Update on 2013 Weed Science Research in the IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program. Palmer, C.L., J. Baron, E. Vea and E. Lurvey
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1 Update on 2013 Weed Science Research in the IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Palmer, C.L., J. Baron, E. Vea and E. Lurvey
2 2013 Herbicide Crop Safety Research
3 2013 Herbicide Crop Safety Products F6875 (sulfentrazone + prodiamine) Gallery (isoxaben) Tower EC (dimethenamid-p) Marengo G (indaziflam) Biathlon (oxyfluorfen + prodiamine) Freehand G (pendimethalin + dimethenamid-p) Snapshot 2.5G (trifluralin + isoxaben) Rates (1x, 2x, 4x)
4 2013 Herbicide Crop Safety Applications were applied As plants broke dormancy, within 1 week after transplanting Six (6) weeks after the first application Ratings Phytotoxicity on a scale of 0 to 10 1, 2, and 4 weeks after each application
5 2013 Results Little to no injury across tested crops Biathlon (exception Hemerocallis sp) No to moderate injury depending on crop Gallery No to severe injury depending on crop F6875 Freehand G Marengo G Tower
6 0 lb ai per acre lb ai per acre 0.75 lb ai per acre 1.5 lb ai per acre F6875 on Calamagrostics acutiflora, Mansue, NJ, 2013
7 0 lb ai per acre 0.5 lb ai per acre 1 lb ai per acre 2 lb ai per acre Gallery applied to Salvia nemorosa; 0x, 1x, 2x, 4x Peachey, OR, 2013
8 Product/Crop Combinations with No to Little Transient Injury F6875 (sulfentrazone + prodiamine) Calamagrostis acutiflora**, Delosperma nubigenum, Echinocactus grusonii, Ilex cornuta Gallery (isoxaben) Calamagrostis acutiflora Tower (dimethenamid-p) Chasmanthium latifolium, Delosperma nubigenum, Dryopteris erythorosora, Echinocactus grusonii, Euonymus japonicus, Forsythia x intermedia, Hosta sp., Ophiopogon japonica, Quercus sp. Indaziflam G Euonymus alatus Biathlon (oxyfluorfen + prodiamine) Betula nigra, Dryopteris erythrosora, Iberis sempervirens, Oxydendrum arboretum, Pieris japonica, Prunus sp., Rhododendron, Rosmarinus officinalis, Rudbeckia sp. Freehand G (pendimethalin + dimethenamid-p) Agave ellemeetiana, Aloe brevifolia, Osmanthus fragrans
9 Liverwort Efficacy and Crop Safety
10 Liverwort Herbicide Crop Safety Products Avenger Ag (d-limonene): 14%, 28% Bryophyter (oregano oil extract): 1%, 2% Emery Agro/Racer (ammonium nonanoate): 3%, 6% Scythe (pelargonic acid): 3%, 6% SureGuard (flumioxazin): 4, 12 fl oz per acre Tower EC (dimethenamid-p): 21, 32 fl oz per acre WeedPharm (acetic acid): 5%, 10%
11 Liverwort Efficacy & Crop Safety Crop Safety Two applications between 8 and 12 weeks apart: 1) during wintertime 2) when crop demonstrates active growth Efficacy Standardized methodology to inoculate pots with liverwort gemmae. Post emergent applications when 50% to 75% of pot surface is covered for immature liverwort or when 50% of mature liverwort contain antheridia With and without irrigation 15 to 30 minutes after application
12 Liverwort Efficacy ( ) Beste, Czarnota, Derr, DeFrancesco, Frank, Freiberger, Gilliam, Mathers, Peachey, Reding, Senesac, Wilen Product (Active Ingredient) Avenger Ag (d-limonene) BroadStar 0.25G (Flumioxazin) BroadStar 0.25G VC1604 (Flumioxazin) Bryophyter (Oregano oil) Champ DF (Copper Hydroxide) Chipco Ronstar G (Oxadiazon) FlowerPharm (Cinnamon oil + rosemary oil) Freehand G (Dimethenamid-p + pendimethalin) Junction (SePro) (Mancozeb + copper hydroxide) QuickSilver T&O (Carfentrazone-ethyl) Racer Herbicide (Ammonium nonanoate) Researcher observations converted to a scale of 0 to 5; 0 = no efficacy; 5 = 100% efficacy. Efficacy Rating (Range) number of trials 4.1 (1-5) n9 2.0 (2-2) n3 1.0 (1-1) n1 3.7 (1-5) n (1-2) n (1-1) n3 1.0 (1-1) n2 1.0 (1-1) n1 1.0 (1-1) n4 1.3 (1-2) n8 3.1 (1-5) n15
13 Liverwort Efficacy ( ), cont. Beste, Czarnota, Derr, DeFrancesco, Frank, Freiberger, Gilliam, Mathers, Peachey, Reding, Senesac, Wilen Product (Active Ingredient) Scythe (Pelargonic acid) Showcase (Trifluralin + Isoxaben + Oxyfluorfen) Sporan (Plant Essential Oils) Sporotec (Clove oil + Rosemary oil + Thyme oil) SureGuard 51WDG (Flumioxazin) Terracyte Pro (Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate) Tower (Dimethenamid-p) Efficacy Rating (Range) number of trials 4.5 (1-5) n (1-1) n3 1.0 (1-1) n1 1.0 (1-1) n3 4.2 (1-5) n (1-5) n (1-5) n15 V WG (Flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone) 3.6 (1-5) n5 Weed Pharm (Acetic acid) Xeroton (Peroxyacetic acid) 4.2 (1-5) n12 Labeled 2.5 (1-4) n2 Researcher observations converted to a scale of 0 to 5; 0 = no efficacy; 5 = 100% efficacy.
14 Liverwort Product Crop Safety ( ) Avenger Ag (dlimonene) Bryophyter (Oregano oil) Emery Agro 7000 Concentrate (Ammonium nonanoate) Racer Herbicide (Ammonium nonanoate) Plant Group Crop Boxwood, Japanese (Buxus microphylla) 2.0 (2-2) n1 4.0 (4-4) n1 2.5 (1-4) n2 Broadleaf Boxwood (Buxus sp.) 4.0 (4-4) n1 Evergreen Holly (Ilex sp.) 3.0 (3-3) n1 Tree/Shrub Holly, Blue (Ilex x meserveae) 4.0 (4-4) n1 1.0 (1-1) n1 4.0 (4-4) n1 1.0 (1-1) n1 Azalea (Rhododendron sp.) 4.0 (4-4) n1 2.0 (2-2) n1 4.0 (4-4) n1 Bulbs & Corms Daylily (Hemerocallis sp.) 3.0 (3-3) n1 3.0 (3-3) n1 2.0 (2-2) n1 3.0 (3-3) n1 2.0 (2-2) n1 Cactus & Succulents Stonecrop (Sedum sp.) 4.0 (4-4) n1 4.0 (4-4) n1 2.0 (2-2) n1 Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) 1.0 (1-1) n1 1.0 (1-1) n1 5.0 (5-5) n1 2.5 (1-4) n2 Flowering Quince (Chaenomeles sp.) 3.0 (3-3) n1 Winged Burning Bush (Euonymus alatus) 3.0 (3-3) n1 Deciduous Golden Bells (Forsythia sp.) 3.0 (3-3) n1 Tree/Shrub/Vine Hydrangea (Hydrangea sp.) 4.0 (4-4) n1 3.0 (2-4) n2 3.0 (2-4) n2 4.0 (4-4) n1 2.6 (1-3) n5 Sage, Russian;Blue Spire (Perovskia sp.) 4.0 (4-4) n1 Lilac (Syringa sp.) 4.0 (4-4) n1 3.0 (3-3) n1 5.0 (5-5) n1 3.7 (3-4) n3 Arrowwood (Viburnum sp.) 2.0 (2-2) n1 Fern Fern, Autumn & Wood (Dryopteris sp.) 3.5 (3-4) n2 3.0 (3-3) n2 3.0 (3-3) n2 3.0 (3-3) n1 2.0 (1-3) n2 Fern, Royal (Osmunda regalis) 4.0 (4-4) n1 4.0 (4-4) n1 4.0 (4-4) n1 4.0 (4-4) n1 2.0 (2-2) n1 Hardy Ground Delosperma sp. (Delosperma sp.) 3.3 (2-4) n3 3.0 (2-4) n3 3.0 (2-4) n3 3.3 (2-4) n3 3.3 (2-4) n3 Cover Foliage Lilyturf, Creeping (Liriope sp.) 4.0 (4-4) n1 3.0 (3-3) n1 3.0 (3-3) n1 Lady's-Mantle (Alchemilla sp.) 4.0 (4-4) n1 3.0 (3-3) n1 3.0 (3-3) n1 Herbaceous Mallow, Rose Mallow (Hibiscus sp.) 3.0 (3-3) n1 Flowering Plant Coral Bells, Alumroot (Heuchera sanguinea) 3.0 (2-4) n2 3.5 (3-4) n2 2.5 (2-3) n2 4.0 (4-4) n1 3.5 (3-4) n2 Hosta (Hosta sp.) 4.0 (4-4) n2 3.0 (3-3) n2 3.0 (3-3) n2 3.0 (3-3) n1 2.5 (2-3) n2 Juniper, Creeping or Trailing (Juniperus Narrowleaf 2.0 (2-2) n1 horizontalis) Evergreen Arborvitae, American (Thuja occidentalis) 3.0 (3-3) n1 Tree/Shrub Arborvitae (Thuja sp.) 1.0 (1-1) n1 2.0 (2-2) n1 1.0 (1-1) n1 Ornamental Grass Mondo Grass, Lilyturf (Ophiopogon sp.) 4.0 (4-4) n1 1.0 (1-1) n1 3.0 (3-3) n1 Scythe (Pelargonic acid) Weed Pharm (Acetic acid)
15 Conclusions Low to severe injury was observed with the nonselective, over-the-top applications for liverwort control. Injury was partially alleviated with immediate irrigation Immediate irrigation tended to reduce efficacy It will be challenging to register most non-selectives with over the top applications given the level of injury observed.
16 Thank you! Funding for IR-4 Research: USDA-NIFA USDA-ARS USDA-APHIS Land Grant Institutions Weed Science Researchers: John Ahrens Carrie Mansue Ed Beste Hannah Mathers Rick Boydston Todd Mervosh Mark Czarnota Joe Neal Jeff Derr Ed Peachey Brent Ray Frank Pemberton Tom Freiberger Mike Reding Charles Gilliam Andy Senesac John Harvey Buzz Uber Grant Jones Lucia Villavicencio James Klett Cheryl Wilen IR-4 Personnel: Michelle Foo Diane Infante Edith Lurvey Satoru Miyazaki Mika Pringle- Tolson Becky Sisco Ely Vea
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