Pest Management in Potatoes
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1 Pest Management in Potatoes Late Blight, Early Blight, and Verticillium Wilt Jeff Miller
2 Foliar Diseases in Southern Idaho Early blight/brown leaf spot annual Affected by plant nutrition White mold annual Late blight sporadic, most devastating Black dot ubiquitous, fungicides not highly effective Affected by plant nutrition Gray mold periodic, fungicides not highly effective All are influenced by variety.
3 Idaho Potato Commission Early Blight Trials at Miller Research, Number of Years Product Tested Fungicide Name A13703N Aproach BAS F BAS F Bravo WS Cabrio Plus CupriDyne Dithane F 45 Double Nickel Echo DF Echo ZN Endura EXP11081A Gavel Gem Gem RC GWN GWN EXP1 GWN EXP2 Headline Headline SC Inspire
4 Idaho Potato Commission Early Blight Trials at Miller Research, Number of Years Product Tested Fungicide Name Luna Privilege Luna Tranquility Manzate Omega Omega Top Penncozeb Polyram Priaxor Quadris Quadris Top Quash Reason Revus Top Rovral Rovral Flo Scala Serenade ASO Super Tin Tanos Vertisan Zoxium
5 Trial Method Summary Russet Burbank 36 row spacing, 12 seed spacing 2013 Two trials 14 treatments (26 total), 4 replications, RCBD 2014 One Trial 24 treatments, 4 replications, RCBD Applications made by ground 13 gpa Initiated pre RC 14 day interval (7 day for select treatments) 4 total applications (6 9 applications for 7 day)
6 Standard Program 2013 Endura (5.5 oz) Bravo WS (1.0 pt) Endura (5.5 oz) Bravo WS (1.0 pt) Bravo WS (1.5 pt) Bravo WS (1.5 pt)
7 Early Blight Severity a Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) cd Endura (7) Endura (7) Cabrio+ Cabrio+ ab Luna Tran (11) Luna Tran (11) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) e Quash (2.5) Quash (2.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) d Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) cd Endura (3.5) Quash (2.5) Endura (3.5) Quash (2.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) cd
8 White Mold Incidence bc Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) cde Endura (7) Endura (7) Cabrio+ Cabrio+ f Luna Tran (11) Luna Tran (11) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) f Quash (2.5) Quash (2.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) b Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) a Endura (3.5) Quash (2.5) Endura (3.5) Quash (2.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) ef
9 Total Yield g Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) 656 fg Endura (7) Endura (7) Cabrio+ Cabrio+ 658 efg Luna Tran (11) Luna Tran (11) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) 698 bcd Quash (2.5) Quash (2.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) 713 ab Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Endura (3.5) Quash (2.5) Endura (3.5) Quash (2.5) 646 Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) 707 fg abc
10 Standard Program 2014 Endura (5.5 oz) Bravo WS (1.0 pt) Endura (5.5 oz) Bravo WS (1.0 pt) Bravo WS (1.5 pt) Bravo WS (1.5 pt)
11 Early Blight Severity a * Scala (7) Revus Top (5.5) Revus Top (5.5) Scala (7) Revus Top (5.5) Revus Top (5.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Revus Top (5.5) Scala (7) Super Tin (3.75) Revus Top (5.5) Scala (7) Super Tin (3.75) bc c bc bc b b bc *This treatment had Headline (9) applied 2 weeks earlier
12 White Mold Incidence a Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) b * Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) b Scala (7) Scala (7) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) b Revus Top (5.5) Revus Top (5.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) b Revus Top (5.5) Revus Top (5.5) b Revus Top (5.5) Revus Top (5.5) Scala (7) Scala (7) b Super Tin (3.75) Super Tin (3.75) b *This treatment had Headline (9) applied 2 weeks earlier
13 Total Yield c * Scala (7) Revus Top (5.5) Revus Top (5.5) Scala (7) Revus Top (5.5) Revus Top (5.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) Revus Top (5.5) Scala (7) Super Tin (3.75) Revus Top (5.5) Scala (7) Super Tin (3.75) *This treatment had Headline (9) applied 2 weeks earlier 740 a 733 ab 718 ab 723 ab 742 a 700 bc 725 ab
14 Take Home Points Adding another protectant improved disease control. Headline early did not improve disease control. Adding Revus Top late improved efficacy and adds late blight protection. Addition of Scala to Bravo did not improve disease control. Replacing Bravo late with Super Tin did not improve control.
15 Early Blight Severity a Endura Bravo Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) b Luna Tran (11) Luna Tran (11) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) d Luna Tran (11) Quash (4) Luna Tran (11) Quash (4) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) d Quash (2.5) Quash (2.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) c Bravo (1.5) Starting at RC on 7 Day Schedule (9 Apps) d
16 White Mold Incidence ab Endura Bravo Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) cd Luna Tran (11) Luna Tran (11) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) d Luna Tran (11) Quash (4) Luna Tran (11) Quash (4) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) bcd Quash (2.5) Quash (2.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) bc Bravo (1.5) Starting at RC on 7 Day Schedule (9 Apps) a
17 Total Yield c Endura Bravo Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) 740 ab Luna Tran (11) Luna Tran (11) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) 735 ab Luna Tran (11) Quash (4) Luna Tran (11) Quash (4) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) 760 a Quash (2.5) Quash (2.5) Bravo (1.5) Bravo (1.5) 747 ab Bravo (1.5) Starting at RC on 7 Day Schedule (9 Apps) 702 bc
18 Take Home Points Luna Tranquility provides more effective early blight control than Endura. Adding Quash increased yield. MRLs needed for Japan, Taiwan/Hong Kong, Korea Anticipated 1 st or 2 nd Quarter 2015
19 But what if late blight is present?
20
21 Late Blight in Idaho, 2014 August 12 = Bingham August 15 = Power and Bonneville August 20 = Madison August 22 = Fremont
22 The Far Side
23 We haven t really seen much late blight in a while. Why did it show up so bad this year?
24 Late Blight Disease Cycle Spores produced under cool, humid conditions Cull pile, volunteer, seed
25 Disease Triangle Pathogen Cull piles, volunteers, seed Tomatoes?
26
27 What fungicides should I use against late blight?
28 Fungicides Effective against Foliar Late Blight Chlorothalonil Headline Mancozeb/metiram Quadris Reason Super Tin Curzate/Tanos Forum Gavel Omega Previcur Ranman Revus Top Use the rate labeled for late blight.
29
30
31 Untreated 2 Bravo/Quadris/Gavel Dithane/Quadris/Gavel Headline/Bravo/Polyram/Acrobat Headline/Bravo/Polyram/ST Omega Equus/Kocide/Manzate/ST Equus/Manzate/ST Equus/Manzate/ST Champ/Bravo(2) Champ/Bravo(1) Ranman(2)/Headline(2) Ranman Ranman(2)/Headline Ranman(1)/Headline Bravo/Reason Bravo/Previcur/Reason Bravo/Reason/Previcur Dithane RS Bravo WS Untreated Inoculated late blight trial, Bonners Ferry, ID 2002 Relative AUDPC (0 100)
32 Untreated 2 Bravo/Quadris/Gavel Dithane/Quadris/Gavel Headline/Bravo/Polyram/Acrobat Headline/Bravo/Polyram/ST Omega Equus/Kocide/Manzate/ST Equus/Manzate/ST Equus/Manzate/ST Champ/Bravo(2) Champ/Bravo(1) Ranman(2)/Headline(2) Ranman Ranman(2)/Headline Ranman(1)/Headline Bravo/Reason Bravo/Previcur/Reason Bravo/Reason/Previcur Dithane RS Bravo WS Untreated 1 Inoculated late blight trial, Bonners Ferry, ID % Blighted Tubers
33 Dithane Dithane/Quadris Fosphite/Quadris/Dithane Fosphite Reason+Bond/Bravo Bravo/Omega/Ranman+Silwet Bravo/Ranman+Silwet Ranman+Silwet+SuperTin Ranman+Silwet Untreated Control Inoculated late blight trial, Bonners Ferry, ID % Foliar Blight Severity
34 Dithane Dithane/Quadris Fosphite/Quadris/Dithane Fosphite Reason+Bond/Bravo Bravo/Omega/Ranman+Silwet Bravo/Ranman+Silwet Ranman+Silwet+SuperTin Ranman+Silwet Untreated Control % Blighted Tubers Inoculated late blight trial, Bonners Ferry, ID 2003
35 Influence of Weather Weather Classification % Disease Reduction Mild 90 Moderate 77 Severe 66 From 1997 North American Late Blight Fungicide Trial D. A. Inglis, M. L. Powelson, B. Gunderson, and M. Cappeart
36 Foliar Phosphites Tuber Late Blight Bonners Ferry, ID, 2002 Post harvest artificial inoculation % Tubers Infected No Phostrol Phostrol 2X Phostrol 3X Norkotah Burbank
37 Foliar Phosphites Tuber Late Blight Othello, WA, 2002 Post harvest artificial inoculation % Tubers Infected No Phostrol Phostrol 2X Phostrol 3X Umatilla Ranger
38 How often should I spray?
39 Fungicide Application Interval Foliar Late Blight AUDPC day 14-day Control Under light pressure, no difference in 7 or 14 day intervals for foliar blight.
40 Fungicide Application Interval Tuber Late Blight % tubers infected day 14-day Control Under light pressure, significantly less tuber blight with the 7 day program.
41 Which application method is best?
42 Application Method Upper Leaves 60 ug Mn/g leaf tissue Chemigation Aerial Late chemigation Missed aerial 0 12-Jul 19-Jul 26-Jul 2-Aug 9-Aug
43 Application Method Lower Leaves ug Mn/g leaf tissue 18 Chemigation 16 Aerial Jul 19-Jul 26-Jul 2-Aug 9-Aug
44 Application Method Stem Residues ug Mn/g leaf tissue Chemigation Aerial Jul 19-Jul 26-Jul 2-Aug 9-Aug
45 Effect of Application Method on Fungicide Residues Jul 19-Jul 26-Jul 2-Aug 9-Aug Jul 19-Jul 26-Jul 2-Aug 9-Aug Jul 19-Jul 26-Jul 2-Aug 9-Aug Top Leaves Lower Leaves Stems Chemigation Aerial
46 Should I apply fungicides if the vines are almost dead?
47 Soil Applied Fungicides for Late Blight L.D. Porter, et al., Plant Disease 90: % Tubers Infected Water Kocide Bravo WS Super Tin Curzate Polyram + ST Polyram Penncozeb Trial 1
48 Soil Applied Fungicides for Late Blight L.D. Porter, et al., Plant Disease 90: % Tubers Infected Water Kocide Bravo WS Super Tin Curzate Polyram + ST Polyram Penncozeb Trial 2
49 Will a post harvest fungicide application help with late blight going into storage?
50 Post Harvest Fungicides % Tubers Infected Untreated HPPA PA Hours from Inoculation to Treatment
51 More Late Blight Information Idaho Potato Conference January Foliar Disease Management Workshop (Jan. 21, 8:00 9:00 am, Wood River) Tuber Disease Management Workshop (Jan. 21, 10:45 11:45 am, Wood River) Managing Late Blight at Harvest and into Storage (Jan. 22, 9:45 10:45 am, South and Middle Fork)
52 Conclusions Early Blight and White Mold Luna Tranquility most effective on early blight New standard recommendation: 1. Luna T (11.2) + Protectant 2. Luna T (11.2) + Protectant 3. Protectant 4. Protectant Protectant = chlorothalonil or EBDC Will provide late blight protection. Revus Top, Quadris Top improve EB control Quash provides yield benefit
53 Conclusions Late Blight Usually occurs later. Adjust recommendation: 1. Luna T (11.2) + Protectant 2. Luna T (11.2) + Protectant 3. LB product (+ Protectant) 4. LB product (+ Protectant) Frequency may need to change based on pressure
54 Most Effective Late Blight Products Gavel (EB also, protectant included) Omega (WM also, but timing may be too late) Ranman (LB only) Revus Top (EB also) Curzate or Tanos (LB only) Forum (LB only) Previcur (LB only)
55 Use of Vydate as an Alternative to Metam Sodium
56 2013 Treatments Trt Treatment Product Rate Unit/acre 1 Check 2 Vapam 40 Metam Quadris gal fl oz 3 Vapam 40 + V2 Metam Vertisan Vydate CLV 4 Vapam 20 Metam Quadris 5 Vapam 20 + V2 Metam Vertisan Vydate CLV 6 V2 Vertisan Vydate CLV gal fl oz pint gal fl oz gal fl oz pint fl oz pint
57 2013 Vertisan/Vydate Trial Shank Fumigation March 25 Row Marked Out April 15 Planting May 1 Russet Burbank Vydate IF (2.1 pt)
58 2013 Vertisan/Vydate Trial Chemigation Applications 8 10 rosette (June 12) First trash on ground (FT) July 2 FT + 14 day schedule (+2) July 16 July 31 August 14
59 Visual Vigor August 30 Vapam V2 Vapam + V2
60 Plant Vigor September 3, c b b UTC Vapam 40 Vapam 20 V2 Vapam 40 + V2 b a a Vapam 20 + V2
61 Total Yield, c ab bc b a a cwt/acre UTC Vapam 40 Vapam 20 V2 Vapam 40 + V2 $220 $110 $153* Vapam 20 + V2 $373* $263* *Cost of Vertisan not known.
62 Net $ Return vs. No Fumigation Vapam40 Vapam20 V2 V2+40 V2+20 Process Fresh
63 2014 IPC Vapam/Vydate Trial 1 Fall Oct 29 IF Apr 23 8 June 11 1 st Trash July 1 July 14 July 29 Aug 12 Method 2 Vapam (40) Shank foliar IF, Chem 4 Vapam (20) foliar IF, Chem foliars IF, Chem 6 Vapam (20) foliars IF, Chem foliars IF, Chem 8 Vapam (20) foliars IF, Chem Vydate always used at 2.1 pt/acre. Vertisan was not used in this trial.
64
65 Aerial View August 20 No Vapam, No Vydate Vydate 2X Vydate 4X Vydate 6X Vydate 4X Air Vapam, 40 gal Vapam, 20 gal Vydate 2X Vapam, 20 gal Vydate 4X Vapam, 20 gal Vydate 6X Vapam, 20 gal Vydate 6X Air
66 Plant Vigor September a a a a b b d c Check Vapam (40) Vydate 2X Vydate 4X Vydate 6X Vydate 2X + 20 Vydate 4X + 20 Vydate 6X + 20
67 Total Tuber Yield (Cwt) c a c c c ab b ab Check Vapam (40) Vydate 2X Vydate 4X Vydate 6X Vydate 2X + 20 Vydate 4X + 20 Vydate 6X + 20
68 Conclusions Results in 2014 not the same as 2013 Fall vs. Spring Fumigation
69
70 Acknowledgements Trent Taysom Scott Anderson Cheryn Clayton Mark O Brien Northwest Research Consortium BASF, Bayer, DuPont, FMC, Gowan, Syngenta Crop Protection, Valent USA
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