Guide to the Late Blight Decision Support System (DSS) For Potatoes and Tomatoes

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1 Guide to the Late Blight Decision Support System (DSS) For Potatoes and Tomatoes 1

2 Setting up an Account: The first step in using the Decision Support System (DSS) is to obtain an account. Laura Joseph will be facilitating this process. She can be reached at the following address: Once an account has been set up you will need to set up a username and password to log into the system. This is necessary to gain access to the system. You can establish several independent potato fields/farms if you wish. Data for each field/farm will be maintained uniquely. Having an account will also allow you to view the data in the off season. There will be several ways to get to the DSS site. One way will be to go to the NEWA site ( and find the link under Crop Pages: Potatoes or under Pest Forecast (Figure 1). You could also select a station page, go to the regional and state pest forecast section and follow the link to the site there (Figure2). Alternatively you could enter the url in the address area of your browser and bookmark it (Figure 3). Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Once you get to the site the following dialog box will be displayed. Here you will enter your name and password. 2

3 Setting up Field Information Once you log into the system you will be asked to locate your fields and provide specific latitude and longitude coordinates. A link will be provided for you to locate your fields coordinates as shown. Clicking the link will take you to another page to find your coordinates; You can find your coordinates by either entering an address or clicking in the map using the + and to zoom in and out. Once you get to your street you can pinpoint your location by clicking the satellite tab. This will give you aerial photos of your location. 3

4 When all the data is set up and you are logged in, the following page will be displayed. The image below illustrates the entire page. The various inputs on this page will be examined more closely in the following pages. 4

5 Input Field Data When this button is clicked the varieties listed below will be displayed and you can select the one that you ve planted. 5

6 In order to make predictions using the late blight simulator, there has to be some disease. This section of the system enables you to set the level of disease. The Disease level drop down box allows you to select the level of disease in the field. The drop down box is shown above. Blight has been observed blight is present in the field Blight has not been observed no blight found Inoculate blight If you wish to know what late blight would have done if it were present, you can inoculate your field. Alternatively you can specify a specific level of disease (%). Finally, the interface will estimate the initial amount of disease if you can identify the last time the field appeared healthy and the date that disease (amount detected) was first observed. Specify sporangia You can inoculate with sporangia (per 100 square ft). Applied Fungicides This section allows you to track fungicide applications. It can be omitted until an application is made. Currently the system only tracks Chlorothalonil (Bravo). When you make an application or when you schedule an application you enter it here. Dates, times and rates are all required. 6

7 Get Predictions Prediction Graphs The prediction graph shows the predicted percent disease status in the field. A summary of the field history is located at the top of the graph and is based on information you supplied in the beginning. The Prediction Graph green line in the graph shows the percent disease which is obtained using past (actual) data from a weather station. The red line shows the percent disease based on National Weather Forecast for thet latitude and longitude of your farm/field. In order to obtain a prediction, you need to name the file (here named freevilletest ) into which the prediction goes. Each prediction (simulation) needs a unique name. The graph also tracks your fungicide sprays (vertical lines in blue). Also displayed with the graph are the: Emergence Date Inoculation date Micro colonies (initial disease) 7

8 Fungicide Residue- This prediction will bring up a graph which details fungicide residue information. Looking at the graph you will notice that all the field information you have entered is displayed at the top of the report as it is in all reports. The actual graph has several components. The first is the green and red lines. These Fungicide Residue lines show the amount of fungicide residue that is obtained based on predictions using actual weather data (green) and that which is obtained with forecasted data (red). You will notice at the time of each application that the residue is at its highest trending down before subsequent fungicide applications. The blue lines depict the date of each fungicide application. With the graph are included: Emergence Date Inoculation date Micro colonies (initial disease) if this is how you ve defined the inoculation 8

9 Prediction Listing - The prediction listing is the daily data output from the simulation model. This listing provides the tabular data that are presented in the several graphs. In addition there are other data as well. These data are from the simulation model which is based on a small plot of potatoes. Thus the numbers in the columns relate to that small plot (225 square feet). The data in this listing are intended for the advanced user. Most users will not need to refer to this listing. Prediction Listings - As with all the prediction reports the field data that you entered are summarized at the top of the report. The color legend describes and defines what you are observing in the table. (This example was constructed on February 15, 2010, but when you use this system during the season, the date that you query the system will appear at the top. This report was generated for the date 7/12/09 Color Legend White shows data (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) that was derived using actual weather station information. Beige shows data (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) that was derived from National Weather Service Forecasts. Yellow shows data (temperature, relative humidity but no rainfall data) that was derived from National Weather Service Forecasts. The NWS does not forecast rainfall data past 3 days. 9 Green The green shadings in the report identify the dates of your fungicide applications as you go through the season.

10 Here an explanation for the column headings Here are the column headings for the Prediction Listing: Date, (calendar date) Day of Season (number of days since planting), Number of Sporangia (per 225 square feet) ( This value identifies the number of sporangia predicted to be available for dispersal if there is disease in the field.) Cumulative Disease Severity. (This value is merely the sum of each of the daily values of % disease. It is also known as the Area under the Disease Progress Curve, a parameter that is useful to researchers to compare epidemics.) Germinated Zoospores This is the number of the zoospores that are predicted to have germinated. Germinated Sporangia (This is the number of the sporangia that are predicted to have produced zoospores or to have germinated via a germ tuber.) New lesions (This is the number results from the number of germinated zoospores It reflects the proportion that have 10

11 Weather data: RH, Temp., Rainfall If you click on freevillefarm for RH, Temp, Rainfall, you will receive reports for this location. RH, Temp., Rainfall Graphs display each parameter in separate graphs. The green lines show actual data and the red lines show forecasted data. The rainfall line only extends 3 days because the National Weather Service currently forecast that parameter out 3 days. 11

12 BliteCast Reports Blitecast This report is similar to the report that can be pulled up on NEWA with some important differences. Color Legend White shows data (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) that was derived from actual weather station information. Beige shows data (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) that was derived from National Weather Service Forecasts. Red shows season s first disease alert. Orange shows subsequent disease alerts. Green The green lines in the report will show your fungicide applications as you go through the season. This report keeps track of severity values for the day, between sprays, and for the season. It also tracks severity values based on NWS forecasts. 12

13 Simcast Reports 13

14 Simcast Report SimCast is a disease forecast that incorporates the effects of host resistance and fungicide residue as well as weather in determining the need for a fungicide. The weather effects are quantified as Blight Units. Blight units accumulate with time. The higher the value for blight units, the more favorable the weather has been for late blight. There are three columns for blight units one for daily accumulation, one for accumulation since the last fungicide application, and one for season-long accumulation. The Fungicide effects are quantified as Fungicide Units. Because fungicide declines over time between application, the fungicide units are negative indicating declining amounts of fungicide on the foliage. Again there are three columns one for daily loss, one for loss since the last application, and one for season long total losses. The Blight Units since the last application and the Fungicide Units since the last application are re-set to zero with each fungicide application. Susceptible cultivars need more fungicide applied more frequently than do more resistant cultivars. The guidelines for using fungicide are given at the top of the page. 14

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