STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities. Biological Processes and Systems. The Charles A. Dana Center at The University of Texas at Austin

Transcription

1 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Biological Processes and Systems Among Plant Systems 303

2 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities 304

3 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Among Plant Systems Biological Processes and Systems Among Plant Systems Teacher Pages Purpose The purpose of this station is to reinforce students understanding of how plant systems* interact to perform the functions of transport, reproduction, and response. Correlations to Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills Note: Text with a line through it indicates this part of the TEKS is not being addressed in this activity. Some TEKS statements printed here end with a semicolon or the word and with nothing thereafter this indicates that further TEKS statements follow but are not included here. (10) Science concepts. The student knows that biological systems are composed of multiple levels. The student is expected to: (B) describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of transport, reproduction, and response in plants; (Readiness standard) (2) Scientific processes. The student uses scientific methods and equipment during field and laboratory investigations. The student is expected to: (G) (H) analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from data; and (Incorporated) communicate valid conclusions supported by the data through methods such as lab reports, labeled drawings, graphic organizers, journals, summaries, oral reports, and technology-based reports. (Incorporated) Materials The following materials are included in the blackline masters for this station and are available on the enclosed DVD. Station Information sheet (1 per station) Tropism Cards (1 set per station) Plant Events Cards (1 set per station) System Parts Interaction Cards (1 set per station) Plant Systems Flowchart (1 per station) Student Pages (1 set per student) *For the purposes of this activity, we consider that the transport, or vascular, system in plants comprises the xylem and phloem found in the roots, leaves, and stems of most plants; the reproductive system comprises the male and female parts of a flower as well as some asexual means of reproduction found in modern plants; and the sensory, or response, system in plants consists of response to light (phototropism), gravity (geotropism), and touch (thigmotropism). Teacher Pages 305

4 Among Plant Systems STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Supplementary Resources Joyard, J. & McMormick, S. (2010). Plant Systems Biology. Retrieved on July 15, 2011 from Plant Physiology. In Plants, What is a Vascular System? Retrieved on July 15, 2011 from wisegeek. Plant Reproductive System. Retrieved on July 15, 2011 from Encyclopedia Britannica. Advance Preparation 1. Print one copy of all the blackline masters for this station from the enclosed DVD using a color printer color is essential to the station activities. Make one copy of the Student Pages (including the glossary) for each student. 2. Laminate the Station Information sheet and the Plant Systems Interaction Flowchart. 3. Laminate and cut the System Parts Interaction Cards, the Tropism Cards, and the Plant Events Cards. Put the System Parts Interaction Cards in one envelope and the other two card sets in another envelope. Label the two envelopes. Station Setup 1. Tape the Station Information sheet to the station table. Students will use this to confirm the station is set up correctly. 2. Place the Plant Systems Interaction Flowchart as well as the envelopes containing the Systems Parts Interaction Cards and the Tropism and Function Cards at the station. Procedures 1. When students arrive at the station, they should check the station setup against the Station Information sheet at the table. If anything is missing or out of place, the students should notify the teacher. 2. Pass out a copy of the Student Pages to each student. Instruct students to work through the procedures and answer the questions with their teammate(s). 3. As students work through the station activity, circulate around the room, checking their work and responding to questions. 306 Teacher Pages

5 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Among Plant Systems Guide to Student Responses Note: The suggested student responses presented below in italics represent the best possible answers to the student questions; actual student responses may vary. Essential Question In order for a plant to survive, why must its different systems interact? Plant systems must interact because each individual system is specialized and cannot function on its own. Each system depends on the function of other systems to be able to carry out its own functions. Activities and Questions 1. How is it beneficial for a plant to respond to different stimuli in its environment? A plant s response system allows it to use the different stimuli in the environment to its advantage. For example, when a plant responds to the sun by growing toward it, the plant is optimizing photosynthesis and the benefits of light energy. A plant s roots response to gravity enable them to grow in the direction of water and minerals. 2. How do the transport system parts identified in the System Parts Card interact in the leaves, stems, and roots of a plant to benefit the plant? The transport system is composed of two types of tissues: xylem and phloem. The xylem transports water and minerals from the roots, through the stems, and to the leaves. The water and minerals are some of the raw materials necessary for photosynthesis and other important processes in a plant. Once food (i.e., sugar) has been produced via photosynthesis, it is distributed via the phloem to all parts of the plant to be converted into energy so that the plant can carry out its other functions. 3. Explain the effects of Thigmotropism on a plant s tendrils: Thigmotropism (growth in response to touch or physical contact) allows the tendrils to grasp onto objects so that the plant can grow and be supported by the object. This often enables plants to grow in ways that allow them to compete with other plants for available sunlight. Phototropism on the stems and leaves of a plant: Phototropism (growth in the direction of a light source) places the plant s stems and leaves in a more optimum position to receive sunlight for photosynthesis. Geotropism on the roots and leaves of a plant: Geotropism (growth in response to gravity) helps control the direction that roots grow. As roots grow down into the soil, they are more apt to reach moisture and minerals in the soil. Teacher Pages 307

6 Among Plant Systems STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities 4. Remove the System Parts Interaction Cards from the Plant System Interaction Flowchart. Read the definition for each of the three systems, then explain the interactions that occur among the reproductive, transport, and response systems that enable a plant to grow, thrive, and reproduce. The transport system brings to the plant the raw materials (water and minerals) that are used in the photosynthetic process to produce food for the entire plant. This food is converted into energy, which the plant uses for reproduction and to respond to stimuli in its environments, such as growing toward sunlight. The reproductive system produces new plants either through the process of sexual reproduction (requiring an egg and sperm cell) or by asexual means, through runners, rhizomes, plantlets, etc., that can start another plant exactly like the parent. Runners and rhizomes must produce new roots to support a new plant. These roots respond to gravity and grow downward. Stems and leaves have a negative response to gravity and grow upward toward a light energy source. No one system in a plant can function alone; systems must interact in order for the plant to continue to grow, thrive in its environment, and produce new plants. I need to remember... Plants, like animals, are composed of different systems that interact to benefit the plant. Some systems enable the plant to respond to stimuli it receives from its environment, such as touch, light, and gravity. One system cannot survive without interacting and depending on other systems in the plant. Each system is composed of smaller systems; for example, the transport system is composed of xylem and phloem found in the leaves, stems, and roots of plants. The reproductive system reproduces either by sexual or asexual means, depending on the plant. 308 Teacher Pages

7 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Among Plant Systems Biological Processes and Systems Among Plant Systems Blackline Masters Contents Station Information sheet Tropism Cards Plant Events Cards Plant Systems Flowchart System Parts Cards Student Pages Blackline Masters 309

8 Among Plant Systems STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Station Information: Station Information: Among Among Plant Systems Plant Systems Plant Systems Flowchart Transport System In SYSTEMS Int Responsible for the movement of water, minerals, and food to all parts of the plant tio n s I n te r ra c ac i s on te Responsible for the continuation of the plant species, by sexual or asexual means t Reproductive System e ra c t i o n s Response System Allows plants to receive information from their surroundings and translate it into some type of action Response System ac t In SYSTEM PARTS Int tion s I nte r t ac t ac ns ra c tion s How do these parts of SYSTEM parts of the system interact to How do these PARTS GEOTROPISM the benefit of thephototropism plant? the system interact to Int of the plant? the benefit e ra c t i o n s THIGMOTROPISM io te ra c I nter XYLEM In Transport System ns io te e ra c t i o n s tion s Int POLLEN EGGS ra c SYSTEM PARTS Reproductive System How do these tropisms effect the system to the benefit of the plant? I nt e r In te RUNNERS PLANTLETS BULBLETS RHIZOMES ns io e ra c t i o n s PHLOEM Systems Parts Cards Geotropism Vine Tendril Response to Touch Geotropism is the response of a plant to gravity. Roots have Sensitive Briar PlantaResponse to Touch positive response to gravity and grow downward into the soil. Leaves and stems have a negative response to gravity and grow upward against the effects of gravity. tendril not grasping tendril grasping fence Tropism and Plant Events Cards before touching 310 Blackline Masters after touching

9 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Among Plant Systems Tropism Cards Phototropism Phototropism is the process whereby plants respond to light stimulus by growing in the direction of available light. Leaves and stems respond positively to light, meaning that they grow toward it. A plant s roots respond negatively to light, growing away from it. Thigmotropism Thigmotropism is the process whereby plants respond to touch or physical contact with an object. Some plants respond to touch or other stimuli, such as a high wind, by folding up their leaves. A vine s roots exhibit a positive response to touch when their roots cling to the side of a building or their tendrils wrap around an object. Geotropism Geotropism is the process whereby a plant responds to gravity. Roots have a positive response to gravity and grow downward into the soil. Leaves and stems have a negative response to gravity and grow upward against its effects. Blackline Masters 311

10 Among Plant Systems STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Plant Events Cards Venus Flytrap s Response to Touch before after Corn Seed s Response to Gravity leaves before germinating roots after germinating Flowers Response to Light before sunset 312 Blackline Masters after sunset

11 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Among Plant Systems Plant Events Cards, continued Tulips Response to Change in Direction of Sunlight sunlight directly above sunlight from the West Tomato Plant s Response to Gravity plant position on side plant position upright tendril not grasping Vine Tendril s Response to Touch tendril grasping fence Blackline Masters 313

12 Among Plant Systems STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Plant Systems Flowchart Plant Systems Flowchart Reproductive System Responsible for the continuation of the plant species, by sexual or asexual means Transport System Responsible for the movement of water, minerals, and food to all parts of the plant SYSTEMS Response System Allows plants to receive information from their surroundings and translate it into some type of action 314 Blackline Masters

13 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Among Plant Systems Systems Parts Cards XYLEM Transport System Response System How do these tropisms affect the system to the benefit of the plant? PHOTOTROPISM GEOTROPISM THIGMOTROPISM How do these parts of the system interact to benefit the plant? SYSTEM PARTS PHLOEM SYSTEM PARTS RUNNERS PLANTLETS BULBLETS RHIZOMES Reproductive System How do these parts of the system interact to benefit the plant? SYSTEM PARTS POLLEN EGGS Blackline Masters 315

14 Among Plant Systems STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities 316 Blackline Masters

15 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Among Plant Systems Biological Processes and Systems Among Plant Systems Student Pages Purpose The purpose of this station is to reinforce your understanding of how plant systems interact to perform the functions of transport, reproduction, and response. Before You Begin Check to see that all the items are present and organized according to the Station Information sheet. If you notice a problem, notify your teacher immediately. Materials Tropism Cards and Plant Events Cards (1 set of each in envelope) System Parts Interaction Cards (3 cards in envelope) Plant Systems Interaction Flowchart Essential Question In order for a plant to survive, why must its different systems interact? Discuss the essential question with your teammate(s) and record your answer in the space below. Activities and Questions Locate the envelope labeled Tropism and Plant Events Cards. Use the tropism cards to review the concepts of phototropism, geotropism, and thigmotropism. Then take a look at the Plant Events Cards, which show pictures of different plants responding to stimuli. Student Pages 317

16 Among Plant Systems STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities 1. How is it beneficial for a plant to respond to different stimuli in its environment? Find the Plant Systems Flowchart. Remove the cards from the envelope marked System Parts Cards and place each card on the flowchart as shown below. Plant System Flowchart RUNNERS PLANTLETS BULBLETS RHIZOMES SYSTEM PARTS Reproductive System How do these parts of the system interact to the benefit of the plant? SYSTEMS Transport System How do these parts of the system interact to the benefit of the plant? XYLEM SYSTEM PARTS POLLEN EGGS PHLOEM Response System How do these tropisms effect the system to the benefit of the plant? PHOTOTROPISM SYSTEM PARTS GEOTROPISM THIGMOTROPISM The System Parts Interaction Cards list parts or processes that are part of the systems found in plants. For example, in the transportation system, the xylem and phloem are cell types that perform some of the transportation system s functions. 318 Student Pages

17 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Among Plant Systems 2. How do the system parts identified in the System Parts Interaction Card for the transport system interact in the leaves, stems, and roots of a plant so that the plant benefits from the system? 3. Explain the effects of Thigmotropism on a plant s tendrils: Phototropism on the stems and leaves of a plant: Geotropism on the roots and leaves of a plant: Student Pages 319

18 Among Plant Systems STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities 4. Slide the System Parts Cards off the flowchart so that you can see the definitions of the reproductive, transport, and response systems. Read the definition for each of these systems, then explain the interactions that occur among these three systems that enable a plant to grow, thrive, and reproduce. 5. Now that you have completed these questions, return to the essential question. Would you like to modify your answer? Write any modifications below. Note: Because other students are going to do the activity after you, be sure to put all the materials at the station back as you found them. Sometimes there will be materials that need to be renewed or replaced. If you need assistance or have any questions, ask your teacher. 320 Student Pages

19 STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Among Plant Systems I Need to Remember... Complete this part after class discussion of this station. I need to remember... Student Pages 321

20 Among Plant Systems STAAR Biology: Assessment Activities Glossary Asexual reproduction in plants Plants can reproduce by asexual (vegetative) means. Asexual plants are able to reproduce through structures such as rhizomes, tubers, corms, plantlets, and runners. Phloem The phloem is a tissue of living cells that form tubes that transport food to all parts of the plant. Plantlet A plantlet is a small plant growing from a leaf or stem of the mother plant. A plantlet that is growing at the base of a bulb is called a bulblet. Rhizome A rhizome is a stem that grows horizontally below the soil and sends out roots and shoots of new plants. Runner A runner is a stem that grows horizontally above the soil and sends out roots and shoots of new plants. Sexual reproduction in plants Plants can reproduce sexually using structures found in the plant flower. The male reproductive structure produces sperm cells (pollen). The female reproductive structures include the ovule that produces the egg cells (ova). Tropism Tropism is the process through which plants receive information from their environment and translate it into a response. Some tropisms found in plants are thigmotropism, response to touch; phototropism, response to light; and geotropism, response to gravity. Xylem The xylem is layers of dead cells that make up bundles of tissue that transport water and minerals from the roots, through the stems, and to the leaves of a plant. 322 Student Pages