 1.29 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.75 ± 0.96 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 8 EXP-1 IF (High) 1.50 ± 1.73 abc 0.25 ± 0.50 ab 1.25 ± 1.26 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 9 EXP-1 ST (Low) 1.00 ± 1.41 ab 3.50 ± 2.38 abc 1.50 ± 0.58 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.50 ± 0.58 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 10 EXP-1 ST (Med) 1.50 ± 2.38 abc 3.50 ± 3.70 abc 2.00 ± 1.41 a 1.25 ± 1.26 a 0.50 ± 0.58 a 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 11 EXP-1 ST (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.75 ± 0.50 ab 0.75 ± 0.96 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 12 EXP-2 IF (Low) 1.25 ± 1.26 abc 6.00 ± 9.35 abc 1.25 ± 0.96 a 0.50 ± 0.58 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 13 EXP-2 IF (High) 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.75 ± 0.96 ab 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.50 ± 0.58 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 14 EXP-2 ST (Low) 1.50 ± 3.00 ab 0.00 ± 0.00 a 2.00 ± 2.83 a 0.75 ± 0.96 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.50 ± 0.58 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 15 EXP-2 ST (High) 0.50 ± 0.58 ab 0.25 ± 0.50 ab 1.50 ± 1.29 a 0.50 ± 0.58 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a P = <.0001 <.0001 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Egg mass counts are reported as number per 25 leaves. Means followed by same letter code are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD, α=.05)

8 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 8 Table 6. Colorado Potato Beetle Small Larvae Counts 13-Jun (wk 7) 22-Jun (wk 8) 28-Jun (wk 9) 10-Jul (wk 11) 16-Jul (wk 12) 25-Jul (wk 13) 03-Aug (wk 14) Trt Product Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD 1 UNTREATED ± b ± c ± de 1.75 ± 2.87 ab 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 2 Belay IF (12 fl oz/a) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 3.25 ± 3.30 ab ± bcde 2.50 ± 1.00.b 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 3 Belay ST (0.5 fl oz/cwt) 0.00 ± 0.00 a ± ab ± cde 1.25 ± 1.26 ab 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 4 Verimark ST (0.7 fl oz/cwt) 0.50 ± 1.00 a ± c ± e 1.50 ± 3.00 ab 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 5 Verimark IF (13 fl oz/a) 0.00 ± 0.00 a ± bc ± de 1.25 ± 1.89 ab 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 6 EXP-1 IF (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.75 ± 0.96 a 8.00 ± abc 0.75 ± 0.50 ab 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 7 EXP-1 IF (Med) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 8 EXP-1 IF (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 9 EXP-1 ST (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 4.75 ± 9.50 ab 7.00 ± 4.83 abcd 2.75 ± 4.27 ab 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 10 EXP-1 ST (Med) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 3.25 ± 5.85 ab 1.75 ± 1.50 ab 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 11 EXP-1 ST (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 ab 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 12 EXP-2 IF (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 13 EXP-2 IF (High) 0.25 ± 0.50 a 2.50 ± 5.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 ab 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.00 ± 2.00 a 14 EXP-2 ST (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 7.75 ± abc 1.00 ± 2.00 ab 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 15 EXP-2 ST (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a P = <.0001 <.0001 < n.s. n.s. n.s. Small larvae counts are reported as number per 10 plants. Means followed by same letter code are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD, α=.05)

9 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 9 Table 7. Colorado Potato Beetle Large Larvae Counts 13-Jun (wk 7) 22-Jun (wk 8) 28-Jun (wk 9) 10-Jul (wk 11) 16-Jul (wk 12) 25-Jul (wk 13) 03-Aug (wk 14) Trt Product Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD 1 UNTREATED 0.00 ± 0.00 a ± c ± d 6.75 ± c 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.75 ± 1.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 2 Belay IF (12 fl oz/a) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 5.75 ± 4.99.bc 3.25 ± 1.50.bc 1.00 ± 1.15 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 3 Belay ST (0.5 fl oz/cwt) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.00 ± 2.00 a ± c 7.00 ± c 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 4 Verimark ST (0.7 fl oz/cwt) 0.00 ± 0.00 a ± b ± d 4.25 ± c 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 5 Verimark IF (13 fl oz/a) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 2.50 ± 3.00 a ± c 6.25 ± c 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 6 EXP-1 IF (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 3.75 ± 4.11 ab 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.50 ± 0.58 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 7 EXP-1 IF (Med) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 8 EXP-1 IF (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 9 EXP-1 ST (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a ± bc 1.75 ± 1.50 abc 0.50 ± 0.58 a 0.50 ± 0.58 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 10 EXP-1 ST (Med) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.50 ± 0.58 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 11 EXP-1 ST (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 12 EXP-2 IF (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 13 EXP-2 IF (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 14 EXP-2 ST (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.75 ± 0.96 abc 0.75 ± 0.96 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 15 EXP-2 ST (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a P = n.s. <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 n.s. n.s. n.s. Large larvae counts are reported as number per 10 plants. Means followed by same letter code are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD, α=.05)

10 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 10 Table 8. Potato Leafhopper Adult Counts 13-Jun (wk 7) 22-Jun (wk 8) 28-Jun (wk 9) 10-Jul (wk 11) 16-Jul (wk 12) 25-Jul (wk 13) 03-Aug (wk 14) Trt Product Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD 1 UNTREATED 0.25 ± 0.50 a 1.75 ± 0.96 ab 3.00 ± 3.16 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 2 Belay IF (12 fl oz/a) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 1.25 ± 1.26 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 3 Belay ST (0.5 fl oz/cwt) 0.25 ± 0.50 a 1.25 ± 1.89 ab 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 4 Verimark ST (0.7 fl oz/cwt) 0.25 ± 0.50 a 3.25 ± 2.06 ab 2.25 ± 1.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 5 Verimark IF (13 fl oz/a) 0.50 ± 0.58 a 7.25 ± 8.50.b 3.75 ± 2.22 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 6 EXP-1 IF (Low) 0.75 ± 1.50 a 2.50 ± 2.89 ab 1.75 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 7 EXP-1 IF (Med) 1.00 ± 0.82 a 1.25 ± 1.89 ab 1.50 ± 1.29 a 0.50 ± 0.58 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 8 EXP-1 IF (High) 0.25 ± 0.50 a 2.25 ± 1.89 ab 2.00 ± 1.83 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 9 EXP-1 ST (Low) 0.25 ± 0.50 a 4.00 ± 2.94 ab 1.50 ± 1.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 10 EXP-1 ST (Med) 0.25 ± 0.50 a 2.75 ± 2.36 ab 2.75 ± 2.22 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 11 EXP-1 ST (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.50 ± 0.58 ab 1.75 ± 0.96 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 12 EXP-2 IF (Low) 0.50 ± 0.58 a 1.50 ± 1.00 ab 2.75 ± 2.36 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 13 EXP-2 IF (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.50 ± 0.58 a 1.75 ± 2.36 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 14 EXP-2 ST (Low) 0.25 ± 0.50 a 1.50 ± 1.00 ab 2.75 ± 2.06 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 15 EXP-2 ST (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 2.00 ± 1.83 ab 2.50 ± 2.65 a 0.75 ± 0.96 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a P = n.s n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Adult counts are reported as number per 15 canopy sweeps. Means followed by same letter code are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD, α=.05)

11 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 11 Table 9. Potato Leafhopper Nymph Counts 13-Jun (wk 7) 22-Jun (wk 8) 28-Jun (wk 9) 10-Jul (wk 11) 16-Jul (wk 12) 25-Jul (wk 13) 03-Aug (wk 14) Trt Product Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD 1 UNTREATED 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.50 ± 1.00 a 2.75 ± 3.59.b 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 2 Belay IF (12 fl oz/a) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 3 Belay ST (0.5 fl oz/cwt) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.75 ± 0.96 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 4 Verimark ST (0.7 fl oz/cwt) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.75 ± 2.36 ab 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 5 Verimark IF (13 fl oz/a) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.75 ± 0.96 ab 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.75 ± 1.50 a 6 EXP-1 IF (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.75 ± 2.06 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.25 ± 2.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 7 EXP-1 IF (Med) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.75 ± 0.96 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 8 EXP-1 IF (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 9 EXP-1 ST (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 ab 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 10 EXP-1 ST (Med) 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.75 ± 1.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 11 EXP-1 ST (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 12 EXP-2 IF (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 13 EXP-2 IF (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.00 ± 1.41 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 14 EXP-2 ST (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.25 ± 1.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 ab 0.50 ± 1.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.75 ± 0.96 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 15 EXP-2 ST (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a P = n.s. n.s n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. a. Nymph counts are reported as number per 25 leaves b. Means followed by same letter code are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD, α=.05)

12 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 12 Table 10. Aphid Counts Trt Product 13-Jun (wk 7) 22-Jun (wk 8) 28-Jun (wk 9) 10-Jul (wk 11) 16-Jul (wk 12) 25-Jul (wk 13) 03-Aug (wk 14) Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD 1 UNTREATED 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.75 ± 1.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.75 ± 1.50 a 3.25 ± 5.85 a ± a 2 Belay IF (12 fl oz/a) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.50 ± 1.29 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a ± a ± a 3 Belay ST (0.5 fl oz/cwt) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.50 ± 0.58 a 4 Verimark ST (0.7 fl oz/cwt) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 2.00 ± 2.45 a 5.50 ± 3.42 a 5 Verimark IF (13 fl oz/a) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 3.50 ± 6.35 a 6.00 ± 5.72 a 6 EXP-1 IF (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.00 ± 2.00 a 3.50 ± 2.52 a 7 EXP-1 IF (Med) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.50 ± 2.38 a 4.75 ± 8.85 a 8 EXP-1 IF (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.00 ± 2.00 a 3.25 ± 2.63 a 9 EXP-1 ST (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.75 ± 0.50 a 1.50 ± 1.91 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.50 ± 1.91 a 5.33 ± 2.08 a 10 EXP-1 ST (Med) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 1.00 ± 1.15 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 2.25 ± 2.63 a 5.00 ± 3.74 a 11 EXP-1 ST (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 1.00 ± 1.41 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.50 ± 1.29 a 3.25 ± 3.20 a 12 EXP-2 IF (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 1.25 ± 1.89 a 13 EXP-2 IF (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.50 ± 1.00 a 3.25 ± 2.99 a 14 EXP-2 ST (Low) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 3.25 ± 4.27 a 5.75 ± 6.18 a 15 EXP-2 ST (High) 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.50 ± 1.00 a 1.75 ± 2.87 a P = n.s. n.s. n.s n.s. n.s. n.s. a. Aphid counts are reported as number per 25 leaves b. Means followed by same letter code are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD, α=.05)

13 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 13 Table 11a-b. Mean cumulative insect counts Trt Product CPB Adults CPB Egg Masses CPB Small Larvae CPB Large Larvae Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD 1 UNTREATED ± d ± 6.06 abcdef ± f ± e 2 Belay IF (12 fl oz/a) ± cd ± 5.56.bcdef ± bcde ± cd 3 Belay ST (0.5 fl oz/cwt) ± bcd ± def ± cdef ± d 4 Verimark ST (0.7 fl oz/cwt) ± cd ± f ± ef ± e 5 Verimark IF (13 fl oz/a) ± abc ± ef ± def ± d 6 EXP-1 IF (Low) ± abc ± cdef ± abc 4.50 ± 3.70.bc 7 EXP-1 IF (Med) ± abc 7.00 ± 3.74 abcdef 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 8 EXP-1 IF (High) ± a 3.50 ± 1.73 abcd 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 9 EXP-1 ST (Low) ± abcd 7.00 ± 3.56 abcdef ± bcd ± cd 10 EXP-1 ST (Med) ± abcd 9.25 ± 3.95.bcdef 5.25 ± 6.08 ab 0.50 ± 0.58 ab 11 EXP-1 ST (High) ± abc 2.25 ± 0.96 ab 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a 12 EXP-2 IF (Low) ± abc 9.50 ± 7.68 abcdef 0.25 ± 0.50 a 0.00 ± 0.00 a 13 EXP-2 IF (High) ± abc 2.50 ± 3.00 a 4.00 ± 4.55 ab 0.00 ± 0.00 a 14 EXP-2 ST (Low) ± abcd 5.00 ± 3.65 abcde 9.25 ± ab 1.75 ± 1.26 ab 15 EXP-2 ST (High) ± ab 2.75 ± 1.26 abc 0.00 ± 0.00 a 0.25 ± 0.50 a P = <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 Trt Product PLH Adults PLH Nymphs Aphids Final Defoliation Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD 1 UNTREATED 5.75 ± 3.86 abc 3.25 ± 3.40 a ± a 66% ± 7%.b 2 Belay IF (12 fl oz/a) 2.00 ± 1.83 a 0.75 ± 0.96 a ± a 11% ± 16% a 3 Belay ST (0.5 fl oz/cwt) 2.00 ± 2.16 a 0.75 ± 0.96 a 1.00 ± 0.00 a 5% ± 2% a 4 Verimark ST (0.7 fl oz/cwt) 5.75 ± 2.50 abc 2.50 ± 1.73 a 8.00 ± 4.69 a 19% ± 21% a 5 Verimark IF (13 fl oz/a) ± c 2.25 ± 0.50 a 9.50 ± a 3% ± 1% a 6 EXP-1 IF (Low) 5.25 ± 4.65 abc 3.00 ± 3.83 a 4.75 ± 2.63 a 3% ± 1% a 7 EXP-1 IF (Med) 4.50 ± 0.58 abc 0.75 ± 0.96 a 6.75 ± 9.43 a 2% ± 1% a 8 EXP-1 IF (High) 4.75 ± 3.50 abc 0.00 ± 0.00 a 4.50 ± 5.07 a 3% ± 2% a 9 EXP-1 ST (Low) 6.25 ± 3.30 abc 0.50 ± 0.58 a 7.75 ± 2.99 a 26% ± 46% a 10 EXP-1 ST (Med) 6.75 ± 3.86.bc 1.00 ± 1.41 a 8.50 ± 6.45 a 6% ± 6% a 11 EXP-1 ST (High) 3.50 ± 1.73 ab 0.25 ± 0.50 a 6.25 ± 5.38 a 2% ± 1% a 12 EXP-2 IF (Low) 4.75 ± 2.75 abc 0.00 ± 0.00 a 1.75 ± 2.22 a 18% ± 31% a 13 EXP-2 IF (High) 2.25 ± 2.22 ab 1.00 ± 1.41 a 4.00 ± 2.45 a 2% ± 1% a 14 EXP-2 ST (Low) 4.75 ± 2.50 abc 2.75 ± 2.22 a 9.75 ± a 3% ± 2% a 15 EXP-2 ST (High) 5.25 ± 2.87 abc 0.25 ± 0.50 a 2.50 ± 2.38 a 2% ± 1% a P = < n.s. <.0001 Season-long plot totals were averaged to produce these summaries. Means followed by same letter codes are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD, α=0.05)

14 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg Figure 2. Cumulative CPB Adults CPB adults / 10 plants UTC Belay IF Belay ST Verimark ST Verimark IF EXP-1 IF (Low) EXP-1 IF (Med) EXP-1 IF (High) EXP-1 ST (Low) EXP-1 ST (Med) EXP-1 ST (High) EXP-2 IF (Low) EXP-2 IF (High) EXP-2 ST (Low) EXP-2 ST (High) Figure 3. Cumulative CPB Egg Masses CPB egg masses / 10 plants UTC Belay IF Belay ST Verimark ST Verimark IF EXP-1 IF (Low) EXP-1 IF (Med) EXP-1 IF (High) EXP-1 ST (Low) EXP-1 ST (Med) EXP-1 ST (High) EXP-2 IF (Low) EXP-2 IF (High) EXP-2 ST (Low) EXP-2 ST (High)

15 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg Figure 4. Cumulative CPB Small Larvae UTC Belay IF Belay ST Verimark ST Verimark IF EXP-1 IF (Low) EXP-1 IF (Med) EXP-1 IF (High) EXP-1 ST (Low) EXP-1 ST (Med) EXP-1 ST (High) EXP-2 IF (Low) EXP-2 IF (High) EXP-2 ST (Low) EXP-2 ST (High) CPB small larvae / 10 plants (log scale) Figure 5. Cumulative CPB Large Larvae 1024 CPB large larvae / 10 plants (log scale) UTC Belay IF Belay ST Verimark ST Verimark IF EXP-1 IF (Low) EXP-1 IF (Med) EXP-1 IF (High) EXP-1 ST (Low) EXP-1 ST (Med) EXP-1 ST (High) EXP-2 IF (Low) EXP-2 IF (High) EXP-2 ST (Low) EXP-2 ST (High)

16 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg Figure 6. Cumulative PLH Adult Counts 16 PLH adults / 15 sweeps UTC Belay IF Belay ST Verimark ST Verimark IF EXP-1 IF (Low) EXP-1 IF (Med) EXP-1 IF (High) EXP-1 ST (Low) EXP-1 ST (Med) EXP-1 ST (High) EXP-2 IF (Low) EXP-2 IF (High) EXP-2 ST (Low) EXP-2 ST (High) Figure 7. Cumulative PLH Nymph Counts 8 7 PLH nymphs / 25 leaves UTC Belay IF Belay ST Verimark ST Verimark IF EXP-1 IF (Low) EXP-1 IF (Med) EXP-1 IF (High) EXP-1 ST (Low) EXP-1 ST (Med) EXP-1 ST (High) EXP-2 IF (Low) EXP-2 IF (High) EXP-2 ST (Low) EXP-2 ST (High)

17 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg Figure 8. Cumulative Aphid Counts Aphids / 25 leaves (log scale) UTC Belay IF Belay ST Verimark ST Verimark IF EXP-1 IF (Low) EXP-1 IF (Med) EXP-1 IF (High) EXP-1 ST (Low) EXP-1 ST (Med) EXP-1 ST (High) EXP-2 IF (Low) EXP-2 IF (High) EXP-2 ST (Low) EXP-2 ST (High)

18 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 18 Table 12. Defoliation Ratings Trt Trt Name 13-Jun (wk 7) 15-Jun (wk 6) 22-Jun (wk 8) 28-Jun (wk 9) 10-Jul (wk 11) 16-Jul (wk 12) 25-Jul (wk 13) 03-Aug (wk 14) Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD 1 UNTREATED 2% ± 1% a 2% ± 2% a 13% ± 9%.b 40% ± 28%..c 46% ± 23%.b 43% ± 17%.b 57% ± 13%.b 66% ± 7%.b 2 Belay IF (12 fl oz/a) 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 2% ± 1% a 2% ± 2% a 4% ± 4% a 12% ± 19% a 11% ± 16% a 3 Belay ST (0.5 fl oz/cwt) 1% ± 1% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 2% ± 1% ab 3% ± 2% a 3% ± 2% a 6% ± 7% a 5% ± 2% a 4 Verimark ST (0.7 fl oz/cwt) 1% ± 0% a 2% ± 1% a 4% ± 3% a 21% ± 26%.bc 6% ± 2% a 6% ± 2% a 21% ± 22% ab 19% ± 21% a 5 Verimark IF (13 fl oz/a) 1% ± 1% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 3% ± 2% ab 3% ± 1% a 2% ± 1% a 2% ± 1% a 3% ± 1% a 6 EXP-1 IF (Low) 1% ± 0% a 2% ± 1% a 1% ± 1% a 2% ± 1% a 1% ± 1% a 1% ± 1% a 5% ± 7% a 3% ± 1% a 7 EXP-1 IF (Med) 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 1% a 1% ± 1% a 2% ± 1% a 8 EXP-1 IF (High) 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 1% a 2% ± 1% a 3% ± 2% a 9 EXP-1 ST (Low) 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 1% a 2% ± 1% a 2% ± 1% a 5% ± 7% a 22% ± 39% ab 26% ± 46% a 10 EXP-1 ST (Med) 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 1% a 2% ± 1% a 4% ± 4% a 6% ± 6% a 11 EXP-1 ST (High) 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 1% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 1% a 2% ± 1% a 12 EXP-2 IF (Low) 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 1% a 1% ± 0% a 5% ± 7% a 20% ± 37% a 18% ± 31% a 13 EXP-2 IF (High) 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 1% a 2% ± 1% a 14 EXP-2 ST (Low) 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 1% a 2% ± 1% a 2% ± 2% a 3% ± 2% a 15 EXP-2 ST (High) 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 1% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 0% a 1% ± 1% a 1% ± 0% a 2% ± 1% a P = n.s. n.s. <.0001 <.0001 <.0001 < <.0001 a. Defoliation ratings were determined by visual inspection of the entire plot b. Means followed by same letter code are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD, α=.05) Figure 9. Defoliation Ratings 13-Jun (wk 6) 15-Jun (wk 6) 22-Jun (wk 7) 22-Jun (wk 7) 28-Jun (wk 8) 10-Jul (wk 10) 16-Jul (wk 11) 25-Jul (wk 12) 03-Aug (wk 13) Defoliation 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% UTC Belay IF Belay ST Verimark ST Verimark IF EXP-1 IF (Low) EXP-1 IF (Med) EXP-1 IF (High) EXP-1 ST (Low) EXP-1 ST (Med) EXP-1 ST (High) EXP-2 IF (Low) EXP-2 IF (High) EXP-2 ST (Low) EXP-2 ST (High)

19 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 19 Table 13. Yield and Tuber Quality Trt Product Marketable Yield US No. 1 US No. 2 Undersize Prp Hollow Prp Double Prp Knob Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD 1 UNTREATED ± c ± c 9.11 ± 1.74 a 1.63 ± 0.75 a 2.7% ± 0.9% a 1.4% ± 0.7% a 37.8% ± 1.8% a 2 Belay IF (12 fl oz/a) ± abc ± abc 9.29 ± 5.35 a 1.48 ± 0.81 a 4.1% ± 1.1% a 1.4% ± 0.6% a 37.6% ± 3.2% a 3 Belay ST (0.5 fl oz/cwt) ± abc ± abc 7.00 ± 1.86 a 1.20 ± 0.69 a 4.2% ± 1.9% a 2.5% ± 1.6% a 32.4% ± 4.4% a 4 Verimark ST (0.7 fl oz/cwt) ± abc ± abc 7.47 ± 2.62 a 1.01 ± 0.15 a 4.3% ± 1.3% a 2.1% ± 0.6% a 36.0% ± 5.7% a 5 Verimark IF (13 fl oz/a) ± ab ± ab 7.43 ± 1.31 a 1.21 ± 0.27 a 4.4% ± 1.4% a 2.5% ± 1.0% a 34.0% ± 5.0% a 6 EXP-1 IF (Low) ± abc ± ab 6.13 ± 1.59 a 1.15 ± 0.79 a 3.2% ± 1.9% a 1.8% ± 1.1% a 35.6% ± 2.0% a 7 EXP-1 IF (Med) ± ab ± ab 6.02 ± 1.66 a 1.08 ± 0.26 a 3.9% ± 2.0% a 1.9% ± 1.0% a 34.4% ± 3.4% a 8 EXP-1 IF (High) ± a ± a 7.34 ± 2.71 a 1.56 ± 0.78 a 4.4% ± 1.2% a 2.2% ± 0.4% a 37.4% ± 2.1% a 9 EXP-1 ST (Low) ± bc ± bc 9.80 ± 1.92 a 1.65 ± 0.82 a 4.2% ± 0.4% a 2.2% ± 1.0% a 33.9% ± 4.8% a 10 EXP-1 ST (Med) ± abc ± ab 6.45 ± 3.14 a 1.33 ± 0.64 a 4.6% ± 0.7% a 2.4% ± 0.5% a 35.1% ± 3.5% a 11 EXP-1 ST (High) ± ab ± ab 8.18 ± 1.02 a 0.57 ± 0.46 a 3.5% ± 1.1% a 1.4% ± 0.2% a 35.3% ± 2.6% a 12 EXP-2 IF (Low) ± abc ± abc 7.46 ± 0.88 a 1.12 ± 0.78 a 4.0% ± 0.7% a 2.6% ± 1.0% a 39.1% ± 6.8% a 13 EXP-2 IF (High) ± ab ± ab 6.93 ± 2.34 a 1.62 ± 0.80 a 5.0% ± 1.5% a 2.4% ± 0.4% a 33.4% ± 4.8% a 14 EXP-2 ST (Low) ± ab ± ab 6.83 ± 1.34 a 0.93 ± 0.84 a 5.3% ± 1.8% a 3.4% ± 1.6% a 35.0% ± 4.4% a 15 EXP-2 ST (High) ± ab ± ab 6.29 ± 3.93 a 1.08 ± 0.52 a 4.7% ± 0.5% a 2.0% ± 1.1% a 31.9% ± 4.2% a P = <.0001 n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Yield estimates are reported in units of cwt/ac, calculated from a harvested area of one 40 ft.-long row. Tuber size and quality was determined with an AgRay Vision X-ray electronic grading line. US No. 1 (diam. >= in.) and No. 2 (diam. >= 1.5 in.) tuber grades were assigned based on USDA standards. Means followed by same letter code are not significantly different (Tukey s HSD, α=.05)

20 2018 // Potato // HARS // CPB Systemic Trial Pg. 20 Figure 10. Yield US No. 1 US No Yield estimate (cwt/ac) UTC Belay IF Belay ST Verimark ST Verimark IF EXP-1 IF (Low) EXP-1 IF (Med) EXP-1 IF (High) EXP-1 ST (Low) EXP-1 ST (Med) EXP-1 ST (High) EXP-2 IF (Low) EXP-2 IF (High) EXP-2 ST (Low) EXP-2 ST (High) Yield estimates are calculated from a harvested area of one 40 ft.-long row. Tuber size and quality was determined with an AgRay Vision X-ray electronic grading line. US No. 1 (diam. >= in.) and No. 2 (diam. >= 1.5 in.) tuber grades were assigned based on USDA standards.