2009 Teacher Created Resources, Inc.

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1 Editorial Project Manager Lorin Klistoff, M.A. Editor in Chief Karen J. Goldfluss, M.S. Ed. Cover Artist Tony Carrillo Illustrator Vanessa Countryman Art Coordinator Renée Christine Yates Art Manager Kevin Barnes Imaging Leonard P. Swierski Rosa C. See Publisher Mary D. Smith, M.S. Ed. Author Robert W. Smith The classroom teacher may reproduce copies of materials in this book for classroom use only. Reproduction of any part for an entire school or school system is strictly prohibited. No part of this publication may be transmitted, stored, or recorded in any form without written permission from the publisher. Teacher Created Resources, Inc Industry Way Westminster, CA ISBN: Teacher Created Resources, Inc. Made in U.S.A.

2 Introduction Locating Simple Science Materials Standards Correlation Thinking About Inquiry Investigations Inquiry Assessment Rubric Student Inquiry Worksheets Sample Inquiry Project Unit 1 Life Science: Seeds and Plants Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Making a Seed Collection Student Activity Page: Seeds and Light Student Activity Page: Plants and Light Student Activity Page: Geotropism and Phototropism Student Activity Page: Tunnel of Light Student Inquiry Activity Biography Focus on a Scientist: George Washington Carver Unit 2 Life Science: Pill Bugs Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Pill Bug Environments Student Activity Page: Investigating Pill Bugs Student Inquiry Activity Unit 3 Life Science: Measuring Length and Distance Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Measuring Using Inches Student Activity Page: Measuring Using Centimeters Student Inquiry Activity Table of Contents Unit 5 Life Science: Silkworms Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Examining Newly Hatched Larvae Student Activity Page: Investigating Silkworm Larvae Student Activity Page: More Investigating Silkworm Larvae Student Activity Page: Pupas and Cocoons Student Activity Page: Investigating Silkworm Moths Student Inquiry Activity Biography Focus on a Scientist: Louis Pasteur Unit 6 Life Science: Vertebrates and Invertebrates Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Vertebrate or Invertebrate? Student Activity Page: Characteristics of Vertebrates Student Inquiry Activity Unit 7 Life Science: Measuring Weight Student Reading Page Student Activity Page: Making an Equal-Arm Balance Student Activity Page: Using an Equal-Arm Balance Student Inquiry Activity Unit 8 Earth Science: Rocks and Minerals Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Investigating Rocks Student Activity Page: Collecting and Studying Rocks Student Activity Page: Testing Hardness Student Activity Page: Collecting and Identifying Rocks Student Activity Page: Weighing and Studying Rocks Student Activity Page: Identifying Rocks Unit 4 Life Science: Snails Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Snail Farms Student Activity Page: Snail Investigations. 43 Student Activity Page: Snail on a String Student Activity Page: Snail Art Student Inquiry Activity Student Inquiry Activity #8964 Standards-Based Science Investigations Teacher Created Resources, Inc.

3 Unit 9 Earth Science: Soil Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Soil Samples Student Activity Page: Soil and Sediment.. 81 Student Activity Page: Erosion Patterns Student Inquiry Activity Unit 10 Earth Science: Measuring Temperature Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Comparing Thermometers Student Activity Page: Recording Temperatures Student Activity Page: More Recording Temperatures Student Activity Page: Making a Model Thermometer Student Activity Page: Soaking Up Heat Student Inquiry Activity Biography Focus on Scientists: Fahrenheit and Celsius Unit 11 Physical Science: Magnetism Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Magnetic Attraction Student Activity Page: Attraction and Repulsion Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Making Temporary Magnets Student Activity Page: Magnetic Lines of Force Student Inquiry Activity Unit 12 Physical Science: Electricity Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Simple Circuits Student Activity Page: More Simple Circuits Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Simple Circuits and Switches Student Activity Page: Using a Light Bulb Telegraph Student Reading Pages Table of Contents Student Activity Page: Conductors and Non-conductors Student Activity Page: Making a Galvanometer Student Activity Page: Making an Electromagnet Student Activity Page: Light Bulb Model Student Inquiry Activity Biography Focus on Scientists: Joseph Henry and Michael Faraday Unit 13 Physical Science: Diffusion of Molecules Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Water Streaks Student Activity Page: Smelly Science Student Inquiry Activity Unit 14 Physical Science: Mixtures Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Mixtures Student Activity Page: More Mixtures Student Inquiry Activity Unit 15 Physical Science: Buoyancy and Floatation Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Clay Boats Student Activity Page: Foil Boats Student Inquiry Activity Unit 16 Physical Science: Light Student Reading Pages Student Activity Page: Light and Shadow Student Activity Page: Rainbows on the Wall Student Activity Page: Soapy Rainbows Student Inquiry Activity Unit 17 Create Your Own Science Investigation: Bonus Pages Brainstorming and Selecting a Science Investigation Displaying and Presenting Your Science Investigation Science Investigation Format Science Investigation Worksheet Teacher Created Resources, Inc. #8964 Standards-Based Science Investigations

4 Life Science: Seeds and Plants Seeds and Plants Student Reading Page Unit 1 DID YOU KNOW THAT...? Dry lupin pods explode and throw seeds into the air. Sycamore and maple seeds come equipped with pods that twirl on the wind like helicopters. Coconuts may travel hundreds of miles on ocean currents before reaching land. Some cucumbers explode and hurl seeds across the ground. TYPES OF SEEDS There are many different kinds of seeds. They come in very different sizes and shapes. Each seed is designed to have some features that will contribute to the survival of a plant species. Some seeds never move far from the parent plant. Others may be carried hundreds of miles on wind, over water, or in the fur of animals. Seeds may be encased in stony fruit pits, protected by pods, covered by hard shells, or produced in such enormous numbers that some are bound to survive. SEEDS AS FOOD People eat the seeds of many plants. Seeds are among the basic components of human food production. Most breads are made from the seeds of grains such as wheat, oats, and corn. Many of the vegetables people eat are the seeds of plants, such as beans, peas, and corn. Nuts eaten by men include the seeds of walnut trees, pecans, peanuts, and beechnuts. Modern cities and civilizations are dependent on the ability of farmers to store and plant seeds that will produce huge amounts of food to feed the billions of people who live on the planet. GERMINATION Almost all plants are dependent on a few basic needs in nature. For successful growth, they need light, water, warmth, nutrients from the soil, and oxygen. The process by which a seed sprouts is called germination. The first stage of germination is for the seed to absorb water. Temperature is important to the growth of seeds. They need either the warmth of the Sun s rays heating the soil or the warmth of a plant nursery, a house, or a classroom. Seeds of different plants need different temperatures to germinate. Oxygen is also important. Some seeds may germinate in the dark, but they need sunlight to become healthy and successful plants. One of the reasons planting soil needs to be loose and soft is so that the seed embryo can obtain oxygen. Teacher Created Resources, Inc. 1 #8964 Standards-Based Science Investigations

5 Unit 1 Life Science: Seeds and Plants Unit 1 Seeds and Plants Student Reading Page GROWTH As a seed germinates, the cells divide and the embryo enlarges. The outer shell of the seed splits apart and the new plant begins to develop and many changes occur. The root swells up and breaks through the seed coat. This root produces tiny hairs that absorb water and nutrients from the soil. It also helps to anchor the plant so that it is not destroyed or easily carried away by wind, water, or animals. The stored food within the seed is used by the new plant. The plant then produces a shoot or stem above the root that pushes into the air to produce leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Chlorophyll is the green coloring material in plants. It absorbs sunlight and uses this energy to start the plant s food production. Plants combine water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air to create a kind of sugar. Oxygen is given off by the leaves during the process. The chlorophyll keeps absorbing sunlight to power the plant s foodmaking cells. GEOTROPISM AND PHOTOTROPISM Roots grow downward in response to the force of gravity. This is called geotropism. Roots do not respond to light and are not attracted upward toward the light. Stems or shoots of a plant grow upward moving toward a source of light. This is called phototropism. Stems do not respond to the pull of gravity, however, and are not affected by geotropism. Facts to Remember Plants need light, water, warmth, nutrients from the soil, and oxygen to grow. The process by which green plants make their own food is called photosynthesis. VOCABULARY chlorophyll green coloring in plants essential to food making geotropism the downward pull of gravity on roots germination the process by which a seed starts to grow photosynthesis the process by which a green plant makes food phototropism the pull of light on the stems and shoots of plants #8964 Standards-Based Science Investigations Teacher Created Resources, Inc.

6 Unit 1 Life Science: Seeds and Plants Student Activity Page Making a Seed Collection Materials seeds of all kinds magnifying glass tape display paper Collecting Seeds 1. Collect as many different kinds of seeds as you can find to tape onto your display paper. Look through kitchens, fields, vegetable gardens, flower gardens, lawns, bushes, trees, patches of dirt, and any place that plants grow or are used. 2. Try to find and identify some of the seeds illustrated on this page. Use a magnifying glass to help you. 3. Label the seeds you can identify on your display paper. Vegetables corn pea lima bean green bean radish carrot potato beet cucumber lettuce peanut soybean apple cherry peach apricot orange raspberry pear lemon grapefruit pumpkin tomato plum coffee maple spruce pine oak holly chestnut pecan walnut beech willow cottonwood dandelion rose marigold poppy carnation sweet pea tulip sunflower Fruits Trees Flowers Teacher Created Resources, Inc. 23 #8964 Standards-Based Science Investigations

7 Unit 1 Life Science: Seeds and Plants Seeds and Light Student Activity Page Materials small seeds tomato seeds, radish seeds, or carrot seeds water sprayer or small measuring cup clear plastic cups white facial tissue Directions 1. Fold one facial tissue so that it fits in the bottom of a clear plastic cup. Fold another tissue into the bottom of a second cup. 2. Put about 1/2 ounce of water in each cup using a measuring cup or spray each cup until the tissue is wet, but there is no standing water. About three quick sprays in each cup will do. 3. Carefully arrange about 20 raspberry seeds, tomato seeds, radish seeds, carrot seeds or other small seeds in each cup. Use only one kind of seed. Spread them so they are close but not touching. 4. Cover one cup completely with dark paper or place the cup in a closet. Leave the other cup uncovered in the light. 5. Examine each cup daily. Add the same amount of water to each cup when needed. Record your observations below. Be sure to mention the shape, size, and number of seedlings. each cup. Use the back of this paper for further observations. Seeds Grown in Light Day 1 Seeds Grown in Dark Day 1 Day 2 Day 2 Day 3 Day 3 #8964 Standards-Based Science Investigations 4 Teacher Created Resources, Inc.