Imperial County Agricultural Briefs

Transcription

1 Imperial County Agricultural Briefs Features From your Farm Advisors October, 2010 Page INSECTICIDE EFFICACY IN ICEBERG LETTUCE, Eric T. Natwick EFFECTS OF FUMIGATION ON MELON VINE DECLINE.. Donna R. Henderson IRRIGATE JUDICIOUSLY TO PRESERVE HEALTHY SOIL PROPERTIES.. Khaled M. Bali and Keith S. Mayberry* INSECTICIDE EFFICACY FOR WHITEFLY IN CABBAGE, Eric T. Natwick 21 ST ANNUAL FALL DESERT CROPS WORKSHOP NOV. 23, CIMIS REPORT AND UC DROUGHT MANAGEMENT PUBLICATIONS... Khaled M. Bali and Steve Burch *Keith S. Mayberry, Emeritus Vegetable Crops Advisor Ag Briefs October,

2 INSECTICIDE EFFICACY IN ICEBERG LETTUCE, 2009 Eric T. Natwick The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of various insecticides for control of Sweetpotato whitefly (SWF), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B, Beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), and Cabbage looper (CL), Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) on iceberg head lettuce under desert growing conditions. Head lettuce (MOHAWK M.I.) was direct seeded on 10 Sep 2009 at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center, El Centro, CA into double row beds on 40 inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were four beds 13.3 ft wide by 50 ft long and bordered by one untreated bed. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Insecticidal compounds, formulations and application rates along with treatment dates are provided in Table 1. The in-furrow, at-planting applications of and of Durivo were shank injected 2 inches below the seed on 9 Sep 2009 and 10 Sep 2009, respectively. All other insecticide treatments were foliar sprays applied with a Lee Spider Spray TracTractor 4-row sprayer with three TJ VS nozzles per row that delivered a broadcast application at 35 psi and 72 gpa on the dates indicated in Table 1. An adjuvant, Dyne-Amic (Helena Chemical Co.) was added to each foliar spray mixture at 0.25% vol/vol. Numbers of SWF adults from a single basal leaf of 10 random plants per plot in each replicate were recorded on 25 Sep, 5 Oct and 16 Oct (Table 2). Numbers of SWF eggs and nymphs per 1.65 cm 2 leaf disk from 10 basal leaves of 10 random plants per plot in each replicate were recorded on 28 Sep, 5 Oct and 16 Oct (Tables 3 and 4). Numbers of BAW larvae and CL larvae per plant from 10 random plants per plot in each replicate were recorded on 25 Sep, 5 Oct, 14 Oct, 21 Oct, 27 Oct, 3 Nov, 13 Nov, 19 Nov, and 24 Nov (Tables 5 and 6). Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Differences among means on each sampling date and in each experiment were determined using Least Significant Difference Test (P=0.05). Log 10 (X+1) transformations were used, as needed, with back-transformed means presented in tables. SWF population levels were moderate during this trial. There were no differences among the treatments fo numbers of SWF adults on 25 Sep and 16 Oct, but all of the insecticide treatments significantly (P=0.05) reduced numbers of SWF adults compared to the untreated control on the 5 Oct except followed by Coragen at oz per acre and 4.25 oz per acre, respectively (Table 2). None of the insecticide treatments had fewer SWF eggs or nymphs compared to the check on 28 Sep and 16 Oct, but all insecticide treatments had fewer SWF eggs and nymphs than the check on 5 Oct (Tables 3 and 4). The population levels of BAW and CL were low during this trial. None of the insecticide treatments had fewer BAW larvae compared to the check on 25 Sep, 13 Nov, 19 Nov and 24 Nov. All insecticide treatments, except followed by Coragen, had significantly fewer (P=0.05) BAW larvae than the check on 5 Oct (Tables 5). On 14 Oct, all insecticide 2

3 treatments except the treatments with Orthene 97 and intrepid had fewer BAW larvae than the check. On 21 October, only Radiant and Durivo at 13 oz/acre did not have fewer BAW larvae than the check. All insecticide treatment except Radiant, Durivo at 13 oz per acre, and Voliam Xpress had fewer BAW larvae than the check. On 27 October, only Radiant, followed by Orthene 97, Voliam Xpress and Durivo at 13 oz/acre did not have fewer BAW larvae than the check. All insecticide treatments except followed by Orthene 97 had fewer BAW larvae than the check on 3 Nov. None of the insecticide treatments had fewer CL larvae compared to the check on 25 Sep, 5 Oct, 14 Oct, and 24 Nov. All insecticide treatments had significantly fewer (P=0.05) CL larvae than the check on 21 Oct, 27 Oct, 3 Nov and 19 Nov and all insecticide treatments except Coragen had fewer CL larvae than the check on 13 Nov (Tables 6). No phytotoxicity symptoms were observed following any of the insecticide treatments. Table 1. Insecticide treatment list Treatment Oz/acre Application method Treatment date Coragen f/b 4.25 In-furrow Foliar spray Durivo 2.5 SC 10.3 In-furrow 10 Sep Durivo 2.5 SC 13.0 In-furrow 10 Sep f/b In-furrow 9 Sep Voliam Xpress 9.0 alt/w Foliar spray 29 Sep alt/w Orthene Foliar spray 30 Oct Orthene 97 + EcozinPlus 1.2 LE Orthene 97 Radiant Synapse WG Intrepid f/b f/b f/b 5.0 f/b 3.0 f/b 10.0 In-furrow Foliar spray In-furrow Foliar spray In-furrow Foliar spray In-furrow Foliar spray In-furrow Foliar spray 9 Sep 29 Sep, 15 Oct, 16 Nov 9 Sep 29 Sep, 15 Oct, 4 Nov 9 Sep 29 Sep, 15, 30 Oct, 4 Nov 9 Sep 29 Sep, 30 Oct, 4 Nov 9 Sep 29 Sep, 15 Oct, 16 Nov 9 Sep 29 Sep, 15 Oct Untreated Check No application

4 Table 2. SWF Adults per Leaf Treatment oz/acre Application Method 28 Sep 5 Oct 16 Oct Coragen 4.25 Foliar 29 Sep, 15 Oct and 16 Nov ab 1.05 Durivo 2.5 SC abc 1.65 Durivo 2.5 SC bcd 1.80 Voliam Xpress alt/w Orthene 97 Orthene 97 + EcozinPlus 1.2 LE Orthene 97 Radiant Synapse WG Intrepid Foliar 29 Sep 30 Oct Foliar 29 Sep, 15 Oct, 4 Nov Shank injection 9 Foliar 29 Sep, 15, 30 Oct, 4 Nov Foliar 29 Sep, 15 Oct, 4 Nov Foliar 29 Sep, 15 Oct, 16 Nov Foliar 29 Sep and 15 Oct bcd bcd d d bcd cd 1.20 Untreated Check No insecticide applications a 7.20 Means within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different, ANOVA; LSD (P<0.05). 4

5 Table 3. SWF Eggs per cm 2 Leaf Disk Treatment oz/acre Application Method 28 Sep 5 Oct z 16 Oct z Coragen 4.25 Foliar 29 Sep, 15 Oct and 16 Nov d 0.76 abc Durivo 2.5 SC cd 1.00 ab Durivo 2.5 SC b 1.61 a Voliam Xpress alt/w Orthene 97 Orthene 97 + EcozinPlus 1.2 LE Orthene 97 Radiant Synapse WG Intrepid Foliar 29 Sep 30 Oct Foliar 29 Sep, 15 Oct, 4 Nov Shank injection 9 Foliar 29 Sep, 15, 30 Oct, 4 Nov Foliar 29 Sep, 15 Oct, 4 Nov Foliar 29 Sep, 15 Oct, 16 Nov Foliar 29 Sep and 15 Oct bcd 0.21 bc cd 0.24 bc d 0.94 ab bc 0.30 bc cd 0.12 c cd 0.27 bc Untreated Check No insecticide applications a 0.52 bc Means within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different, ANOVA; LSD (P<0.05). z Log transformed data used for analysis, but actual means shown. 5

6 Table 4. SWF Nymphs per cm 2 Leaf Disk Treatment oz/acre Application Method 28 Sep 5 Oct 16 Oct Coragen 4.25 Foliar 29 Sep, 15 Oct and 16 Nov b 0.15 Durivo 2.5 SC b 0.64 Durivo 2.5 SC b 0.15 Voliam Xpress alt/w Orthene 97 Orthene 97 + EcozinPlus 1.2 LE Orthene 97 Radiant Synapse WG Intrepid Foliar 29 Sep 30 Oct Foliar 29 Sep, 15 Oct, 4 Nov Shank injection 9 Foliar 29 Sep, 15, 30 Oct, 4 Nov Foliar 29 Sep, 15 Oct, 4 Nov Foliar 29 Sep, 15 Oct, 16 Nov Foliar 29 Sep and 15 Oct b b b b b b 0.21 Untreated Check No insecticide applications a 0.15 Means within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different, ANOVA; LSD (P<0.05). 6

7 Table 5. Treatment oz/acre Beet armyworm Larvae per Ten Lettuce Plants 25 Sep 5 Oct 14 Oct 21 Oct 27 Oct 3 Nov z 13 Nov 19 Nov 24 Nov Coragen a 0.75 bc 0.00 b 0.00 c 0.00 c Durivo 2.5 SC b 0.25 bc 0.00 b 0.00 c 0.00 c Durivo 2.5 SC b 0.25 bc 0.75 ab 0.50 abc 0.00 c Voliam Xpress Orthene 97 Orthene 97 + EcozinPlus Orthene 97 Radiant Synapse WG Intrepid Untreated Check b 0.00 c 1.50 a 0.25 bc 0.19 bc b 2.00 a 0.25 b 0.00 c 0.86 bc b 1.25 ab 0.25 b 1.25 a 1.21 ab b 0.25 bc 0.75 ab 0.50 abc 0.00 c b 0.75 bc 0.00 b 0.00 c 0.00 c b 1.00 abc 0.00 b 0.00 c 0.00 c a 2.00 a 1.25 a 1.00 ab 2.94 a Means within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different, ANOVA; LSD (P<0.05). z Log transformed data used for analysis, but actual means shown. 7

8 Table 6. Treatment oz/acre Cabbage Looper Larvae per Ten Lettuce Plants 25 Sep 5 Oct 14 Oct 21 Oct 27 Oct 3 Nov 13 Nov 19 Nov 24 Nov Coragen c 0.00 c 0.00 c 1.25 a 0.25 b 0.00 Durivo 2.5 SC c 0.00 c 0.00 c 0.50 b 0.50 b 0.00 Durivo 2.5 SC c 0.00 c 0.00 c 0.25 b 0.25 b 0.00 Voliam Xpress Orthene 97 Orthene 97 + EcozinPlus Orthene 97 Radiant Synapse WG Intrepid Untreated Check c 0.25 bc 0.00 c 0.00 b 0.00 b c 0.00 c 0.00 c 0.25 b 0.25 b c 0.00 c 0.00 c 0.00 b 0.00 b b 0.50 b 0.75 b 0.00 b 0.00 b c 0.00 c 0.00 c 0.50 b 0.50 b c 0.00 c 0.00 c 0.00 b 0.00 b a 1.25 a 1.50 a 1.50 a 1.75 a 0.50 Means within columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different, ANOVA; LSD (P<0.05). 8

9 Effects of Fumigation on Melon Vine Decline Donna Henderson Melon Vine Decline, caused by Monosporascus cannonballus is a root disease of melon. M. cannonballus is indigenous in the Imperial Valley, and also found in Arizona, Texas, and throughout the world. M. cannonballus has a small host range, able to infect cantaloupe, watermelon, and mixed melons. Symptoms above ground include foliar chlorosis of crown leaves, belowground roots appear relatively healthy, with little or no significant root rot. However, 1-2 weeks prior to harvest, there is a field-wide collapse of vines with subsequent production of the perithecia and ascospores on dying roots. In field and greenhouse studies, it has been observed that this fungus infects the roots of plants within the first three weeks after seed germination. The fungus maintains a low profile during the growing season, until certain environmental and host conditions change approximately days after planting (1-2 weeks before harvest) and lesions on the roots begin to appear with subsequent field collapse. Canopy collapse is enhanced by: water stress, heavy fruit load, insect infestations, high ambient temperatures, and number of roots with lesions. Canopy collapse occurs when the plant finally reacts to the fungal infection. The plant reacts by forming balloons, or tyloses, inside the xylem tissue of the roots that are meant to limit the spread of the fungal pathogen. However, these tyloses obstruct water uptake, resulting in the observed canopy wilting and collapse. Essentially, the plant immune defense results in causing a susceptible reation instead of a usual resistance reaction. Management includes a pre-plant fumigation, and post-harvest root cultivation to air-dry roots or metam sodium application. Avoid glyphosate plant destruction, this actually causes more spores to be produced resulting in more fungi for next year. Preplant fumigation with Chloropicrin applied in water at lb/acre through buried drip irrigation tape to either tarped or nontarped beds was found to significantly reduce the percentages of both infected roots and perithecia formation on roots compared with nonfumigated controls (Stanghellini et al., 2003). In summary, reduce melon vine decline infection by applying a pre-plant fumigation with chloropicrin, and manage infected fields by cultivating and air-drying the roots or applying metam sodium in order to prevent the fungus from producing more spores in your field. 9

10 Irrigate Judiciously to Preserve Healthy Soil Properties Khaled M. Bali and Keith S. Mayberry* When it is hot there is a tendency to irrigate more frequently and apply copious quantities of water to emerging crops. However, too much water can cause as much harm as too little water to the soil and the crop. Consider the following points: Air/Water Spaces: Between soil particles are void spaces called pores that are occupied by air and water. These pores occupy about 50% of the soil s volume. If water is filling up the pores, then most of the air is displaced. As the water is used by plants, evaporates, or it drains away, the air returns. If too much water is applied then the pore spaces remain filled with water. This creates an unfavorable condition for plant roots that need soil oxygen to survive. Root hairs start to die and become nonfunctional restricting the uptake of water and nutrients to the foliage. Leaching of Nitrogen Fertilizer: Water is needed to satisfy the photosynthesis needs of plants and to drain salts from the plant root zone. Excessive amounts of water applied increase drainage volume and thus increase the loss of water-soluble nitrate-nitrogen. With fertilizer prices being high, conservation of nitrogen for plant use should be practiced. You only need to apply enough water to meet crop water requirements (Evapotranspiration) during the early stages of crop growth. Additional water for leaching should be applied at or toward the end of vegetable crop season. Additional water for leaching is not needed during the growing season (vegetable crops only). For field crops, particularly alfalfa, additional water for leaching may be needed during the year. Leaching is most effective at the end of the growing season after the removal of the crop, working the soil out and applying a leaching irrigation. Destruction of Soil Structure: If free water starts on soils, the soil structure starts to disintegrate. Soil aggregates melt into a puddle like condition and pore space disappears. It becomes difficult to move water and air through a puddle soil. In addition crusting of the soil surface occurs restricting the emergence of crop seedlings. To prevent this condition sprinkler water must be applied at a rate lower than the water penetration rate of the soil. Droplet size also affects the formation of seals on bare soil surface and restricts the water movement into the soil. Small droplets cause less pressure on the soil surface than larger droplets. Therefore, small droplets have less impact on reducing water penetration rate than larger droplets. Nozzle opening size and operating pressure have great impact on the droplet size. Make sure you run your sprinkler system at a pressure consistent with the recommendation of the manufacturer of the sprinklers. If water starts to stand on newly planted vegetable beds, turn off the sprinklers! A good irrigator can sequence sprinkler sets across the 10

11 field to keep the water moving from set to set to prevent puddling. Use same size sprinkler heads on all sprinklers. If you use different heads on the same set, then you will have poor uniformity (too much water in certain areas and not enough water in other areas). Soil Toxins: Organic matter within the soil is broken down naturally by soil microbes. This is a beneficial process that recycles nutrients, improves soil porosity, and supports microbial life. In saturated soils the lack of soil oxygen kills off the aerobic organisms (the ones that use oxygen) and in their place populations of anaerobic organisms develop. The anaerobes do not need as much oxygen to survive and generally fulfill their needs by extracting chemical oxygen from products such as organic matter and fertilizers. However the anaerobes produce poisonous by-products that injure plant roots. Some of the by-products mimic herbicides in their effect. Algae: The presence of algae on the soil surface is a clear sign that the soil surface has been wet for an extended period of time. Most plants do not grow well when this condition exists. The presence of algae is usually associated with anaerobic conditions. Plants suffer due to the lack of oxygen. Soil Compaction: Plant roots need oxygen and must respire constantly for optimum growth and production. Poor aeration, due to soil compaction and ponded water, can induce early wilting and produce numerous chemical products related to anaerobic conditions that are toxic to plants. Soil compaction occurs when soil is subjected to pressure. The application of pressure to any soil at any soil moisture level results in expulsion of air from the soil and gradual increase in density and water content. Dry soils usually resist compaction because of their stiff structure. However, in wet soils, the resistance to deformation is reduced and the soil becomes more susceptible to deformation and compaction. Avoiding cultural practices when the soil is wet can eliminate severe cases of soil compaction. * Keith S. Mayberry, Emeritus Vegetable Crops Advisor 11

12 INSECTICIDE EFFICACY FOR WHITEFLY IN CABBAGE, 2009 Eric T. Natwick The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides for control of Sweetpotato whitefly (SWF), Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B on cabbage under desert growing conditions. Cabbage (Head Start) was direct seeded on 11 Sep 2009 at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center, El Centro, CA into double row beds on 40 inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated with furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were four beds 13.3 ft wide by 40 ft long and bordered by one untreated bed. Five replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Insecticidal compounds, formulations, application rates, application methods and treatment dates are provided in Table 1. The in-furrow at-planting applications of Venom Insecticide and Clutch 2.13 SC were injected in 15 gpa insecticide and H 2 O mixtures 2 inches below the seed on 10 Sep All other insecticide treatments were foliar sprays applied with a Lee Spider Spray TracTractor 4-row sprayer with three TJ VS nozzles per row that delivered a broadcast application at 35 psi and 72 gpa on the dates indicated in Table 1. An adjuvant, DyneAmic (Helena Chemical Co.), was applied at 0.25% vol/vol to each foliar spray mixture. Numbers of SWF Adult per 10 basal leaves were recorded on 28 Sep, 5 Oct and 16 Oct and numbers of SWF eggs and nymphs per 1.65 cm 2 leaf disk from 10 basal leaves were recorded on 28 Sep, 5 Oct and 16 Oct. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Differences among means on each sampling date and in each experiment were determined using Least Significant Difference Test (P=0.05). SWF population levels were moderate during this trial. None of the insecticide treatments reduced SWF adult levels lower than the check on 28 Sep and 5.0 oz and 12.0 oz had significantly (P=0.05) more adults compared to the check (Table 2). All but 12.0 oz per acre had significantly fewer adults compared to the check on 5 Oct and all insecticide treatments significantly reduced numbers of SWF adults compared to the untreated check on 16 Oct. The check had significantly more SWF eggs than all insecticide treatment except 10 and 12 oz per acre on 28 Sep (Table 3) and all insecticide treatments had significantly fewer eggs than the check on 5 Oct and 16 Oct. There were no differences among the treatments for SWF nymphs on 28 Sep and 5 Oct; however, all insecticide treatments except 12 oz per acre had significantly fewer SWF nymphs than the check on 16 Oct (Table 4). No phytotoxicity symptoms were observed following any of the insecticide treatments. 12

13 Table 1. Insecticide treatment list Treatment oz/acre Application method Application date Untreated Check Vemon* 5.0 Shank injection 10 Sep Movento 4.0 Foliar 29 Sep and 15 Oct Movento 5.0 Foliar 29 Sep and 15 Oct Clutch 2.13 SC* 10.0 Shank injection 10 Sep Clutch 2.13 SC* 12.0 Shank injection 10 Sep *Preplant injected 2 below seed. Table 2. SWF Adults per Leaf Treatment oz/acre Application Method 28 Sep 5 Oct 16 Oct Untreated Check b a a Vemon 5.0 Shank injection 10 Sep a 4.46 b c Movento 4.0 Foliar 29 Sep and 15 Oct 9.84 b 5.06 b ab Movento 5.0 Foliar 29 Sep and 15 Oct 8.56 b 5.02 b bc Clutch 2.13 SC 10.0 Shank injection 10 Sep b 5.60 b bc Clutch 2.13 SC 12.0 Shank injection 10 Sep a a bc 13

14 Table 3. SWF Eggs per cm 2 Leaf Disk Treatment oz/acre Application Method 28 Sep 5 Oct 16 Oct Untreated Check abc a a Vemon 5.0 Shank injection 10 Sep bc 4.63 d 1.79 c Movento 4.0 Foliar 29 Sep and 15 Oct c c b Movento 5.0 Foliar 29 Sep and 15 Oct bc bc bc Clutch 2.13 SC 10.0 Shank injection 10 Sep a bc bc Clutch 2.13 SC 12.0 Shank injection 10 Sep ab b bc Table 4. SWF Nymphs per cm 2 Leaf Disk Treatment oz/acre Application Method 28 Sep 5 Oct 16 Oct Untreated Check a Vemon 5.0 Shank injection 10 Sep c Movento 4.0 Foliar 29 Sep and 15 Oct c Movento 5.0 Foliar 29 Sep and 15 Oct c Clutch 2.13 SC 10.0 Shank injection 10 Sep bc Clutch 2.13 SC 12.0 Shank injection 10 Sep ab 14

15 21 st Annual Fall Desert Crops Workshop Nov. 23 in Imperial, Calif. By Cary Blake Farm Press Editorial Staff Southern California and southwestern Arizona growers, pest control advisers (PCAs), and allied industry members can attend the 21 st annual Fall Desert Crops Workshop Nov. 23 in Imperial, Calif. at the El Centro Moose Lodge. Speakers at the free workshop will cover topics including the Asian citrus psyllid, insect management in vegetables and melons, alfalfa pests, soil-borne fungal diseases in melons, and phosphorus management in vegetables. The University of California (UC) and University of Arizona (UA) are the conference organizers. Eric Natwick, entomologist, UC Cooperative Extension (UCCE), Imperial County, is the conference chair. Western Farm Press is the official workshop sponsor. The tentative agenda includes: 7:15 Registration 7:30 Welcome - Cary Blake, associate editor, Western Farm Press, Gilbert, Ariz.; 7:35 Weevil and aphid management in alfalfa - Eric Natwick, entomology farm advisor, UC Desert Research and Extension Center (DREC), Holtville, Calif.; 7:50 Update on the Asian citrus psyllid, Jolene Dessert, entomologist, Imperial County Agricultural Commissioner s Office, El Centro, Calif.; 8:10 Management tips for insects in leafy vegetables and melons John Palumbo, entomologist, UA Yuma Ag Center (YAC), Yuma, Ariz.; 8:30 Bell pepper production and pest control Jose Aguiar, vegetable crops farm advisor, University of California Cooperative Extension (UCCE), Riverside County, Indio, Calif.; 8:50 Leafhopper management in alfalfa - Vonny Barlow, entomology and agronomy farm advisor, UCCE Riverside County, Blythe, Calif.; 9:10 Using melon herbicides effectively - Barry Tickes, weed science extension agent, YAC; 9:25 Break 15

16 9:40 Salt cedar management - Brent Boutwell, IR-4 staff research associate, UC DREC; 9:55 Don t plant a pest - Milton McGiffen Jr., Cooperative Extension specialist and plant physiologist, UC- Riverside, Riverside, Calif.; 10:15 Soil-borne fungal diseases in melon Donna Henderson, plant pathology farm advisor, UC DREC; 10:30 Effective management of melon powdery mildew in the desert Mike Matheron, plant pathologist, YAC; 10:50 Mitigation of root-knot nematode crop damage by integration of various plant protection approaches Ole Becker, Cooperative Extension specialist and nematologist, UC-Riverside; 11:10 Phosphorous management for desert vegetables Charles Sanchez, soil scientist and director, YAC; 11:30 Salinity management in desert soils Khaled Bali, irrigation and water management advisor, DREC; 11:45 Industry updates; 12:05 Steak lunch - Provided at no charge for those who RSVP by Oct. 28, courtesy of Western Farm Press and commercial suppliers. The times listed are California Standard Time. Arizona time is one hour later. Growers and PCAs can register at the door. Continuing education credit is pending for California and Arizona, plus CCA credit. The El Centro Moose lodge is located at 2310 Myrtle Road, Imperial, Calif For more information and to pre-register, contact Eric Natwick, etnatwick@ucdavis.edu, or (760) , or Cary Blake, Western Farm Press, cblake@farmpress.com, or (480)

17 CIMIS REPORT AND UC DROUGHT MANAGEMENT PUBLICATIONS Khaled Bali and Steve Burch* California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) is a statewide network operated by California Department of Water Resources. Estimates of the daily reference evapotranspiration (ET o ) for the period of October 1 to December 31 for three locations in the Imperial County are presented in Table 1. ET of a particular crop can be estimated by multiplying ET o by crop coefficients. For more information about ET and crop coefficients, contact the UC Imperial County Cooperative Extension Office ( ) or the IID, Irrigation Management Unit ( ). Please feel free to call us if you need additional weather information, or check the latest weather data on the worldwide web ( Table 1. Estimates of daily Evapotranspiration (ET o ) in inches per day Station October November December Calipatria El Centro (Seeley) Holtville (Meloland) Link to UC Drought Management Publications * Irrigation Management Unit, Imperial Irrigation District. Heat and Farm Safety Bilingual Information Khaled M. Bali The University of California Communication Services News & Information Outreach program published a bilingual brochure on information that helps you stay safe in the farm. For information about heat and farm safety in English and Spanish, please visit the AsisTel website: AsisTel is a bilingual toll-free information line, available nationwide AsisTel de la UC: Servicio de Información en Español: 17